Complete Image Research Articles

Research on Consumer Needs of LINE Brand Based on Internet Brand Cultural Code and Touchpoint Design Theory

Brand image design is a personalized image design created based on the recognition of the brand. A complete brand image includes product level, visual level, cultural level, service level, etc. How to help consumers find a sense of brand belonging is an issue that companies should consider. Extending the communication of brand information to various media to achieve comprehensive and in-depth brand communication is the top priority of brand design and communication. With the rapid increase in mobile Internet users, digital marketing of brand image has attracted the attention of more and more enterprises and design companies. The diversification of new media channels has driven the constant growth of mobile brand advertising design. Mobile marketing technology has changed the design model of brand image. The development of mobile Internet has fundamentally changed the traditional way of brand image design. When a brand has a powerful mobile Internet platform, the ways to enhance the recognition of the brand’s visual image and the value of the brand become more diverse. Today, mobile devices have become a necessity for young people. Attracted by mobile new media, young people have rediscovered their self-worth, subverted traditional lifestyles, and become a generation that changes mass consumption behavior. Therefore, we should pay attention to changes in the environment of brand image design, grasp the living habits and consumption needs of consumers, especially young consumers, and analyze the underlying consumer behavior. These are required courses for studying the trends of brand image design and brand strategies under the Internet wave. LINE is an important social software that is popular in Asia, and its unique Internet development model is worthy of study and reference. Especially in Japan and South Korea, where the anime industry is developed, this brand design style based on anime characters is highly sought after by young people. The main focus of this study is LINE’s brand touchpoint design and cultural code. The research methods mainly include conceptual analysis, theoretical research, and comparative research. By analyzing LINE’s touchpoint design, the origin and derivative functions of LINE’s brand design, the roles of LINE’s consumer environment and individual influencing factors in the cultural code, and the analysis of LINE’s consumer needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to grasp its Internet brand design strategy and marketing model, so as to provide important insight and reference for the development of other Internet brands.

Diagnostic Evaluation of Polycythemia Vera at High Altitude.

Polycythemia is a common medical problem, frequently acquired and reactive to secondary conditions. High-altitude-associated hypoxia contributes to the greater prevalence of polycythemia at altitude. Primary clonal polycythemia vera (PV), even though it is rare, requires a different therapeutic approach. Suspicion of PV usually drives the diagnostic workup of polycythemia. In this retrospective lab record study, we collected all JAK2 tests requested over a three-year period. We analyzed requests that were made for the evaluation of polycythemia. Complete blood count (CBC) and imaging of the abdomen were collected. Out of 208 total requests, 136 were for the purpose of polycythemia evaluation. JAK2 mutation was positive (confirming the presence of PV) in 22 (16.7%) cases. PV patients have the usual demographics reported elsewhere. Additionally, PV patients exhibit distinct hemogram results featuring leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and hypochromic microcytic red blood cells (RBCs) related to the associated iron deficiency. Many patients with polycythemia at altitude might be unnecessarily considered for an evaluation of PV, if hemoglobin/hematocrit is the sole deciding criterion. PV patients have a distinct CBC pattern that can be exploited to better select patients with polycythemia for further evaluation and thus reduce unnecessary workups.

Treatment outcomes of the KEYNOTE-522 regimen in an ethnically diverse patient population: A real world experience.

e12663 Background: Pembrolizumab (pembro) in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) became standard of care for high risk, early stage TNBC on July 26, 2021, as a result of the KEYNOTE-522 trial. Black women are disproportionately affected by TNBC with more advanced stage at diagnosis, however the KEYNOTE-522 did not collect data on race. This retrospective review evaluates response to pembro plus NACT in a racially diverse population to assess the generalizability of the trial findings to potentially under-represented patient populations. Methods: This is a single center, retrospective review of patients with stage II/III TNBC diagnosed between 08/2020 to 08/2023, treated with pembro plus NACT at Maimonides Medical Center, a safety-net hospital in Brooklyn, New York serving a diverse patient population. Exclusion criteria included age < 18 years, ER/PR/Her2 positivity, NACT without pembrolizumab and unreported race. Data were collected from electronic health records and analyzed using SPSS Statistics. Results: 50 patients met inclusion criteria, among whom 40 patients had complete information available for review. 52.5% (95% CI: 38% - 69%) of patients had a pCR. Nearly half of the patient population (47.5%) were African American. Subgroup analysis of ethnicity demonstrated a lower pCR amongst African American women, but this was not statistically significant (table). 5 patients had progression of disease with the development of distant metastasis (2 whilst on treatment and 3 following completion of therapy). 3 patients had grade 3/4 adverse events (pembro associated endocrine and cardiac dysfunction). Notably, lack of complete imaging response to treatment was significantly associated with lack of pCR (p=0.003). Conclusions: In this retrospective review of a racially diverse patient population, the pembrolizumab-NACT regimen was well tolerated with an acceptable side effect profile. While our rate of pCR is lower than the findings of the Keynote-522 trial; 52.5 % (95% CI: 38% - 69%) vs. 64.8% (95% CI: 59.9%-69.5%), our sample size is not large enough to detect a statistically significant difference. Sub-analysis of patient ethnicity demonstrated varying rates of pCR, however findings are limited by a small sample size. Additional data collection is in progress and future analysis will provide insight into a potential correlation between race and therapy response. [Table: see text]

MicronuclAI: Automated quantification of micronuclei for assessment of chromosomal instability.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that drives metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. CIN results from chromosome mis-segregation events during anaphase, as excessive chromatin is packaged in micronuclei (MN), that can be enumerated to quantify CIN. Despite recent advancements in automation through computer vision and machine learning, the assessment of CIN remains a predominantly manual and time-consuming task, thus hampering important work in the field. Here, we present micronuclAI , a novel pipeline for automated and reliable quantification of MN of varying size, morphology and location from DNA-only stained images. In micronucleAI , single-cell crops are extracted from high-resolution microscopy images with the help of segmentation masks, which are then used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to output the number of MN associated with each cell. The pipeline was evaluated against manual single-cell level counts by experts and against routinely used MN ratio within the complete image. The classifier was able to achieve a weighted F1 score of 0.937 on the test dataset and the complete pipeline can achieve close to human-level performance on various datasets derived from multiple human and murine cancer cell lines. The pipeline achieved a root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) value of 0.0041, an R 2 of 0.87 and a Pearson's correlation of 0.938 on images obtained at 10X magnification. We tested the approach in otherwise isogenic cell lines in which we genetically dialed up or down CIN rates, and also on a publicly available image data set (obtained at 100X) and achieved an RMSE value of 0.0159, an R 2 of 0.90, and a Pearson's correlation of 0.951. Given the increasing interest in developing therapies for CIN-driven cancers, this method provides an important, scalable, and rapid approach to quantifying CIN on routinely obtained images. We release a GUI-implementation for easy access and utilization of the pipeline.

Automatic identification and interpretation of discontinuities of rock slope from a 3D point cloud based on UAV nap-of-the-object photogrammetry

Research on rock slopes has attracted considerable attention in the fields of infrastructure construction and disaster prevention. The search for an efficient and reliable method for discontinuity collection is an important task for various studies of jointed rock slope. Capturing high-precision and complete rock exposure images based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi-angle and nap-of-the-object photogrammetry technology is proposed to realize the construction of a millimeter-level 3D point cloud for the high and steep slope. This study develops a new automatic methodology for discontinuity identification and interpretation. A Delaunay triangulation network is created for connecting adjacent points in the point cloud to calculate normal vectors and search for neighbor points efficiently. Combined with the modified region-growing algorithm, an automatic procedure which identifies discontinuities and acquires geometrical parameters efficiently and accurately is established. The proposed approach is applied to the high-steep rock slope on the northern bank of the Sequ Grand Bridge in the Changdu area of Tibet. Compared with the results from the manual survey, the proposed method is more reliable and exhibits high accuracy for discontinuity identification and interpretation on rock exposure.

Seasonal variability of lesions distribution in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective study

Seasonal variability could have an impact on the incidence and outcome of stroke. However, little is known about the correlation between seasonal variability and location of acute cerebral infarction. This study aimed to explore the relationship between onset season and the lesions distribution of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We retrospectively analysis data from 1488 AIS patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2018 to 2022. All subjects completed head magnetic resonance imaging examination (MRI) and were divided into four groups according to the onset seasons. The lesions distribution of AIS was evaluated for anterior/posterior/double circulation infarction (DCI), unilateral/bilateral infarctions, and single/multiple cerebral infarctions based on MRI. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association of season with lesions distribution of AIS. Subgroup analysis was performed in different stroke subtypes. Of 1488 patients, 387 (26.0%) AIS occurred in spring, 425 (28.6%) in summer, 331 (22.2%) in autumn and 345 (23.2%) in winter. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the winter group had 2.15 times (95% CI:1.44–3.21) risk of multiple infarctions, 2.69 times (95% CI:1.80–4.02) of bilateral infarctions and 1.54 times (95% CI:1.05–2.26) of DCI compared with summer group, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of multiple (p < 0.01) or bilateral infarctions (p < 0.01) in small-artery occlusion (SAO) subtype, and higher risk of bilateral infarctions (p < 0.01) or DCI (p < 0.05) in large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype during winter. No significant associations of season with lesions distribution in cardioembolism subtype. Our study highlighted a prominent seasonal variability in the lesions distribution of AIS, particularly in LAA and SAO subtypes. The findings could help to formulating meteorological risk warning strategies for different subtypes.

Patterns and short term neurosurgical treatment outcomes of neonates with neural tube defects admitted to Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

BackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) account for the largest proportion of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system and result from failure of the neural tube to close spontaneously between the 3rd and 4th weeks of in utero development. Prognosis and treatment outcome depends on the nature and the pattern of the defect. The nature of treatment outcomes and its pattern associated with grave prognosis is not well known in the study area.ObjectiveThe aim of study was to determine the patterns and short term neurosurgical management outcomes of newborns with neural tube defects admitted at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital.MethodsInstitutional based retrospective cross-sectional study among neonates, who were admitted at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital with neural tube defects from January 1st to December, 30th, 2018 was conducted. All Charts of Neonates with confirmed diagnosis of neural tube defects were included as part of the study. Trained data collectors (medical interns) supervised by trained supervisors (general practitioners) collected the data using a pretested data extraction format. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Frequency and cross tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of data, and tables and graphs were used for data presentation.ResultAbout 109 patients had complete documentation and imaging confirmed neural tube defects. Myelomeningocele was the commonest pattern 70 (64.2%). Thoracolumbar spine was the commonest site of presentation 49(45%). The most common associated impairment was hydrocephalus 37(33.9%). Forty-five (41.1%) had multiple complications. The mortality rate was 7.3%, 44% were discharged with sequalae and 36.7% were discharged without impairment. The significant causes of death were infection 66.7% and Chiari crisis 33.3%.ConclusionMyelomeningocele was the most frequent clinical pattern of neural tube defect and thoracolumbar spine was the commonest site. Isolated neural tube defect was the commonest finding. There were multiple complications after surgery accompanied with meningitis and hydrocephalus. The mortality rate among neonates with neural tube defects was considerably high. The commonest causes of death were infection and Chiari crisis.

Brain Connectomics Improve the Prediction of High-Risk Depression Profiles in the First Year following Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Background. Prediction of high-risk depression trajectories in the first year following breast cancer diagnosis with fMRI-related brain connectomics is unclear. Methods. The Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) study is a multicenter trial in which 189/232 participants (81.5%) completed baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and four sequential assessments of depression (T0-T3). The latent growth mixture model (LGMM) was utilized to differentiate depression profiles (high vs. low risk) and was followed by multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to recognize distinct brain connectivity patterns. The incremental value of brain connectomics in the prediction model was also estimated. Results. Four depression profiles were recognized and classified into high-risk (delayed and chronic, 14.8% and 12.7%) and low-risk (resilient and recovery, 50.3% and 22.2%). Frontal medial cortex and frontal pole were identified as two important brain areas against the high-risk profile outcome. The prediction model achieved 16.82-76.21% in NRI and 12.63-50.74% in IDI when brain connectomics were included. Conclusion. Brain connectomics can optimize the prediction against high-risk depression profiles in the first year since breast cancer diagnoses.

Cardiac amyloidosis is not a single disease: a multiparametric comparison between the light chain and transthyretin forms.

Systemic amyloidosis represents a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from amyloid fibre deposition. The purpose of this study is to establish a differential diagnosis algorithm targeted towards the two most frequent subtypes of CA. We prospectively included all consecutive patients with ATTR and AL evaluated between 2018 and 2022 in two centres in a score derivation cohort and a different validation sample. All patients had a complete clinical, biomarker, electrocardiographic, and imaging evaluation. Confirmation of the final diagnosis with amyloid typing was performed according to the current international recommendations. The study population included 81 patients divided into two groups: ATTR (group 1, n=32: 28 variant and 4 wild type) and AL (group 2, n=49). ATTR patients were younger (50.7±13.9 vs. 60.2±7.3years, P=0.0001), and significantly different in terms of NT-proBNP [ATTR: 1472.5ng/L (97-4218.5) vs. AL 8024ng/L (3058-14069) P=0.001], hs-cTn I [ATTR: 10ng/L (4-20) vs. AL 78ng/L (32-240), P=0.0002], GFR [ATTR 95.4mL/min (73.8-105.3) vs. AL: 68.4mL/min (47.8-87.4) P=0.003]. At similar left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and ejection fraction, the ATTR group had less frequently pericardial effusion (ATTR: 15% vs. AL: 33% P=0.0027), better LV global longitudinal strain (ATTR: -13.1%±3.5 vs. AL: -9.1%±4.3 P=0.04), RV strain (ATTR: -21.9%±6.2 vs. AL: -16.8%±6 P=0.03) and better reservoir function of the LA strain (ATTR: 22%±12 vs. AL: 13.6%±7.8 P=0.02). Cut-off points were calculated based on the Youden method. We attributed to 2 points for parameters having an AUC>0.75 (NT-proBNP AUC 0.799; hs-cTnI AUC 0.87) and 1 point for GFR (AUC 0.749) and TTE parameters (GLS AUC 0.666; RV FWS AUC 0.649, LASr AUC 0.643). A score of equal or more than 4 points has been able to differentiate between AL and ATTR (sensitivity 80%, specificity 62%, AUC=0.798). The differential diagnosis score system was applied to the validation cohort of 52 CA patients showing a sensitivity of 81% with specificity of 77%. CA is a complex entity and requires extensive testing for a positive diagnosis. This study highlights a series of non-invasive checkpoints, which can be useful in guiding the decision-making process towards a more accurate and rapid differential diagnosis.

Application of three-dimensional ultrasound technique in repairing dorsal foot wounds with medial sural artery perforator flaps

To investigate the accuracy of positioning perforator of medial sural artery with three-dimensional ultrasound technique guided by a wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe before operation, and the effectiveness of the flap design based on this in repairing the dorsal foot wounds. Between January 2019 and December 2022, 30 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the dorsal foot were treated. There were 19 males and 11 females, with an average age of 43.9 years (range, 22-63 years). There were 12 cases of traffic accident injury, 15 cases of heavy crushing injury, and 3 cases of machine injury. The time from injury to hospitalization was 1-8 hours (mean, 3.5 hours). The wounds in size of 5 cm×3 cm to 17 cm×5 cm were thorough debrided and covered with vacuum sealing drainage dressing. Then the wounds were repaired with the medial sural artery perforator flaps after no obvious infection observed. To obtain the complete three-dimensional image, the number and position of the medial sural artery perforator branches and the position of the main blood vessels in the muscle were detected and recorded by wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe before operation. Suitable perforating branches were selected to design the flap and guide the flap incision on this basis. The size of the perforating flap ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 18 cm×6 cm. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated by comparing preoperative exploration with intraoperative observation of perforating branches, so as to evaluate the positioning accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound technique. The donor sites were sutured directly in 25 cases and repaired with free skin grafting in 5 cases. The 60 perforating branches of medial sural artery were found before operation and 58 during operation in 30 patients. Among them, pre- and intra-operative perforations were consistent with 56. The sensitivity was 93.3% and positive predictive value was 96.6%. The intramuscular position and route of the main blood vessels were basically consistent with the pre- and intra-operative observation. All flaps survived and wounds healed by first intention. All incisions at the donor sites healed by first intention, and all skin grafts survived. All patients were follow up 9-24 months (mean, 14.7 months). The appearance, color, and texture of the flaps were good, and no obvious effect on wearing shoes and walking. At last follow-up, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind score ranged from 80 to 92, with an average of 87.5. The patient satisfaction was excellent in 29 cases and good in 1 case. The three-dimensional ultrasound technique guided by the wide band linear matrix array volume transducer probe can accurately locate the perforating branch of the medial sural artery, and the three-dimensional imaging is more intuitive, which can be used to guide the design and incision of the medial sural artery perforator flap.

Radiologic and histopathologic effects of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine on fracture healing in rats

Fracture healing is a process in which many factors interact. In addition to many treatments, physical and biological therapy methods that affect different steps of this process, there are many biological and chemical agents that cause fracture union delay. Although the number of studies on fracture healing is increasing day by day, the mechanism of fracture healing, which is not fully understood, still attracts the attention of all researchers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, 48 male Wistar rats weighing 300 ± 50 g were used. Each group was divided into eight subgroups of six rats each to be sacrificed at the 2nd and 4th weeks and evaluated radiologically and histologically. Favipiravir (group 1), hydroxychloroquine (group 2), favipiravir + hydroxychloroquine (group 3), and random control (group 4) were used. A statistically significant difference was observed between the 15th day histological scoring averages of the groups (p < 0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the 15th day radiological score distributions of the groups (p > 0.05), we obtained different results in terms of complete bone union distributions and radiological images of the fracture line. Although favipiravir has a negative effect on fracture union in the early period, favipiravir may have a positive effect on fracture union in the late period. We did not find any effect of hydroxychloroquine on fracture union.

Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations in the buttock: ten-year experiences in diagnoses and treatment options

BackgroundClinically, arteriovenous malformations in the buttocks (bAVMs) are extremely rare. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethanol embolotherapy in managing bAVMs.ResultsA total of 32 patients with bAVMs (14 females and 18 males) from 2012 to 2021 were included in this study. All patients underwent complete clinical and imaging examinations. Further, the AVMs lesions were analyzed according to Schöbinger staging and Yakes classification. Each patient had undergone a multistage ethanol embolization. The amelioration of clinical symptoms and devascularization on angiography were evaluated at regular follow-ups. In the present cohort, the 11–20 age group had the most patients (15/32; 46.88%). A total of 124 embolization procedures were performed (average 3.88 procedures per patient), and the average dose of absolute ethanol was 18.96 mL per procedure. Thirteen patients with dominant draining veins underwent additional coil deployment before ethanol embolization (13/32; 40.63%). During follow-ups, clinical improvement was found in 23 of 27 who presented with a pulsating mass (85.19%), 17 of 20 with abnormal local skin temperature (85%), 5 of 6 with bleeding (83.33%), and 5 of 5 patients treated for pain (100%). More than 75% angiographic devascularization was achieved in 18 patients (18/32; 56.25%). Finally, 12 out of 13 patients (92.31%) reduced from Schöbinger Stage III to a lower grade, and ten patients exhibited a complete response (10/32; 31.23%). There was a single serious complication of local necrosis, while neither paranesthesia nor infection was observed postoperatively.ConclusionsEthanol embolization assisted with coils can treat bAVMs effectively and safely. The Yakes classification contributed to the optimal ethanol embolotherapy of bAVMs.

MINM: Marine intelligent netting monitoring using multi-scattering model and multi-space transformation

Marine intelligent net tank aquaculture monitoring plays an important role in improving aquaculture efficiency, environmental monitoring efficiency, and environmental safety. The underwater environment has complex light, often with problems such as scattering and absorption, resulting in poor image quality, making it difficult to accurately analyze and judge the aquaculture environment. Improving marine intelligent net tank aquaculture monitoring has the following three advantages: 1) better observation and monitoring of the aquaculture process, timely detection of problems and abnormalities, to protect the benefits of aquaculture and product quality. 2) more convenient and rapid monitoring of the aquaculture environment, improving monitoring efficiency and reducing monitoring costs. 3) effective monitoring of the underwater environment around the farm, and timely detection of foreign pollution, harmful substances, and other problems, to protect the safety of the aquaculture environment. Therefore, in order to solve the two degradation problems of scattering and absorption in the process of marine smart net farm monitoring, we propose a marine smart net farm monitoring method using multiple scattering models and multiple spatial transformations, called MINM. Specifically, inspired by the image chromatic aberration correction method, we design a color correction method in the multicolor space, which is implemented by using the Lab and RGB color space by performing contrast-constrained adaptive histogram equalization and gray world assumptions, respectively, to correct color shifts in different color models. Based on this, we propose a de-scattering method using a multi-scattering model, which eliminates the effect of scattering on underwater imaging by embedding a complete multi-scattering underwater imaging model to guide the extraction of different features in the multi-scattering model. To obtain more qualified results, we also propose an efficient perceptual fusion to mix the output of the de-scattering and color correction. Thus, our method can take advantage of multiple scattering models and multiple spatial transformations to effectively improve the visual quality of underwater images, producing enhanced results that fit the complete underwater imaging model and have bio-visual characteristics. In extensive experimental demonstrations, our MINM method has shown higher performance than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both visual quality and quantitative metrics. All experimental results and datasets in this paper are available from the following website: https://github.com/An-Shunmin/MINM.

Altered effective connectivity on rapid automatized naming deficits in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia: An rs-fMRI study with Ganger causality analysis

Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is the core defect of developmental dyslexia (DD), requiring collaboration among brain areas to complete. However, it's still unclear which effective connectivity (EC) among brain areas are crucial for RAN deficits in Chinses children with DD. The current study aims to explore the EC among brain areas related to RAN deficits in Chinese children with DD. We recruited 36 Chinese children with DD and 64 typically developing (TD) children aged 8–12 to complete resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Granger causality analysis (GCA) was employed to analysis the EC among brain areas related to RAN, and to calculate the relationship between EC and RAN scores. Compared to TD group, the DD group exhibited significantly decreased EC from left precentral gyrus (PG) to right precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (ACG), left calcarine and right angular, from left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to left calcarine. Additionally, the DD group showed increased EC from right cuneus to left inferior frontal gyrus triangular part (IFGtri). The EC from left PG to left ACG was positively correlated with letters-RAN score. The results showed Chinese children with DD had both defect and compensatory mechanisms for their RAN deficits. The decreased EC output from left PG may be the core problem of the RAN deficits, which may influence the integration of visual-spatial information, attention, memory retrieval, and speech motor in speech production. The current study has important clinic implications for establishing intervention measures targeted brain.

Recursively Generated Spirals

Summary When the angles are changed in the usual algorithm to generate the Koch curve, a wide variety of images may be produced, some of which possess rotational symmetry. One family of such images consists of simple spiral-like images. While there are only two segments in each spiral arm, the number of segments that must be drawn to render a complete image of the spiral grows exponentially with the number of arms in the spiral.

Partial hard occluded target reconstruction of Fourier single pixel imaging guided through range slice

Fourier single pixel imaging utilizes pre-programmed patterns for laser spatial distribution modulation to reconstruct intensity image of the target through reconstruction algorithms. The approach features non-locality and high anti-interference performance. However, Poor image quality is induced when the target of interest is occluded in Fourier single pixel imaging. To address the problem, a deep learning-based image inpainting algorithm is employed within Fourier single pixel imaging to reconstruct partially obscured targets with high quality. It applies a distance-based segmentation method to segment obscured regions and the target of interest. Additionally, it utilizes an image inpainting network that combines multi-scale sparse convolution and transformer architecture, along with a reconstruction network that integrates Channel Attention Mechanism and Attention Gate modules to reconstruct complete and clear intensity images of the target of interest. The proposed method significantly expands the application scenarios and improves the imaging quality of Fourier single pixel imaging. Simulation and real-world experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits the high inpainting and reconstruction capacity in the conditions of hard occlusion and down-sampling.

Metasurface-enabled single-shot and complete Mueller matrix imaging

Metasurface-enabled single-shot and complete Mueller matrix imaging

Abstract PO2-22-06: MRI response Assessment of Single Fraction Pre-operative Stereotactic Radiotherapy: Preliminary results

Abstract Background: Pre-operative stereotactic breast irradiation (SPBI) improves targeting precision and has the potential to decrease treatment-related toxicity while downstaging or eliminating cancer. Accurate pCR prediction may allow omission of surgery. We are reporting initial interim results of the performance of multiparametric breast MRI in identifying pathologic response rate after single-fraction pre-operative SPBI in early stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), HER-2 negative breast cancer. Methods: In an ongoing single center prospective single-arm trial 22 patients with ER+/HER2-negative, cN0, unifocal, invasive breast cancer ≤3 cm underwent single-dose ablative SPBI, followed by definitive surgery per standard of care. Residual disease vs complete imaging response to SPBI was assessed on baseline and post-SPBI/pre-operative breast MRI. Pathologic response was categorized using MDACC Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) Categories. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess the correlation of pathologic complete response (pCR) or RCB status on final path with MRI lesion size, volume, diffusion weighted imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, and when available, presence of residual enhancement on pre-operative MRI. MRI volume and ADC values were obtained using a dedicated CAD software. Area under the receiver operating Curve(AUC) was constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of pre-operative MRI on predicting pathologic response. Results Mean patient age was 64.9 (SD±7.3) years, tumor diameter 1.2(± 0.6) cm, pre-SPBI volume 6.4 ± 9.1 cm3, post SPBI volume 1.8 ± 5.6 cm3, ADC 0.91 ×10-3 mm2/s. At surgical pathology, 6(27.2%) achieved pCR/RCB-0, 9(41%) RCB-I, 7(31.8%) RCB-II. Mean baseline MRI size (1.2 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.6, p=0.88), enhancement volumes (6.0±6.2 vs 7.9±9.9 cm3, p=0.59), DWI ADC values (1.1 ± 0.3 vs 0.9 ± 0.2 mm2/s, p-0.48) were not significantly different between tumors that showed pCR vs RCB I-II at surgical pathology. Time elapsed from SBRT to surgery were significantly longer in patients with pCR (264.3 ± 74.2 vs 183.7 ± 68.3 days, p=0.04) On pre-op MRI, mean enhancement volume was smaller in cancers that had pCR, however it did not reach significance (0.1 ± 0.1 vs 2.1 ± 6.0 cm3, p=0.2). Of 18 patients with available pre-operative MRI, residual enhancement was present in 7, of these 6/7(87%) had RCB I-II, and 1/7(13%) RCB-0 at surgical pathology. Conversely, in 11 patients with no residual enhancement on MRI, pathology showed pCR/RCB-0 in 5(45.5%), while 6(54.5%) had RCB I or II. Presence of residual enhancement on pre-operative MRI had an AUC of 0.68 (95%CI 0.43; 0.93, p=0.2) in predicting residual cancer after SPBI. Conclusion: Detecting residual enhancement on pre-operative MRI is a strong indicator of residual disease after SPBI, while lack of enhancement is not a reliable predictor of pCR. Our preliminary results do not indicate an association between baseline MRI enhancement volume, DWI ADC and pathologic response. Citation Format: Baṣak Dogan, Sunati Sahoo, Marilyn Leitch, Prasanna Alluri, Robert Timmerman, Deborah Farr, Asal Rahimi. MRI response Assessment of Single Fraction Pre-operative Stereotactic Radiotherapy: Preliminary results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-22-06.

The Relationship Between MRI Findings of Posterior Ligamentous Complex and Lumbar Instability in Degenerative Spondylolisthesis.

To determine the factors in posterior ligamentous complex indicating lumbar instability in patients diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent PLIF surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis at our institution between 2018 and 2020 and who had complete eligible preoperative imaging data for review and study, including lumbar MRI and anteroposterior and flexion-extension radiographs. Fifty-three patients were confirmed to have lumbar instability (Unstable Group, 44%), while sixty-seven patients (Stable Group, 56%) did not have instability on radiographs. The patients in the stable group had more advanced status of the degeneration of intervertebral disc than in the unstable group (p<0.05). The degeneration of supraspinous ligament (SSL) was more severe in the unstable group (p<0.05). Compared with the patients with rotatory instability, advanced degeneration of interspinous ligament (ISL) and SSL was observed in patients with translatory instability (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference with regard to the height of the spinous process and the interspinous distance in patients with or without instability. This MRI analysis showed that abnormal segmental motion is closely associated with the pathological characteristics of supraspinal ligament. Advanced degeneration of SSL in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis should raise the suspicion for lumbar instability and additional evaluations. The status of ISL and ligamentum flavum (LF) may not be helpful for the diagnosis of lumbar instability. Functional radiographs combined with MRI may provide valuable information when diagnosing lumbar instability in patients with mechanical back pain.

Biological sex alters the association between cerebral pulsatility and hippocampal volume in cognitively unimpaired adults

Cerebrovascular dysregulation with age contributes to cognitive decline. Age-related changes in intracranial blood flow and cerebral pulsatility are linked with adverse structural changes including white matter hyperintensities. The hippocampus represents a key area for cognition and demonstrates rapid deterioration in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Yet the impact of intracranial blood flow and cerebral pulsatility on hippocampal deterioration in cognitively unimpaired adults remains unclear. Importantly, age-related changes in intracranial blood flow and cerebral pulsatility differ by sex. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that intracranial blood flow is positively associated with hippocampal volume, while cerebral pulsatility is negatively associated with hippocampal volume and that the associations would differ by sex. Cognitively unimpaired adults (388 total, 263 females, 64 ± 8 years of age) completed 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hippocampal volume (mm3) was normalized to intracranial volume and evaluated from T1-weighted images. Intracranial blood flow (mL/min) and cerebral pulsatility (maximum flow − minimum flow/mean flow; a.u.) were evaluated in the internal carotid arteries (ICA), middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and basilar artery from 4D flow MRI. All data are reported for the left side of the brain. Age was negatively associated with hippocampal volume and similar relationships were observed in males (β = -16 ± 3, P &lt; 0.01) and females (β = -17 ± 2, P &lt; 0.01). As such, age was included as a covariate in all models. Blood flow in the ICA, MCA, and basilar artery was not associated with hippocampal volume (all P &gt; 0.37) and there were no flow-by-sex interactions (all P &gt; 0.19). In contrast, cerebral pulsatility was negatively associated with hippocampal volume in a sex and vessel specific manner. ICA pulsatility was associated with hippocampal volume (P = 0.03, β = -183 ± 83) and the relationship did not differ by sex (pulsatility-by-sex interaction: P = 0.19). Basilar artery pulsatility was associated with hippocampal volume in a sex-specific manner (pulsatility-by-sex interaction: P &lt; 0.01) such that there was an association in females (β = -346 ± 63, P &lt; 0.01) but not males (β = 60 ± 92, P = 0.51). A sex-specific relationship (pulsatility-by-sex interaction: P &lt; 0.01) was also observed between MCA pulsatility and hippocampal volume (females: β = -180 ± 54, P &lt; 0.01; males: β = 1 ± 136, P = 0.99). Therefore, elevated cerebral pulsatility is linked with hippocampal deterioration in a sex and vessel specific manner. These findings may provide insights into sex differences in cognitive decline with age and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. This research was funded by NIH grants (R03 AG070469-01 and R03 AG070469-S1; JNB), a Virginia Horne Henry Research Grant (JNB), and a Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Grant (P30-AG062715). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.