Complete Form Research Articles

The application of a non-hydrostatic RANS model for simulating irregular wave breaking on a barred and sloping beach

In the current study, a non-hydrostatic two-dimensional vertical (2DV) numerical model with a shock-capturing technique is developed to simulate irregular wave breaking on a barred beach. The complete form of the 2DV Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations is discretized using the finite volume approach. In the spatial discretization phase, a flux limiter function is employed for the velocity advection terms to prevent non-physical oscillations in regions with steep gradients. A novel method has been introduced during the discretization stage, leading to a significant reduction in computational expenses. For temporal discretization, the Leapfrog method, known for its second-order accuracy in time, is employed to address wave-damping issues. Model validation involves a comparison between simulation results and experimental data pertaining to irregular wave breaking, affirming the satisfactory performance of the model. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was calculated. The assessment showed that the model is capable of estimating the significant wave height reported in the experiments used with an RMSE between 0.002 and 0.089, and the mean wave periods with an RMSE between 0.061 and 0.252.

Sex difference in body image, exercise motivation and social comparison among Instagram users: a cross sectional study.

In the 21 st century, impact of social media, particularly Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has been linked to a wide range of human beliefs and expectations. Growing body of research has indicated that body image concerns along with exercise motivation and social comparison are on the rise among young adults. The present study aimed to examine the sex difference in body image, exercise motivation and social comparison among people who use Instagram in the age group 20-30. A total of 212 participants (men=106, women=106) aged 20-30 years, who are users of Instagram completed Body Self Image Questionnaire Short Form as a measure of Body image, Exercise Motivation Inventory - 2 as a measure of Exercise Motivation and Instagram as a Tool for Social Comparison as a measure of Social Comparison. Results showed that a significant difference in body image exist across gender with body image issues higher among females and significant difference in exercise motivation across gender with exercise motivation higher among males. No sex differences were seen in social comparison. It was concluded that body image concerns are higher among females and the drive for exercise is higher among males who used Instagram. It was found that body image concerns were higher among people who exercised regularly as well as among those who followed fitness related pages on Instagram as compared to those who did not. These results provide an insight into the sex differences between the variables and future directions can be aimed at conducting an in-depth analysis using body image, exercise motivation and social comparison.

Greek Material Clothed in Islamic Garb: Ḥunayn Ibn ‘Isḥāq’s Fī Manāfi’ al-’Adā’

The Greek version of Claudius Galen’s On the Usefulness of the Parts [Περὶ χρησέως μορίων: Peri chrēséōs moríōn], an important book in terms of both the history of medicine and theology, has survived to this day. This work by Galen was translated into Arabic under the name Fī Manāfi’ al-’Adā’ by Ḥunayn Ibn ‘Isḥāq in Baghdad in the 9th century during the translation movement in the Islamic civilization. This article aims to observe the changes Ḥunayn made in the text by generally focusing on specific terms and phrases. Particularly, this will be achieved by comparing the English translation of Galen’s Greek original work with its Arabic translation. And this will be specifically accomplished by drawing attention to Ḥunayn’s method and approach of translation in adapting Galen’s work On the Usefulness of the Parts to Islamic culture. It is clear that the term “Islamic culture” encompasses a vast array of concepts. However, for the purposes of this article, our focus will be on Islam’s robust monotheistic principles, its rejection of pagan notions, and the unique phrases that can be traced back to the Qur’ān. Elvira Wakelnig described this translation approach as a method wherein the “Greek material was clothed in Islamic garb”. The reason for choosing this particular book stems from the fact that its topic is closely related to rational theology and it has arrived to us in a complete form in both its original Greek language as well as in its Arabic translation made by Ḥunayn.

COVID-19 profiles in general practice: a latent class analysis

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) were on the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak. Identifying clinical profiles in COVID-19 might improve patient care and enable closer monitoring of at-risk profiles.ObjectivesTo identify COVID-19...

Role of coproduction in the sustainability of innovations in applied health and social care research: a scoping review

BackgroundInnovations such as toolkits and frameworks are developed through applied health and social care research, to address identified gaps in quality or safety of care. The intention is to subsequently...

Study of reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed forms in a real trichromatic dyeing process by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection.

Detecting the concentration of reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed products is essential for controlling the dyeing process and is an important guide for upgrading and improving textile dyeing technology. In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection was for the first time applied in a real trichromatic dyeing process to provide qualitative and quantitative determination of reactive dyes and their hydrolyzed forms. Here, three original reactive dyes (SES-Cl-red-195, SES-Cl-yellow-145, and SES-Cl-blue-194), their vinyl sulfone forms (VS-Cl-red-195, VS-Cl-yellow-145, and VS-Cl-blue-194), and complete hydrolyzed forms (HES-OH-red-195, HES-OH-yellow-145, and HES-OH-blue-194) could be baseline separated in our developed BGE comprised of 10.0 mol/L Na2B4O7, 15% (V/V) ACN at pH 8.50 that adjusted by 0.50 mol/L H3BO3. The LODs (S/N = 3) of nine analytes ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 mg/L, and high sensitivities were achieved with UV detection. The RSDs of peak area and migration time were in the ranges of 1.4-3.8% and 0.39-1.29%, which indicated the CE methods were reliable for studying different dye forms in complex dye baths, and for evaluating dyeing process quality. Thus, the percentage of dye-uptake in single and trichromatic combination dyes was calculated based on the concentration of the original and their vinyl sulfone and hydrolyzed forms, and the result was consistent with the traditional UV-Vis method.

The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: There is a dearth of meta-analytical studies measuring the durability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate both the effectiveness and durability of MBCT in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: We systematically searched six databases from June 11, 2023 to September 16, 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) of adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision or the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnostic criteria; the treatment group received the complete form of MBCT, whereas the control group received other interventions or treatment as usual; the treatment outcome focused on symptoms of depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers included studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool was applied to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. R 4.2.1 software and the “metafor” package were used to estimate the effect sizes based on mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depressive disorders at baseline and postintervention, and at postintervention and follow-up periods for both the treatment and control groups. Result: A total of 1,470 studies were reviewed, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an overall standardized mean difference of −0.4806 [CI: −0.7185; −0.2428] and −0.3817 [CI: −0.5407; −0.2228] for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively indicating the effectiveness of MBCT. Comparison between postintervention and follow-up or follow-up measurement showed a small and nonsignificant effect size for depression (0.0130 [CI: −0.2109; 0.2369]) and anxiety (0.0198 [CI: −0.0660; 0.1057]), suggesting that recovered symptoms in the treatment group were maintained until the follow-up evaluation. Conclusion: MBCT produces long-term treatment effects in the management of both depressive and anxiety disorders. Protocol preregistration: The current meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and got registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465494).

A numerical validation between the neutron transport and diffusion theories for a spatial kinetics problem

In this paper, a comparative analysis of numerical results of the neutron transport and diffusion theories for steady-state and transient multigroup problems is presented. The neutron transport equation is known as the one that best describes the behavior of the neutron population in a nuclear reactor. However, due to the difficulty of working with its complete form, other models are considered as approximations to this equation. One such approximation is the neutron diffusion equation, which uses the Fick's Law. It is well known, however, that the diffusion model may not work well under specific conditions. The objective of this work is to establish a quantitative comparison of numerical results obtained for the K dominant eigenvalue and for the scalar fluxes from the two theories and to analyze the influence of the model on the results.

Singular Value Decomposition Quantum Algorithm for Quantum Biology.

There has been a recent interest in quantum algorithms for the modeling and prediction of nonunitary quantum dynamics using current quantum computers. The field of quantum biology is one area where these algorithms could prove to be useful as biological systems are generally intractable to treat in their complete form but amenable to an open quantum systems approach. Here, we present the application of a recently developed singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm to two systems in quantum biology: excitonic energy transport through the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex and the radical pair mechanism for avian navigation. We demonstrate that the SVD algorithm is capable of capturing accurate short- and long-time dynamics for these systems through implementation on a quantum simulator and conclude that while the implementation of this algorithm is beyond the reach of current quantum computers, it has the potential to be an effective tool for the future study of systems relevant to quantum biology.

Evaluasi Ketaatan dan Transparansi Pelaporan Dana Kampanye Pemilihan Presiden 2019

In accordance with KPU Regulation Number 3 of 2022, campaign activities for the 2024 presidential election will begin on November 28 2023. The KPU sets administrative requirements regarding campaign funds that must be complied with by all election contestants, including presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs. This research is intended to evaluate compliance and transparency in reporting campaign funds for the 2019 presidential election with the aim of measuring compliance and transparency in reporting campaign funds for the 2019 presidential election which can be used as a benchmark for managing campaign funds in the 2024 presidential election. The results of the research show that several complete accountability forms were not made, and deposits were not made. recorded at the LPPDK, did not create a separate list of donors that did not include identification, reporting of TPS witness funds was not transparent, there were allegations that donations were used outside of campaign funding purposes, and PKPU had not clearly regulated a tiered accountability mechanism. There are difficulties in implementing PKPU Number 24 of 2018 concerning General Election Campaign Funds because reporting is not carried out in stages from district/city to province and center, but the report format is presented according to election administration areas. However, accountability and bookkeeping are carried out centrally by the national campaign team, where revenue and expenditure traffic goes through the RKDK.

Multi-modal recommender system for predicting project manager performance within a competency-based framework.

The evaluation of performance using competencies within a structured framework holds significant importance across various professional domains, particularly in roles like project manager. Typically, this assessment process, overseen by senior evaluators, involves scoring competencies based on data gathered from interviews, completed forms, and evaluation programs. However, this task is tedious and time-consuming, and requires the expertise of qualified professionals. Moreover, it is compounded by the inconsistent scoring biases introduced by different evaluators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically predict competency scores, thereby facilitating the assessment of project managers' performance. Initially, we performed data fusion to compile a comprehensive dataset from various sources and modalities, including demographic data, profile-related data, and historical competency assessments. Subsequently, NLP techniques were used to pre-process text data. Finally, recommender systems were explored to predict competency scores. We compared four different recommender system approaches: content-based filtering, demographic filtering, collaborative filtering, and hybrid filtering. Using assessment data collected from 38 project managers, encompassing scores across 67 different competencies, we evaluated the performance of each approach. Notably, the content-based approach yielded promising results, achieving a precision rate of 81.03%. Furthermore, we addressed the challenge of cold-starting, which in our context involves predicting scores for either a new project manager lacking competency data or a newly introduced competency without historical records. Our analysis revealed that demographic filtering achieved an average precision of 54.05% when dealing with new project managers. In contrast, content-based filtering exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a precision of 85.79% in predicting scores for new competencies. These findings underscore the potential of recommender systems in competency assessment, thereby facilitating more effective performance evaluation process.

'ThinkCancer!': randomised feasibility trial of a novel practice-based early cancer diagnosis intervention.

UK cancer deaths remain high; primary care is key for earlier cancer diagnosis as half of avoidable delays occur here. Improvement is possible through lower referral thresholds, better guideline adherence, and better safety-netting systems. Few interventions target whole practice teams. We developed a novel whole-practice team intervention to address this. To test the feasibility and acceptability of a novel, complex behavioural intervention, 'ThinkCancer!', for assessment in a subsequent Phase III trial. Pragmatic, superiority pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded process evaluation and feasibility economic analysis in Welsh general practices. Clinical outcome data were collected from practices (the unit of randomisation). Practice characteristics and cancer safety-netting systems were assessed. Individual practice staff completed evaluation and feedback forms and qualitative interviews. The intervention was adapted and refined. Trial recruitment and workshop deliveries took place between March 2020 and May 2021. Trial progression criteria for recruitment, intervention fidelity, and routine data collection were met. Staff-level fidelity, retention, and individual level data collection processes were reviewed and amended. Interviews highlighted positive participant views on all aspects of the intervention. All practices set out to liberalise referral thresholds appropriately, implement guidelines, and address safety-netting plans in detail. 'ThinkCancer!' appears feasible and acceptable. The new iteration of the workshops was completed and the Phase III trial has been funded to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this novel professional behaviour change intervention. Delivery at scale to multiple practices will likely improve fidelity and reach.

The use of the Core Yellow Flags Index for the assessment of psychosocial distress in patients undergoing surgery of the cervical spine.

Psychosocial distress (the presence of yellow flags) has been linked to poor outcomes in spine surgery. The Core Yellow Flags Index (CYFI), a short instrument assessing the 4 main yellow flags, was developed for use in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. This study evaluated its ability to predict outcome in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Patients with degenerative spinal disorders (excluding myelopathy) operated in one centre, from 2015 to 2019, were asked to complete the CYFI at baseline and the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) at baseline and 3 and 12months after surgery. The relationship between CYFI and COMI scores at baseline as well as the predictive ability of the CYFI on the COMI follow-up scores were tested using structural equation modelling. From 731 eligible patients, 547 (61.0 ± 12.5years; 57.2% female) completed forms at all three timepoints. On a cross-sectional basis, preoperative CYFI and COMI scores were highly correlated (β = 0.54, in men and 0.51 in women; each p < 0.001). CYFI added significantly and independently to the prediction of COMI at 3months' FU in men (β = 0.36) and 12months' FU in men and women (both β = 0.20) (all p < 0.001). The CYFI had a low to moderate but significant and independent association with cervical spine surgery outcomes. Implementing the CYFI in the preoperative workup of these patients could help refine outcome predictions and better manage patient expectations.

Clinical and cardiac CT characteristics of congenital coronary abnormalities occasionally detected in a middle-aged population: A long-term follow-up study

IntroductionCongenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAA) represent one of the most challenging conditions as their clinical presentation may range from sudden cardiac death to a complete subclinical form. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of cardiac CT (CCT) evaluation in patients with CCAA, focusing on anomalies of origin. Material and methodsThe present is a retrospective analysis of a prospective clinical registry including a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent clinically indicated CCT from January 2007 to October 2015 for suspected but unknown coronary artery disease (CAD) and were diagnosed for having a congenital coronary abnormality compared to a control group matched for age, sex and segment stenosis score (SSS). Dedicated analysis of all CCT was performed for the present study and only coronary anomalies of origin were considered and included in the study. Two different composite end-points were identified for the present analysis: major cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause of death. ResultsAmong the 81 patients with CCAAs enrolled the most frequent anomaly was left main artery absence, which was identified in 41 individuals (50.6%). Forty-five subjects (55.5%) have an anomalous origin of the coronary artery from a different sinus of Valsalva and 45 subjects had also an anomalous course with the retro-aortic being the most common (32%). Eleven participants (13.6%) displayed also an intramural segment, while 10 (10.3%) had a slit-like ostial morphology. At multivariate analysis CT identification of ARCA, anomalous inter-arterial course and abnormal ostial morphology were significantly associated with MACE even when adjusted for age and SSS, without any differences in all-cause mortality between the two groups (6.2% vs 2.4% p ​= ​0.2478). ConclusionThe result of the present study is that CCT can be successfully used to define the anatomy and features of CAA. It suggested that in middle-aged patients, the identification of high risk characteristics at CT may have a prognostic value in term of cardiovascular events occurrence at follow-up even if the rate of events strictly linked to CCAA is low.

Ecological Trait-Based Digital Categorization of Microbial Genomes for Denitrification Potential.

Microorganisms encode proteins that function in the transformations of useful and harmful nitrogenous compounds in the global nitrogen cycle. The major transformations in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and ammonification. The focus of this report is the complex biogeochemical process of denitrification, which, in the complete form, consists of a series of four enzyme-catalyzed reduction reactions that transforms nitrate to nitrogen gas. Denitrification is a microbial strain-level ecological trait (characteristic), and denitrification potential (functional performance) can be inferred from trait rules that rely on the presence or absence of genes for denitrifying enzymes in microbial genomes. Despite the global significance of denitrification and associated large-scale genomic and scholarly data sources, there is lack of datasets and interactive computational tools for investigating microbial genomes according to denitrification trait rules. Therefore, our goal is to categorize archaeal and bacterial genomes by denitrification potential based on denitrification traits defined by rules of enzyme involvement in the denitrification reduction steps. We report the integration of datasets on genome, taxonomic lineage, ecosystem, and denitrifying enzymes to provide data investigations context for the denitrification potential of microbial strains. We constructed an ecosystem and taxonomic annotated denitrification potential dataset of 62,624 microbial genomes (866 archaea and 61,758 bacteria) that encode at least one of the twelve denitrifying enzymes in the four-step canonical denitrification pathway. Our four-digit binary-coding scheme categorized the microbial genomes to one of sixteen denitrification traits including complete denitrification traits assigned to 3280 genomes from 260 bacteria genera. The bacterial strains with complete denitrification potential pattern included Arcobacteraceae strains isolated or detected in diverse ecosystems including aquatic, human, plant, and Mollusca (shellfish). The dataset on microbial denitrification potential and associated interactive data investigations tools can serve as research resources for understanding the biochemical, molecular, and physiological aspects of microbial denitrification, among others. The microbial denitrification data resources produced in our research can also be useful for identifying microbial strains for synthetic denitrifying communities.

On the transformation of values into prices of production apropos of Moseley’s Money and Totality

Mosely’s book provides a vantage point for a critical analysis of the ‘transformation problem’, as it questions the dominant conceptions that reduce the methodological debate to a matter of constructing systems of equations; at the same time, it shares with them the reduction of the methodological question to a matter of interpreting Marx’s texts. Moseley interprets ‘Capital’ as a logical representation composed of a macro theory and a micro theory. The article starts by showing how this approach mutilates the organic unity between social capital and individual capitals. Consequently, focus is placed on Moseley’s presupposition of values as if they were given in prices of production to explain the determination of these same prices, as well as on his exclusion of gold’s exchangeability as a product of capital from the transformation process. The article extends the methodological analysis to the above-mentioned prevailing conceptions and their ideological basis. Next, it shows how they coincide with Moseley’s in the logical inconsistency of assuming that the value of total variable capital and total surplus value appear unchanged in prices of production, although the organic compositions of the spheres that produce their material content differ from the social average. At this point, the real issue is brought forward: it is not about interpreting Marx’s texts in search of a ‘given’ or an ‘invariance postulate’ to construct a model that satisfies them; the point is to follow Marx’s methodological proposal to reproduce by way of thought the concrete determinations that make values take the complete form of prices of production of a certain magnitude. Finally, the article follows this path to demonstrate how, even if the value contents of total variable capital and total surplus value remain quantitatively unchanged, the prices of production in which they necessarily take form will quantitatively differ from those value contents.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation Cystitis: Early Results From the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Our purpose was to determine changes in patient-reported hematuria and urinary symptoms after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment for radiation cystitis (RC). We analyzed prospectively collected data from the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Consortium accumulated within a week of beginning and ending HBO2. Measures included the modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Hematuria Scale, Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form, and EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level instrument. RTOG hematuria and Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form scores were compared using the sign test. Logistic regression was used to evaluate characteristics associated with hematuria improvement. A total of 470 registry patients had RC. The median age, number of HBO2 sessions, and years after radiation were 73 (IQR 12) years, 39 (IQR 10) sessions, and 5 (IQR 8) years, respectively. Eighty-four percent of patients (393/470) had prostate cancer‒related radiation. EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level scores improved from 0.83 (IQR 0.14) to 0.85 (IQR 0.22; P < .001. Three hundred seventy patients had complete RTOG hematuria scores that improved from 2 (IQR 2) to 0 (IQR 2; P < .001. Two hundred forty-six patients had complete Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form ratings that decreased from 33.3 (IQR 44) to 22.2 (IQR 33; P < .001). Regression analysis of those with visible hematuria before HBO2 showed lower improvement odds associated with higher HBO2 hematuria scores (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.73; P < .01), a smoking history (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.92; P = .03), or a nonprostate cancer history (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.99; P = .05). HBO2 for RC improved reported hematuria, urinary function, and quality of life. Higher baseline hematuria scores, smoking, and nonprostate cancer history were associated with lower odds of hematuria improvement.

Some features of intrauterine development of capillaries in the head and neck area

BACKROUND: The development of capillaries in human embryogenesis is a multi-stage process influenced by genetic factors and signaling pathways, which is of interest in studying the mechanisms of vascular bed formation in the prenatal period of human development.&#x0D; AIM: To study the development of capillaries in the embryonic and early fetal periods and determine the morphological prere­quisites leading to the formation of developmental defects.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biomaterial of 50 embryos and fetuses from 4 to 12 weeks was studied. A histological and electron microscopic examination of the specimens was performed in the axial plane at the level of both jaws and neck. The volume fraction of capillaries and muscle fibers in the structure of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was determined. Data on the volume fraction of each component were presented as median and interquartile range. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney methods with Bonferroni correction.&#x0D; RESULTS: At the 4th week, a capillary network began to develop from the mesenchyme, which took on a complete form by the 8th–10th week. The proportion of capillaries increased from the 6th to the 10th week, and by the 12th week it decreased. A statistically significant pattern of changes in the ratio of the proportion of capillaries in muscles with the volume fraction of muscle fibers itself was revealed. As the mass of the muscle fibers themselves increased, the proportion of capillaries in it decreased significantly from 1.92 (1.77; 2)% at 4–6 weeks of embryogenesis to 0.25 (0.23; 0.26)% at 10–12 weeks.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The critical period for the development of capillaries is the intrauterine period from the 4th to the 12th week of development, when in the structure of muscles as an organ, the vascular component first prevails over the muscular component itself, and then sharply decreases.

Perception and Acceptance of the Newly Introduced COVID-19 Precaution (THIRD) Vaccination Dose among Health Workers at an Indian Medical College.

India has run a nationwide vaccination campaign against COVID-19, which has recently introduced a precaution (third) dose for health workers. This study assessed the perception and attitude of health workers toward the Indian vaccination campaign against COVID-19, with an emphasis on this major change. A printed questionnaire was distributed among health-care workers at the Medical College of West Bengal. The completed forms were analyzed. Most of the participants were doctors (83.7%). Although all had received two doses of vaccine before, 44.4% were unwilling to be vaccinated with the third dose in the present scenario. The majority (63.8%) of the patients were concerned about side effects. The emergence of new COVID strains (65.6%) was viewed as a threat to the effectiveness of the vaccines. Participants with higher age, comorbidities, and those with the perception that the third dose was being introduced appropriately and would be effective against newer strains of the vaccine tended to be more willing to get vaccinated with the precaution dose compared to their counterparts. A dilemma regarding the acceptance of precaution doses was noted among health workers. This warrants the availability of more comprehensive information to increase acceptance of these vaccines.

Assesment of Patients' Basic Knowledge and Concerns About Anesthesia: A survey study

Background/Aim: This survey study aimed to investigate the knowledge and concerns of patients about anesthesia in the preoperative period. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18 to 65, with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification 1-2, were included in the study. Patients who come to the anesthesia outpatient clinic in the preoperative period were asked to complete survey forms. Results: It was observed that 47% of patients aged 60 and older had previous experiences with anesthesia (p=0.01). When the responses to the question "Do you know why you came to the anesthesia outpatient clinic?" were examined by age groups, it was found that 70% of patients aged 18-30, 70% of patients aged 31-60, and 29% of patients aged 60 and older did not know why they came to the anesthesia outpatient clinic (p=0.004). It was determined that as the level of education increased, the knowledge level about anesthesia increased and the level of concern decreased. Furthermore, it was found that as the socioeconomic status increased, the knowledge level about anesthesia increased. Conclusion: It was determined that the level of education and socioeconomic status were factors affecting the level of anesthesia knowledge. Furthermore, it was found that the level of concern related to anesthesia was also associated with the level of education.