Complete Disaster Research Articles

Intercultural and Deliberative Disaster Ethics in Volcanic Eruptions

The objectives of this article are (i) to identify the most challenging ethical dilemmas and questions arising from the experiences of communities and professionals affected by or involved in volcanic eruptions, including risk management, the dissemination of information, and tourism; and (ii) to provide arguments for intercultural ethics to address these dilemmas. Intercultural ethics provide invaluable resources to disaster ethics across all three phases of the complete disaster management cycle. In this article, intercultural ethics is viewed as an ethics grounded in ongoing dialogue, facilitating the examination and establishment of norms and a critical reflection on values and their evolution. This approach recognizes power dynamics that may influence fair participation in dialogues and aims to address them, while also integrating elements of deliberative ethics to ensure that dialogues genuinely contribute to legitimizing decisions. Intercultural sensibility helps bridge the gap between experts and non-experts in both directions (a) by emphasizing the duty of transferring scientific knowledge (for experts) and the responsibility of acquiring scientific literacy (for citizens); and (b) by highlighting the importance of a ‘knowledge dialogue’ that acknowledges the non-scientific knowledge of citizens, rooted in their cultural background and experiences of dealing with past disasters, and shaping life in volcanic territories.

‘Tankography’ of the first battle of Bullecourt: archival sources as tools to locate battlefield sites of tank wrecks

ABSTRACT This article uses archival resources to investigate the material remains of tank warfare at Bullecourt. During the Battle of Arras, tanks were used to assist the British 1917 Spring Offensive. The first assault at Bullecourt was a complete disaster and in addition to the high infantry casualties, the majority of the tanks employed were destroyed on the battlefield. The action of the tanks, their routes and final positions in the landscape has often been neglected because accurate sources are limited. This article incorporates tankography viz. combining unit war diaries, contemporary historical aerial and ground photographs, and soldier’s testimonies to determine the spatial distribution and possible sites for locating material remains of the derelict tanks.

Marketing Calves with Blemishes

Selling these calves with blemishes or color differences could improve your profit if you follow some of the recommended steps. However, it could also be a complete disaster, unless you understand the risks and work to reduce them. Traditionally, about one-half the value of beef is added after cattle leave the farm. Keeping those calves on the farm longer gives you the chance to retain more of the income for the same calf. Most calves with blemishes or differences in color won’t affect their quality of meat if fed right.

Grotesque Faces and Masks of Sherwood Anderson's Characters

The purpose of the presented publication is critical analysis, interpretation and connotative searches of the novels of a great American writer Sherwood Anderson. From this point of view, the work discusses Anderson's short, plotless novels and their composition. Writer's writing style, environment, criticism of the era, crisis of culture and art, philosophical and psychological topics are shown as well. The architectonics of Sh. Anderson's novels is solid, concise and capacious. They contain the most important fragments of human existence, sometimes the entire history. Sh. Anderson comprehends present time, difficult existential environment with all intensity. Anderson's protagonist characters compete with time, era, degraded system and authoritarian regime. They are characters out of the time stream. The writer's tragic faces and masks create the reality of the era. Capitalist values ​​and worldview destroy and enslave people with high ideal principles and values. Anderson's characters are victims of violence, harsh realities of capitalism, and pressures of society. They are most worried about the scarcity of human resources and the lack of humanity. A complete disaster of Anderson's characters is caused due to idleness and loneliness. The characters, who are broken from life, talk to us about the unbearable reality. All these are convulsions of an intolerant epoch. Discursive thinking, connotative searches, interpretation, meditations, multi-dimensionality of thought, critical analysis, judgment, confrontation, understanding of metaphors and symbols, methodological searches follow the presented texts.

EfficientNet-B0 Model for Face Mask Detection Based on Social Information Retrieval

The world was introduced to the term coronavirus at the end of 2019, following which everyone was thrown into stress and anxiety. The pandemic has been a complete disaster, wreaking devastation and resulting in a significant loss of human life throughout the world. The governments of various countries have issued guidelines and protocols to be followed for stopping the surge in cases (i.e., wearing masks). Amidst all this chaos, the only weapon is technology. So, the detection of face masks is important. The authors utilized a dataset that included images of individuals in society wearing and not wearing masks. They gathered the information required to train a model by using deep networks like EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, and InceptionV3. With EfficientNet-B0, they have been able to achieve an accuracy of 99.70% on a two-class classification issue. These methods make face mask detection easier and help in knowledge discovery. These technological breakthroughs may aid in information retrieval as well as help society and guarantee that such a healthcare disaster does not occur again.

Clare Bakewell

"I'm always in a good mood when I get a really nice crystal structure. I think for an inorganic chemist, this never gets old … My first experiment was probably a complete disaster. And that's fine. Learning to cope with failure is an important part of research …" Find out more about Clare Bakewell in her Introducing … Profile.

Stretching resilience and adaptive transport systems capacity in South Africa: Imperfect or perfect attempts at closing COVID -19 policy and planning emergent gaps

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a new wave of health, infrastructure and built environment challenges and opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic induced environment presents a divide between the “new and old normal” with policy and planning implications for health, transport and general socio-economic growth and development. Multiple and complex nuanced transport matters cascade all geographic scales and pervade all sectors of the economy. The extent to which existing transport systems capacities are resilient, adaptive, and optimized for complete disaster planning, management and sustainability is questioned. This paper critically reviews how the COVID-19 pandemic has stretched the resilience and adaptive transport systems capacities in South Africa. A critical question interrogated is whether on-going policy and planning interventions constitute imperfect or perfect attempts at closing COVID -19 policy and planning emergent gaps. The paper makes use of South Africa as a case study, referencing the Disaster Management Act (No. 57 of 2002) and logical Disaster Management Act: Regulations relating to COVID-19 (Government Notice 318 of 2020),11As amended from time to time i.e., Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No. 57 of 2002), having declared a national state of disaster published by Government Notice No 313 of 15 March 2020, and extended by Government Notices Nos 646 of 5 June 2020. 765 of 13 July 2020, 889 of 15 August 2020, 995 of 14 September 2020, 1090 of 14 October 2020, 1225 of 14 November 2020 and 1341 of 11 December 2020, No. R. 15 of 13 January 2021 and No. R69 of 1 February 2021. with specific reference to the transport sector lockdown regulations in unravelling policy and planning implications. Drawing from the complex systems adaptive theory (CSAT), sustainability theory (ST), innovation theory (IT), transitions theory (TT), thematic COVID -19 transport planning and policy adaptation, mitigation measures in the South African transportation sector are discussed. Emergent lessons with respect to developing and advancing a new generation of resilient, adaptive, and optimized transport proof infrastructure and services including revising transport and related policies that navigates through various waves and cycles of induced pandemic and shocks is suggested.

The Spatial Optimization of Emergency Shelters Based on an Urban-Scale Evacuation Simulation

As an important space for disaster prevention, the construction of emergency shelters is crucial for the creation of a complete disaster relief facility network. Based on the goal of the prevention of day and night disaster, short-term fixed shelters are taken as the study object of the present work, and models are designed for evacuation simulation and the spatial optimization of shelters. According to the simulation, 680 of the 2334 demand points were found to be incompletely evacuated, and the average time for everyone to be evacuated was 10.3 min. Moreover, of the 888 short-term fixed shelters, only 218 did not reach their maximum capacity. In the context of short-term fixed sheltering, Haizhu was found to have the largest number of non-evacuated people (1.11 million), and the average number of non-evacuated people in Yuexiu was the largest (2184). According to the spatial optimization data of the shelters, the numbers of target plots for new shelter resources that must be added in Haizhu, Yuexiu, Liwa, and Tianhe are 406, 164, 141, and 136, respectively, the effective shelter areas of which are 2,621,100, 2,175,300, 812,100, and 1,344,600 m2, respectively. A total of 487 short-term fixed shelters and 360 temporary shelters were newly added, and the recommended scales for Haizhu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Yuexiu were 243, 70, 58, and 116, respectively, with average effective areas of 6169 m2, 5577 m2, 8707 m2, and 12,931 m2, respectively. Additionally, the recommended scales of newly added temporary shelters in Haizhu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Yuexiu are 163, 71, 78, and 48, with an average effective area of 2706, 2581, 4017, and 6234 m2, respectively. These findings provide a direct quantitative basis for the spatial optimization of various types of emergency shelters, and the method proposed in this paper supports the planning and layout of emergency shelters, as well as the improvement of the efficiency of urban resource allocation.

Socio-Economic Characterisation of Resettled Smallholder Farmers in Rural Zimbabwe

The socio-economic characterisation of resettled small-holder farmers under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe has blind spots in relation to the emergent transformative social policy features such as ‘social cohesion’, ‘cooperation’, ‘protection’ and ‘accumulation’ which are equally important among land beneficiaries. Using the Sangwe farm, this article departs from the conventional use of the political economy, sustainable livelihoods, human rights-based and neo-patrimonial approaches to experiment with the transformative social policy approach. Using both quantitative and qualitative data in an exploratory research design, the article shows that viewed from the transformative social policy approach, the FTLRP was neither a resounding success nor a complete disaster. The programme actually produced mixed results. The article thus, recommends the use of in-depth, ideologically free and neutral approaches in its analysis so as to reveal its detailed outcomes. Additional studies in which existing land reform policies can be considered in the collective efforts of improving the transformative agenda of the FTLRP across the country are needed.

A suitability visualisation method for flood fusion 3D scene guided by disaster information

ABSTRACT Enhancing the visualisation of floods is essential for users to understand disaster information. However, existing flood visualisation methods have some deficiencies like scarce scene content expression and difficulty obtaining disaster information quickly and lacked a semantic description of the disaster scenes. This study presents constraint rules of flood disaster scene modelling guided by disaster information to determine the disaster’s content and correlation. We created a disaster fusion expression model to obtain the complete flood disaster scene which integrated basic geography scene, flood space-time process and disaster object models. Finally, we proposed a dynamic suitability visualisation method for the flood scene to increase the readability of disaster information. We applied the proposed model in the Danba County flood in Sichuan Province, China, to validate the model’s performance effectiveness. The finding shows the variation range of flow velocity and flood depth at different monitoring points at a specific time, and also shows the disaster level of disaster objects in the study area. It indicates that the proposed method can effectively realise the fusion of 3D disaster scenes and the dynamic suitability visualisation of floods and help users understand floods quickly and get useful disaster information.

The Relationship between Perceptions of the Availability of Hospital Facilities and Infrastructure to the Level of Fire Disaster Preparedness among Clinical Clerkship Students in Zainoel Abidin Hospital

Clinical clerkship students are one of the communities who are always in the hospital environment and have been provided with fire disaster management materials through training and simulations. The hospital has provided complete fire disaster management facilities and infrastructure. However, the problem is that there is no information about clinical clerkship student preparedness for fire disasters in hospitals. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between perceptions of the availability of hospital facilities and infrastructure to the level of fire disaster preparedness among clinical clerkship students in the Zainoel Abidin Hospital. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was the clinical clerkship students of the Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, who were taken by proportional stratified random sampling, totaling 117 people. The data was collected using an online questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results showed that the clinical clerkship student had a good perception regarding facilities and infrastructure in the hospital (68.4%), while the attitude of preparedness to face fire disasters in the hospital showed a high level (80.3%). The Chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between the clinical clerkship student perception regarding facilities and infrastructure in hospitals and fire disaster preparedness (p = 0,000). The conclusion of this study showed that the good perceptions of clinical clerkship students about the availability of fire disaster management facilities and infrastructure increase fire disaster preparedness in the hospital. This study recommends the importance of training and fire disaster management simulation to be continuously carried out on clinical clerkship students to improve the quality of disaster preparedness communities.

Role of Education in Shaping Preparedness for Disasters in Albania

Education system is much affected by the challenges imposed by disasters. Disasters affect both demand and supply side of education. During a disaster event, the less developed communities are the ones who bear the highest costs of a damaged environment, and this affects also education provision. These impacts affect the quality of education and jeopardize the security of students and teachers involved in the process of teaching and learning. This article will focus on the importance of disaster risk communication and perception, in the context of implementing a complete disaster management cycle. In particular, attention will be paid to the impacts and role of education, as an important tool for risk communication, emphasized in both research and practice. The methodology the paper includes both desk research and primary data collection. The needs of implementing disaster risk studies in higher education institutions is thoroughly assessed. The past experience with inter-disciplinary studies in the Balkan Region and in Albania is summarized. In-depth interviews are in addition conducted to support our study. Accordingly, conclusion on the needs to develop and integrate disaster studies in current curricula in Higher Education in Albania are elaborated.
 
 Received: 1 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021

Analysis on the Dead Zones of Disaster Management Following Urban Characteristics

To reduce the property and life damages caused by the hazards, it is critical to develop an integrated and complete Disaster Management Information System (DMIS) to identify potential dead zones of disaster management based on urban characteristics. An ideal DMIS should integrate GIS tools with internet technology, dynamic hazard modeling and graphical user interface, and operate through the four phases of disaster management including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Disaster prevention and hazard response system have been actively studied in many developed countries such as Taiwan, but there is still a need of an integrated information system to better and faster implement the results of the system to the real practices. I n this paper, we f irst described the system framework in Taiwan using GIS and internet technology and then suggested a decision support system for emergency response within the framework identifying dead zones which could be implemented in South Korea. This system is designed to integrate the real-time monitoring data with dynamic hazard models and GUIs to provide disaster management decision support tools for emergency response, which could be useful for policy making in the future.

Disaster Management of Tibet by the Central Government in the Qing Dynasty -- A Research Perspective Based on Big Data

Since ancient times, Tibet has been an area prone to natural disasters, especially in the Qing Dynasty, which is the peak period of various natural disasters. In order to reduce the harm of disasters in Tibet, the majority of officials and civilians in Tibet have set up a relatively complete disaster control mechanism. Through the study of disaster management in Tibet in the Qing Dynasty, the historical significance of this mechanism is revealed, and the practical role of disaster management in Tibet in the current era of big data is provided for reference.

Conflict Analysis of Forest and Land Fires in Implementing Collaborative Governance on Disaster Management in Kalimantan Indonesia

This research combines the ontological and sociological levels of implementing collaborative governance that is very significant in reducing the risk of natural disasters in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be examined by conducting descriptive qualitative research. The research is based on public policy theory, collaborative governance theory, and conflict theory. Data were collected using the in-depth interview with several key informants, direct observation, and related documentation. Data were analyzed using interactive models in three steps: data reduction, data display, and data verification supported by triangulation to obtain better credibility. The results were based on ontology, epistemology, and sociology by empowering the collaborative governance theory and conflict theory in Indonesia's forest and land fires disaster. Vision and mission of public policies related to forest and land fires disaster are needed to complete disaster prevention management by providing relevant information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions. The results were produced a revised and detailed relevant regulation and state agencies as public officials in making revised regulations on forest and land fires disaster and natural disaster in Indonesia. The results of this research should be improved related to the forest and land disaster management policies. The researchers suggested that state institutions should cover the collaborative governance of natural disaster reduction in making better regulations on natural disaster management in Indonesia.

Design and Development of High-Performance Intelligent Disaster Management System in IoT Paradigm A Novel Architecture and Review on Challenges in real time Hazards Monitoring

In recent years India is suffering from various natural disaster which have great effect on social life of people and large burden on disaster management authority. The high frequency disaster causes a serious loss of property, life and present more complex damage. Disaster management involves the detailed process of disaster response. A High-Performance Intelligent Disaster Management System can realize the complete disaster avoidance and reduction from satellite mission planning, data production, data acquisition, with the application of remote sensing and managing integrated rapid service. The main objective of proposed work is to overcome the limitations of disaster management with a novel design and development of IoT based platform for the application of disaster management system.

Disaster management using D2D communication with ANFIS genetic algorithm-based CH selection and efficient routing by seagull optimisation

The next generation networks and public safety strategies in communications are at a crossroads in order to render best applications and solutions. There are three major challenges and problems considered here, they are: 1) disproportionate disaster management scheduling among bottom-up and top-down strategies; 2) greater attention on the disaster emergency reaction phase and the absence of management in the complete disaster management series; 3) arrangement deficiency of a long-term reclamation procedure, which results in stakeholder resilience and low level community. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed for disaster management. A hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference network-based genetic algorithm (D2D ANFIS-GA) is used for selecting cluster head and for the efficient routing seagull optimisation algorithm (SOA). Implementation is done in the MATLAB platform. The performance metrics such as energy utilisation, average battery lifetime, battery lifetime probability, average residual energy, delivery probability, overhead ratio are monitored. Experimental results are compared with the existing approaches, Epidemic and Finder. According to the experimental results our proposed approach gives better results.

The influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID-19 rescue task on the professional identity among Chinese nurses: A qualitative study.

AimsTo explore the influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID‐19 rescue task on professional identity among Chinese nurses from a qualitative method perspective.BackgroundProfessional identity of nurses is not static and easily affected by many factors. The COVID‐19 epidemic brings the tremendous physical and psychological challenges for rescue nurses. At present, there are limited data on the influence of rescue experiences on the nurses’ professional identity.MethodsThis study used a face‐to‐face interview with semi‐structured questions to learn about the influence of rescue experiences on the professional identity of nurses. Purposeful sampling was used to collect participants (n = 14), and interview data were analysed following the Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe ‘impression of exhaustion and fear’, ‘feeling the unfairness’, ‘perceiving incompetence in rescue task’ and ‘unexpected professional benefits’ were the main factors affecting the professional identity of rescue nurses.ConclusionThe present study showed that special attention and targeted support measures should be provided to improve the professional identity of rescue nurses.Implications for Nursing ManagementNurse managers should make a post‐epidemic recovery plan to help nurses to improve the professional identity. Designed education programmes and complete disaster response system should be developed to deal with infection disease in the future.

Research on Medical Image Storage and Retrieval System Based on Hadoop

With the Continuous Improvement of Medical Information, the Continuous Development of Image Processing Technology and the Continuous Upgrading of Hospital Image Acquisition Equipment, Medical Image Detection Has Become More and More Reliable and Effective, Becoming an Important Basis for Doctors’ Diagnosis. Now Large Hospitals Use the Combination of Radiology Information Management System and Image Archiving and Communication System to Store and Access Patients’ Images. with the Establishment of Regional Image Sharing and Cooperation Platform, the Online - Near Line - Offline Storage Strategy Adopted by the Traditional Image Archiving and Communication System Can No Longer Meet the Needs of Mass Image Data Storage. in the Retrieval of Mass Image Data, the Relational Database Used by the Image Archiving and Communication System is Inefficient in Reading the Image on the Scale of Mass Data, and the Existing Image the Archive and Communication System Lacks Complete Data Backup and Disaster Recovery Scheme. This Paper Analyses the Feasibility, Advantages and Problems to Be Solved of Using Hdfs to Store Massive Medical Image Files, and Studies How to Realize the Function of Precise Access and Range Access Provided by Pacs Efficiently in Hadoop.

An ontology-based framework for heterogeneous data management and its application for urban flood disasters

Data are the foundation of urban storm and flood disaster management and research; therefore, the question of how to improve the efficiency of data management and service systems has become the central issue in the field of urban flood disasters. In this study, a data management framework for urban flood disasters was established on the basis of ontology engineering in order to analyze heterogeneous data collected from different sources. Based on the ontology framework, the concepts of data were extracted and classified, and the relationships between these concepts were also identified and determined. On the basis of the proposed framework, the complete and comprehensive flood disaster information for Zhengzhou City could be queried and retrieved. Finally, the impact indices of the factors influencing flood disasters were calculated using this ontology-based framework; thus, the factors that have the greatest impact on flood disasters were determined. The results show that rainfall duration and intensity have the greatest impact on flood disasters with impact indices of 0.99 and 0.93, respectively, while river density and slope have less influence, with an impact index not exceeding 0.1. The results provide a basis for the flood disaster data management and its application.