Complete Immersion Research Articles

Numerical investigation of the effects of immersion on the efficiency of a tidal helical turbine

In the current study, a two-phase simulation of a tidal helical turbine was performed that contrasts with previous studies in two ways. First, the current research simulated the turbine in different states of immersion in water, whereas previous studies simulated turbines mostly in single-phase conditions and full immersion in water. Second, the present study used a horizontal-axis turbine, whereas previous research employed a vertical-axis helical turbine or Darrius turbine. In this study, a simulation was conducted using the volume of fluid method in ANSYS Fluent 18. Results indicated that the complete immersion of the turbine in water generated a high torque, thereby reducing the efficiency of the device. To determine the conditions with the highest efficiency, immersion rates of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% in water were examined, and a configuration with best power coefficient ( C p = 0.175 in TSR = 0.47) was found in 25% immersion. In immersion rate of 25%, resistant pressure on blades was minimum.

On the structure of hypersurfaces in Hn×R with finite strong total curvature

We prove that if $X:M^n\to\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$, $n\geq 3$, is a an orientable, complete immersion with finite strong total curvature, then $X$ is proper and $M$ is diffeomorphic to a compact manifold $\bar M$ minus a finite number of points $q_1, \dots q_k$. Adding some extra hypothesis, including $H_r=0,$ where $H_r$ is a higher order mean curvature, we obtain more information about the geometry of a neighbourhood of each puncture. The reader will also find in this paper a classification result for the hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ which satisfy $H_r=0$ and are invariant by hyperbolic translations and a maximum principle in a half space for these hypersurfaces.

Immunoblotting: Transfer of Proteins from Gels to Membranes.

Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from gels to membranes can be achieved either by complete immersion of a gel-membrane sandwich in a buffer (wet transfer) or by placing the gel-membrane sandwich between absorbent paper soaked in transfer buffer (semidry transfer). For the wet transfer, the sandwich is placed in a buffer tank with platinum wire electrodes. For the semidry transfer, the gel-membrane sandwich is placed between carbon plate or stainless steel electrodes. Both methods are described here and generally work well, although semidry transfer is quicker and often more complete.

Synergic Swelling of Interactive Network Support and Block Copolymer Films during Solvent Vapor Annealing.

We report the effect of "interactive" polymer network (PN) supports on the solvent-vapor processing of thin polymer films. Densely cross-linked surface-attached network exhibits under experimental time scale a glassy swelling behavior with the conformational states and solvent-uptake clearly sensitive to the degree of solvent vapor saturation in the atmosphere. Pretreatment of the thermally cured PN films by complete immersion or by swelling in saturated chloroform vapors facilitates relaxation of the residual stresses and induces irreversible changes to the network structure as revealed by the swelling/deswelling tests. The presence of a polymer film on top of the PN support results in a mutual influence of the layers on the respective swelling kinetics, steady-state solvent uptake, and chain dynamics. Using UV-vis ellipsometry, we revealed a significantly faster swelling and higher solvent uptake of glassy PN layer below a polymer film as compared to a single PN layer on silicon substrate. Remarkably, the swelling of the network support continues to increase even when the overall swelling of the bilayer is in a steady-state regime. Block copolymer films on PN supports exhibit a faster ordering dynamics and exceptional stability toward dewetting as compared to similar films on silicon wafers. The mechanical stress produced by continuously swelling PN is suggested to account for the enhanced segmental dynamics even at low solvent concentration in the block copolymer film. Apart from novel insights into dynamics of solvent uptake by heterogeneous polymer films, these results might be useful in developing novel approaches toward fast-processing/annealing of functional polymer films and fibers.

Toward Human-in-the-Loop Mobile Networks: A Radio Resource Allocation Perspective on Haptic Communications

The exchange of haptic information in remote operation systems allows humans to physically interact in remote environments with complete immersion. Such human-in-the-loop networks have been realized through wired solutions in the past. It is expected that the emerging 5G mobile communications networks will be able to meet the stringent requirements of real-time haptic interaction. By enabling haptic communications over 5G networks, human-in-the-loop mobile networks will emerge, that will support unprecedented applications. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the problem of radio resource allocation for haptic communications over 5G networks. The key requirements of haptic communications from a radio resource allocation perspective have been identified. These requirements have been translated into two distinct optimization problems for radio resource allocation, pertaining to perceptual coding and symmetric design cases. To reduce complexity, a two-step solution has been provided after decomposing the original optimization problems. In both cases, low-complexity greedy heuristic algorithms and near-optimal solutions have been proposed for resource allocation. Performance evaluation has been conducted based on a 5G air-interface design.

Natural Wax for Transient Electronics

AbstractEmerging classes of bioresorbable electronic materials serve as the basis for active biomedical implants that are capable of providing sensing, monitoring, stimulating, and other forms of function over an operating period matched to biological processes such as wound healing. These platforms are of interest because subsequent dissolution, enzymatic degradation, and/or bioresorption can eliminate the need for surgical extraction. This report introduces natural wax materials as long‐lived, hydrophobic encapsulation layers for such systems, where biodegradation eventually occurs by chain scission. Studies of wax stability as an encapsulation material demonstrate the ability to retain operation of underlying biodegradable electronic systems for durations between a few days to a few weeks during complete immersion in aqueous solutions in ex‐vivo physiological conditions. Electrically conductive composites result from the addition of tungsten micro/nanoparticles, as a conductive, printable paste with similar lifetimes. Demonstrations of these materials in partially biodegradable wireless light‐emitting diodes and near‐field communication circuits illustrate their use in functional bioresorbable electronic systems. Investigations in animal models reveal no signs of toxicity or other adverse biological responses.

3 D Porous CoS2 Hexadecahedron Derived from MOC toward Ultrafast and Long-Lifespan Lithium Storage.

A new hexadecahedron assembled by core-shell CoS2 particles@N-doped carbon (CoS2 @NCH) is prepared successfully through the self-templating method. The CoS2 @NCH hybrid electrode delivers a high lithium-storage capacity of 778 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g-1 , which is the longest cycle lifespan among the reported CoS2 anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the CoS2 @NCH hybrid electrode shows excellent rate capability with a discharge capacity of 220 mA h g-1 at an extremely high current density of 20 A g-1 , and a charge capacity of 649 mA h g-1 is restored upon returning the current density back to 2 A g-1 . The superior performance is attributed to the unique construction of CoS2 @NCH. The N-doped interconnected porous carbon shells form highly conductive skeletons for quick electron transfer and prevent the electrode from collapsing. Moreover, the porous characteristic of the materials plays a key role: as some effective channels, the mesopores on the porous carbon shells provide greater access for lithium, and the mesopores derived from the particle interspace enables the complete immersion of the electrodes in electrolyte, which alleviates the volume expansion and ensures the integrity of the electrode. In addition, the nanosized CoS2 particles, which shorten the ion-transport path and provide extra electroactive sites, also improve the reaction kinetics.

NotifiVR: Exploring Interruptions and Notifications in Virtual Reality.

The proliferation of high resolution and affordable virtual reality (VR) headsets is quickly making room-scale VR experiences available in our homes. Most VR experiences strive to achieve complete immersion by creating a disconnect from the real world. However, due to the lack of a standardized notification management system and minimal context awareness in VR, an immersed user may face certain situations such as missing an important phone call (digital scenario), tripping over wandering pets (physical scenario), or losing track of time (temporal scenario). In this paper, we present the results of 1) a survey across 61 VR users to understand common interruptions and scenarios that would benefit from some form of notifications; 2) a design exercise with VR professionals to explore possible notification methods; and 3) an empirical study on the noticeability and perception of 5 different VR interruption scenarios across 6 modality combinations (e.g., audio, visual, haptic, audio + haptic, visual + haptic, and audio + visual) implemented in Unity and presented using the HTC Vive headset. Finally, we combine key learnings from each of these steps along with participant feedback to present a set of observations and recommendations for notification design in VR.

SUBSTANTIATION FOR THE TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING ANTIMICROBIAL SPRAY ON THE BASIS OF SILVER AND COPPER CITRATES

Formation and development of the veterinary pharmacy and veterinary drugs market in Ukraine is an urgent issue. In order to prevent infection of the mammary gland in cows after milking, the nipples are treated with a suitable disinfectant for complete immersion or spraying. However, the agents for the prevention of mastitis, presented in the Ukrainian market, are expensive and there is a need to develop domestic veterinary preparations of different forms of release. This work is a continuation of research on the development of the composition and technology of a means for antiseptic treatment of nipples and udders of cattle, in the form of a spray, in order to prevent microbial contamination and prevent mastitis. To obtain a stable veterinary drug based on citrate of silver and copper, the dissolution regimes of the substances were investigated, the order of introduction of the active ingredients and auxiliary substances into the solution, the duration and the rate of stirring during dissolution. It is established that the most optimal are the following technological modes of spray preparation: dissolution temperature 20-220С, mixing time from 10 to 15 minutes, with stirring intensity from 150-200 sec-1. The selected technological regime ensures the stability of the veterinary drug "Argocide-copper" during storage for 12 months. The technology of obtaining a spray in the conditions of industrial production of veterinary preparations of LLC "Brovafarm" (Brovary, Ukraine) is developed. Critical stages and critical control points in the production process of a veterinary preparation of antiseptic action are determined.

Degradation of Roller‐Compacted Concrete Subjected to Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Immersion in Potassium Acetate Solution

Two sets of roller‐compacted concrete (RCC) samples cured for 28 days were subjected to freeze‐thaw (F‐T) cycles and immersion in laboratory conditions. F‐T cycles in water and water‐potassium acetate solution (50% by weight) were carried out and followed by the flexural impact test. The weight loss, the dynamic elastic modulus (Ed), the mechanical properties, and the residual strain of RCC were measured. The impact energy was calculated based on the final number of the impact test. The results show that the effect of F‐T cycles in KAc solution on the weight loss and Ed of RCC is slight. Ed, the compressive strength, and the flexural strength of RCC with 250 F‐T cycles in KAc solution decrease by 3.8%, 23%, and 36%, respectively. The content (by weight) of K+ at the same depth of RCC specimens increases with the increase of F‐T cycles. The impact energy of RCC specimens subjected to 250 F‐T cycles in KAc solution decreases by nearly 30%. Microcracks occur and increase with the increase of F‐T cycles in KAc solution. The compressive strength of RCC immersed in KAc solution decreases by 18.8% and 32.8% after 6 and 12 months. More attention should be paid to using KAc in practical engineering because both the freeze‐thaw cycles and the complete immersion in KAc solution damage the mechanical properties of RCC.

In-column immobilization of Cs-saturated crystalline silicotitanates using phenolic resins.

The in situ immobilization of granulated Cs-saturated crystalline silicotitanates (Cs-CST) in fixed-bed columns has been investigated using commercially available phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binding agent. Two types of PF resin were investigated as part of this study both being prepared from resol polymer having a formaldehyde:phenol ratio of 3:1. However, one of the resol polymers had water as the primary solvent and the other ethanol. Both resol polymers were observed to completely infiltrate the space between the Cs-CST beads and also the pores within the beads themselves. PF resin monoliths prepared after curing the water-based resol at 180°C were considerably less porous than the ethanol-based counterparts cured under the same conditions. The enhanced macroporosity of the resin prepared from the ethanol-based resol was presumably the result from enhanced gas bubble generation. Little or no micro- or mesoporosity was measured using nitrogen porosimetry. For both resins cured at 180°C, intimate contacts with the Cs-CST beads were observed that were not modified even after complete immersion in water over long time frames. Little or no migration of Cs from Cs-CST to the resin binder was observed. The compressive strength of the Cs-CST-PF resin monoliths was measured and benchmarked against cement monoliths and was found to be two to three times higher than cement in the case of the water-based resin. Leaching of the monoliths was conducted in demineralized water at 90°C. Normalized Cs mass losses of the order of 1.0g/m2 were measured after 30days for the ethanol-based resin monoliths. For the less porous water-based monoliths, the normalized mass loss was one order of magnitude lower. The leaching of monoliths irradiated with a 2-MGy dose of γ radiation showed no difference in Cs mass loss suggesting that the ability to retain Cs of either the CST or PF resin was not affected. PF resins are capable of acting as a mechanically robust, radiation-resistant, and impermeable active secondary barrier reducing the likelihood of Cs entry into the biosphere.

Complete negatively curved immersed ends in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$ R 3

This paper extends, in a sharp way, the famous Efimov’s Theorem to immersed ends in \(\mathbb {R}^3\). More precisely, let M be a non-compact connected surface with compact boundary. Then there is no complete isometric immersion of M into \(\mathbb {R}^3\) satisfying that \(\int _M |K|=+\infty \) and \(K\le -\kappa <0\), where \(\kappa \) is a positive constant and K is the Gaussian curvature of M. In particular Efimov’s Theorem holds for complete Hadamard immersed surfaces, whose Gaussian curvature K is bounded away from zero outside a compact set.

Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy for Treatment of Gallstone Ileus Complicated by an Ileocolonic Anastomotic Stricture

The management of gallstone ileus has primarily involved surgical intervention by enterolithotomy with or without bowel resection. Given that gallstone ileus is most common in elderly patients with comorbidities, the mortality and morbidity associated with surgical intervention are significant. We report a case of using electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) to treat gallstone ileus in a patient with ileocolonic anastomotic stenosis. A 73-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, prior small bowel resection and ileocolonic anastomosis presented with lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. He underwent colonoscopy, which demonstrated an impacted 3 cm by 2 cm mixed pigment gallstone at the site of his prior ileocolonic anastomosis. This anastomosis appeared to have strictured. Previous attempts using a Roth net were unsuccessful in retrieving the stone. The patient was referred to an academic tertiary care center for further management of his gallstone ileus. He underwent a colonoscopy, where the gallstone was identified at the stenotic ileocolonic anastomosis. The anastomosis was dilated under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance to 20mm. Initial attempts to retrieve the stone with a Roth net were unsuccessful in pulling the stone through the anastomosis. The decision was made to perform electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The EHL generator and at a power level of 100 and shock frequency of 15 shocks/second was utilized. The lumen was perfused with saline to provide the fluid medium at the stone-probe interface for EHL. Shock waves were delivered which led to effective fragmentation of the stone. The fragmented stones were cleared from the small bowel entirely through using a Roth net basket. On 8 weeks follow-up, patient continues to remain asymptomatic. Technique Highlights: EHL in this instance was effective in fragmenting a large gallstone. In using this technique, complete immersion with saline should be used as the medium in the lumen of the bowel. Also care must be made to ensure constant visualization of contact of the EHL probe and the stone or fragment being targeted. Our case highlights the potential role of EHL to treat complicated cases of gallstone ileus in patients who are poor surgical candidates for enterolithotomy. Watch the video: https://goo.gl/ZkJcWb

Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy for Treatment of Gallstone Ileus Complicated by an Ileocolonic Anastomotic Stricture

The management of gallstone ileus has primarily involved surgical intervention by enterolithotomy with or without bowel resection. Given that gallstone ileus is most common in elderly patients with comorbidities, the mortality and morbidity associated with surgical intervention are significant. We report a case of using electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) to treat gallstone ileus in a patient with ileocolonic anastomotic stenosis. A 73-year-old male with a history of cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, prior small bowel resection and ileocolonic anastomosis presented with lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. He underwent colonoscopy, which demonstrated an impacted 3 cm by 2 cm mixed pigment gallstone at the site of his prior ileocolonic anastomosis. This anastomosis appeared to have strictured. Previous attempts using a Roth net were unsuccessful in retrieving the stone. The patient was referred to an academic tertiary care center for further management of his gallstone ileus. He underwent a colonoscopy, where the gallstone was identified at the stenotic ileocolonic anastomosis. The anastomosis was dilated under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance to 20mm. Initial attempts to retrieve the stone with a Roth net were unsuccessful in pulling the stone through the anastomosis. The decision was made to perform electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The EHL generator and at a power level of 100 and shock frequency of 15 shocks/second was utilized. The lumen was perfused with saline to provide the fluid medium at the stone-probe interface for EHL. Shock waves were delivered which led to effective fragmentation of the stone. The fragmented stones were cleared from the small bowel entirely through using a Roth net basket. On 8 weeks follow-up, patient continues to remain asymptomatic. Technique Highlights: EHL in this instance was effective in fragmenting a large gallstone. In using this technique, complete immersion with saline should be used as the medium in the lumen of the bowel. Also care must be made to ensure constant visualization of contact of the EHL probe and the stone or fragment being targeted. Our case highlights the potential role of EHL to treat complicated cases of gallstone ileus in patients who are poor surgical candidates for enterolithotomy.Figure: Gallstone in Small bowel.Figure: Fragmented stone after EHL.

To be melodramatic: Writing a text to music according to the melodramatic tradition

Name: Yotam Gaton Main Subject: Baroque Violin Research Supervisor: Bart van Oort Title of Research: Writing a text to music to be performed as done in Melodramas Research Question: What are the different ways in which text and music are put together in the Romantic Melodramas? Summary of Results: I use examples from compositions of the early Romantics until those of the end of the 19th century. Ways to treat the fusion of text and music, as can be seen from the literature, are presented in the story that I wrote, a story that is meant to be narrated with early Romantic music. The Melodrama that developed in the 70s' of the 18th century, although disregarded by some critics, became - mostly in the Germanic countries, a popular genre, used by composers from Benda through Mozart and Beethoven, to Liszt and Humperdinck. In a world that constantly looked for musical innovations, melodrama gave a new meaning for that primary connection of music and text. So how is this text-music relation kept? Are there clear principals in composing music to recited text as can be learned from Melodramas in the Romantic period? Representative melodramas by early and late romantic composers are discussed. The Melodrama developed due to changes in the artistic approach to the fusion of music and text. From its early days of Rousseau and Benda and the autonomy they sought to give to each art, to the complete immersion and fusion of the two in the Melodramas of Schuman, Liszt and Humperdinck, highlighting the qualities of both arts. The core of this work is my own intake on Melodrama. I brought examples from the story that I wrote for different fusions of recited text and music. Unlike Melodramas where music is written to text, here the process is reversed and text was written to music. Biography: Yotam Gaton was chamber music oriented from an early age, performing as concertmaster and principal second violin with Israel’s finest chamber ensembles. Yotam joined the IDF and served as the leader and first violinist of the IDF string quartet where he wrote and performed series of lecture concerts. Former member and concertmaster of the European Union Baroque Orchestra, Yotam played with renowned ensembles such as Les Arts Florissants and performed in Europe's most important Early Music festivals. Both as a soloist and a group member, he collaborated with some of the greatest Early Music artists such as Frans Brüggen, Masaaki Suzuki, William Christie, Lars Ulrik Mortensen and Rachel Podger.

Thermal Performance and Efficiency of a Mineral Oil Immersed Server Over Varied Environmental Operating Conditions

Complete immersion of servers in dielectric mineral oil has recently become a promising technique for minimizing cooling energy consumption in data centers. However, a lack of sufficient published data and long-term documentation of oil immersion cooling performance make most data center operators hesitant to apply these approaches to their mission critical facilities. In this study, a single server was fully submerged horizontally in mineral oil. Experiments were conducted to observe the effects of varying the volumetric flow rate and oil inlet temperature on thermal performance and power consumption of the server. Specifically, temperature measurements of the central processing units (CPUs), motherboard (MB) components, and bulk fluid were recorded at steady-state conditions. These results provide an initial bounding envelope of environmental conditions suitable for an oil immersion data center. Comparing with results from baseline tests performed with traditional air cooling, the technology shows a 34.4% reduction in the thermal resistance of the system. Overall, the cooling loop was able to achieve partial power usage effectiveness (pPUECooling) values as low as 1.03. This server level study provides a preview of possible facility energy savings by utilizing high temperature, low flow rate oil for cooling. A discussion on additional opportunities for optimization of information technology (IT) hardware and implementation of oil cooling is also included.

Respiration and Storage Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple Slices Immersed in Sugar Syrup and Orange Juice

Storing fresh-cut apple slices in suitable fruit juice or sugar syrup is a general practice. However, application of this approach is mainly based on empirical knowledge, while systematic and comprehensive analyses of the relevant effects of this storage technique on keeping quality-related physiological properties of fresh-cut products is still missing. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of complete immersion of fresh-cut apples in sugar syrup and fruit juice solution on respiratory behaviour and other relevant quality attributes (colour, tissue strength, and soluble solid and acidity). Sugar syrup and pure orange juice showed a high potential to store and protect fresh-cut apples. Results showed that only pure orange juice positively affected the produce quality by preventing browning effects. In addition, sugar syrup of 13.4–20% most effectively prevented browning of apple slices and guaranteed high product quality retention during storage. The application of different liquid media provides a practical means to prevent browning and maintain product quality.

Élites políticas y represión estatal en Turkmenistán

The aim of the article is to analyze the power relations among the Turkmen political elites so as to grasp a better understanding of the rationale of constraint and its supremacy over all features of society. Through the recent history of domination, the burden of foreign financial dependence, and the ancestral configuration of the society; the reader will be able to perceive how life lingers under an imposed ‘objective order’ of things which renders all counteraction utopian. That is, a complete immersion into the logics of repression of this enigmatic Central Asian republic.

Formation of Supramolecular Structures in the β-Cyclodextrin–β-Resorcylic Acid System

It was found with the help of spectrophotometry, IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and thermogravimetry, that new supramolecular structures in the β-cyclodextrin–β-resorcylic acid system are generated as a result of a spontaneous exothermic process. It was proven that the inclusion complexes of the host–guest type with a 1:1 ratio between β-cyclodextrin and the molecular form of β-resorcylic acid (or its monovalent anion) are formed through van der Waals interactions of the aromatic ring of β-resorcylic acid with the inner hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin. It was shown that partial displacement of water molecules from the inner cavity of the cyclic oligosaccharide and complete immersion of β-resorcylic acid molecule inside it occur in this case; thermal stability of β-resorcylic acid increases.

Maximizing Entrepreneurship learning/training benefits

As an educator who strives for highest quality university teaching, I do my best to create a complete immersion of my students in learning from theory, best practices, real examples and a great variety of in- and out- of university and class activities. Hence, my approach in teaching entrepreneurship courses in particular, consists of providing with every possible tip to make learning cognitive, fun, closest to reality and effectively productive and promising. Believing in the fundamental link or relationship, between innovation and entrepreneurship, I do focus very much on stimulating creativity through individual and team-based assignments, as well as games and picture-based exercises. Problem-solving games and exercises are particularly used. A best expected outcome in my entrepreneurship courses is a choice for enrolled students to create either a spin-off company, or a sound business plan to implement after graduation, individually or collectively. A major policy implication is the need for great improvements in courses content and teaching methods.