Complete Conceptual Framework Research Articles

Mental programming of spatial sequences in working memory in the macaque frontal cortex.

How the brain mentally sorts a series of items in a specific order within working memory (WM) remains largely unknown. We investigated mental sorting using high-throughput electrophysiological recordings in the frontal cortex of macaque monkeys, who memorized and sorted spatial sequences in forward or backward orders according to visual cues. We discovered that items at each ordinal rank in WM were encoded in separate rank-WM subspaces and then, depending on cues, were maintained or reordered between the subspaces, accompanied by two extra temporary subspaces in two operation steps. Furthermore, the cue activity served as an indexical signal to trigger sorting processes. Thus, we propose a complete conceptual framework, where the neural landscape transitions in frontal neural states underlie the symbolic system for mental programming of sequence WM.

Investigating Competing Inner‐ and Outer‐Sphere Electron‐Transfer Pathways in Copper Photoredox‐Catalyzed Atom‐Transfer Radical Additions: Closing the Cycle

This integrated computational and experimental study comprehensively examines the viability of competing inner‐sphere electron transfer (ISET) and outer‐sphere electron transfer (OSET) processes in [Cu(dap)2]+‐mediated atom‐transfer radical additions (ATRA) of olefins and CF3SO2Cl that can deliver both R–SO2Cl and R–Cl products. Five sterically‐ and electronically‐varied representative alkenes were selected from which to explore and reconcile the range of experimentally observed outcomes. Findings are consistent with photoexcited [Cu(dap)2]+ initiating photoelectron transfer via ISET and the subsequent regeneration of the oxidized catalyst via single‐electron transfer in the ground state via ISET to close the catalytic cycle and liberate products. R–SO2Cl/R–Cl product ratios appear to be primarily governed by the relative rates of direct catalyst regeneration {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + R•} and ligand exchange {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + Cl– }. Through this work, a more consistent and more complete conceptual framework has been developed to better understand this chemistry and how catalyst regeneration occurs. It is this important ground state process, which closes the catalytic cycle, and ultimately controls the enantioselectivity of ATRA reactions employing chiral copper photocatalysts

Investigating Competing Inner- and Outer-Sphere Electron-Transfer Pathways in Copper Photoredox-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Additions: Closing the Cycle.

This integrated computational and experimental study comprehensively examines the viability of competing inner-sphere electron transfer (ISET) and outer-sphere electron transfer (OSET) processes in [Cu(dap)2]+-mediated atom-transfer radical additions (ATRA) of olefins and CF3SO2Cl that can deliver both R-SO2Cl and R-Cl products. Five sterically- and electronically-varied representative alkenes were selected from which to explore and reconcile the range of experimentally observed outcomes. Findings are consistent with photoexcited [Cu(dap)2]+ initiating photoelectron transfer via ISETand the subsequent regeneration of the oxidized catalyst via single-electron transfer in the ground state via ISETto close the catalytic cycle and liberate products. R-SO2Cl/R-Cl product ratios appear to be primarily governed by the relative rates of direct catalyst regeneration {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + R•} and ligand exchange {i.e., [Cu(dap)2SO2Cl]•+ + Cl- }. Through this work, a more consistent and more complete conceptual framework has been developed to better understand this chemistry and how catalyst regeneration occurs. It is this important ground state process, which closes the catalytic cycle, and ultimately controls the enantioselectivity of ATRA reactions employing chiral copper photocatalysts.

Electromagnetic forces and their finite element computation

AbstractThis paper introduces the concepts of differential geometry that are necessary to establish a systematic definition for electromagnetic forces by means of a natural thermodynamic approach. It is shown that standard electromagnetic force formulae used in finite element computational electromagnetism are particular instances of that general approach. Finally, the paper offers a complete conceptual framework, as well as a mathematical toolbox, to derive electromagnetic force formulae for multi‐physics finite element models with complex materials.

Electronic Marketing in the Small and Medium-Sized Firms in Developing Countries- Evidence from Saudi Arabia Kingdom

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the acceptance and usage of E-marketing in small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) running in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, which of them is the most important, and develop a complete conceptual framework to realize utilization of E-marketing in Saudi SMEs. A questionnaire consisting of (41) statements was developed to collect and analyse data using the SPSS program. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis was used. It reached some results, the most important of which are: The independent’s variables (environmental context, technical context, organizational context, and managerial context) as a whole explain approximately(93%) 0f the variance in E-marketing adoption(dependent variable) and (7%) due to other variables. The managerial context group is the most influential in E-marketing adoption and the Complexity dimension has a negative effect.

Principles of a healthy neighbourhood for sustainable development and social well-being: A review paper

Since the 1920s, the notion of a neighbourhood has been studied and implemented. Many modern neighbourhood concepts have been developed and implemented, including green, sustainable, liveable, quality, new urbanism, and safe, compact neighbourhoods. Recent advancements in the notion of neighbourhood are aimed at creating a healthy neighbourhood. As a result, this study undertakes a thorough review of the literature in order to synthesise existing framework knowledge in terms of healthy neighbourhood aims, elements, and principles, as well as the framework and model employed in prior research. From 1999 until the present, a search was conducted to collect only suitable models or frameworks in general, with the inclusion criteria of no time, global, and English language. The keywords healthy neighbourhood, liveable neighbourhood, and sustainable neighbourhood were found in 51 publications or journals. All titles and abstracts were evaluated for the aims, elements, and principles of a healthy neighbourhood in connection to sustainable development and social well-being. After filtering all relevant key terms, only 28 articles were discovered to be relevant and closed related in developing the conceptual framework for this study. Following a comprehensive check on the relevant phrases, this study used a snowball method to acquire the necessary publications. The prior theoretical and modelling paradigm was primarily concerned with sustainable development and social well-being. The researcher will employ three aspects and eight principles to create a complete conceptual framework for healthy neighbourhoods. The conceptual framework will be utilised and evaluated in the future for holistic healthy neighbourhoods. Keywords: Elements, healthy neighbourhood, principles, purposes, social well-being, sustainable development

Conceptualizing the Determinants of Chinese circular economy: Environmental Supply Chain Cooperation as a Moderator

With an emphasis on the moderating function that environmental supply chain cooperation plays, the goal of this study is to provide a complete conceptual framework of the causes of the circular economy in China. An approach that is based on a literature review is used to discover and summarize the various research that have been conducted on the subject. After that, this information is combined into the building of a conceptual model in order to highlight the primary elements that influence China's acceptance and execution of circular economy methods. Elements that are institutional, technological, economic, and social have been combined into the model that has been provided. Additionally, this research investigates the role that collaboration within environmental supply chains can play as a moderating factor in the relationship between the previously mentioned components and the Chinese circular economy. According to the findings, environmental supply chain cooperation plays a crucial role in supporting the adoption and implementation of circular economy practices in China by encouraging collaboration and coordination among a wide variety of stakeholders. This helps to ensure that circular economy practices are successfully adopted and implemented. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to fortify the partnerships that exist within the environmental supply chain. Overall, the study offers a solid theoretical foundation for further investigation, as well as a set of practical implications for Chinese policymakers and practitioners who are working to advance the circular economy agenda.
 

Gamification in higher education: The ECOn+ star battles

Gamification is a thriving technique that has attracted attention in higher education. Despite the increasing number of studies published in recent years, the problem is that the relationships between gamification and students' knowledge, engagement and satisfaction have not yet been theoretically and empirically explored in the same piece of research in the literature. As an added value to the literature, our study provides, for the first time, a complete conceptual framework for the implementation of a global gamification strategy in higher education, which leads to an improvement in the teaching-learning process -The 8-Pointed Higher Education Gamification Star-. This conceptual framework is concretized in a detailed gamified instructional activity -The ECOn+ Star Battles-ready to be replicated in any other higher education context that would be interested in adopting it. Furthermore, our research is supported by a quantitative analysis based on the PLS-SEM data analysis technique proposing The Higher Education Gamification Measurement Scale-HEGx+ and providing statistically significant results that shed light on the influence of gamification on students' knowledge, engagement and satisfaction. Our results conclude that gamification directly influences students' engagement and knowledge. At the same time, gamification does not directly affect students' satisfaction; it indirectly affects it through knowledge and engagement. These results are particularly relevant in a gamified instructional design in higher education where without student satisfaction, gamification and the advantages it can bring to the teaching-learning process are not sustainable in the long term.

Conceptualising public mental health: development of a conceptual framework for public mental health

BackgroundNumerous determinants have been linked to public mental health; however, they have not been brought together in a comprehensive conceptual framework. The goal of this work was to bring together academic research, practitioner expertise, and public perspectives to create a public mental health conceptual framework.MethodsThe development process proceeded in four stages. First, we identified a comprehensive list of potential determinants through a state-of-the-art academic literature review, grey literature review, and created mind maps created by peer researchers. Next, we conducted in-person workshops, consultations, and an online survey with academics, practitioners, policy makers, and members of the public to review the potential determinants, nominate additional determinants, and prioritise determinants by importance for understanding public mental health. This iterative process resulted in the final list of determinants contained in the framework. We then conducted rapid reviews to define each determinant and to identify key research, interventions, and resources. Finally, we worked with a design team to visualise the conceptual framework as an online tool and printable infographic.ResultsWe found substantial overlap between sources reflecting a shared understanding of the key drivers of public mental health. The unique determinants that emerged from each data source highlighted the importance of using multiple sources to create a comprehensive model. 72 potential determinants were prioritised through stakeholder consultations, resulting in a final list of 55 determinants and organised into four levels: individual, family, community, and structural.ConclusionsThis is the most complete conceptual framework for public mental health to date, bringing together academic research, policy and practitioner views, and lived experience perspectives. The co-production processes and tools we used provides a template for researchers looking to include multiple perspectives in their research.The conceptual framework draws together current knowledge on each determinant, but also highlights areas where further research is needed to better understand the relationship between each factor and mental health, which can inform the research agenda. This online tool and infographic can be used by practitioners to identify interventions for promoting mental health, and by the general public as a resource to increase awareness of the broad factors which shape public mental health.

THE MICRO PPM POLICY FOR MICRO SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) PERFORMERS AT THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (A CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY)

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted not only the business performance of the large business sector but also has implications for the MSME sector. This research was conducted to develop the concept of the meaning of the Micro PPM Policy among MSME actors in the city of Malang under the values, ideas, and business practices carried out by MSME actors. Besides looking for a "cultural theme" related to the implications of Micro PPM policy, this effort also aims to incorporate values originating from the business philosophy of MSME actors in managing their business to create a complete conceptual framework regarding the impact of implementing Micro PPM policies. PPM policies. The research method uses descriptive qualitative, based on the philosophy of postpositivism in which the researcher acts as a key instrument in this research. The PPM Micro policy is considered to be lacking in providing solutions to the problems faced by MSMEs during the pandemic. Discrimination in terms of distribution of aid funds. Some MSME owners feel they do not need to provide data as a requirement because those who receive aid funds are not those who have already filled in the data but certain MSMEs that government officials have appointed

Design and Validation of an Instrument for Evaluating Training and Education for Health and Proper Use of Vaccines "VACUNASEDUCA".

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the design and validation of a questionnaire, to study the importance of vaccines in the health of children. It is based on the analysis of a complete conceptual framework, considering the factors that show the current situation of vaccines, in the context of education for health and coexistence on the international scene. One thousand subjects from 76 countries participated in the study. The validity of the questionnaire was carried out with 15 experts, resulting in a content validity index (IVC) for each high dimension, with the mean IVC being the questionnaire with a Fleiss’ kappa result of 0.96. The process led to a final design consisting of 12 items. The statistic used to identify the degree of consistency in the estimates and calculate the value of the match between the evaluators was the index Fleiss’ kappa, which yielded an overall result of 0.57, which was considered moderate. The results obtained make it possible to conclude that the VACUNASEDUCA questionnaire is valid for understanding the status of vaccines, the importance of teacher training on health prevention, and the influence of student vaccination on the health of peers and teachers, from a gender perspective.

Multifaceted Stereoselectivity in Polyatomic Reactions.

Stereoselectivity or stereorequirement refers to the enhancement of chemical reactivity resulting from the preferential alignment/orientation of the colliding reactants. This concept is deeply embodied in the pre-exponential A-factor of the Arrhenius rate expression or the entropy effect of thermal kinetics in physical chemistry textbooks. To understand its dynamical consequence and seek for its mechanistic origin, two different approaches of either selecting the rotational states of the reactant or aligning/orienting the reactant in the laboratory have traditionally been taken. Due to the experimental challenges, theory is far more advanced than experiment. However, even for the simple atom + diatom reaction, the physical interpretations of the calculated results can sometimes be ambiguous or controversial because of the entangled potential and kinematic factors. In this Feature Article, we try to experimentally tackle the problem for reactions with polyatomic reactants by adopting both approaches in parallel for the same reaction. By comparing the results from the two approaches as well as contrasting them with the analogous reactants-here, a symmetric-top CHD3 versus a spherical-top CH4, deeper physical insights are gained, which paves the road for future studies of complex systems and for establishing a more complete conceptual framework.

Study on Coupling Mechanism of Carbon-Water Symbiosis System and Regulation and Control of Water Resources in the Context of Regional Collaborative Development

In the aspect of theoretical research, the regional carbon-water coupling mechanism has not yet formed a complete conceptual framework, so there is an urgent need to build an academic system of the carbon-water coupling under a unified physical device. Therefore, based on the overall identification of the coupling mechanism of the water cycle and carbon balance, this paper systematically analyses the characteristics of carbon capture and release in the process of water resources and energy development, puts forward the connotation, symptoms and overall tasks of water resources allocation based on low-carbon development model, and constructs a technical framework supported by regional carbon-water coupling simulation and water resources allocation. The critical technical issues such as water resources allocation, model construction process, countermeasures and safeguard measures based on the low-carbon model. The safety early warning model of water quality and quantity in regional carbon-water symbiosis system is put forward, which provides a method reference for the regulation and control of local water resources.

Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Audit Quality Based on China Audit Market

Audit quality is often considered as the probability that auditors can detect and report misstatements of clients’ financial reporting, and enhance the credibility of stakeholders on disclosed information. Hence, the importance of intellectual capital can be tracked to the audit quality of accounting firms with knowledge-intensive feature. This paper discusses a more comprehensive perspective of intellectual capital in auditing area, with the opinion that all of the four components will have critical impact on audit quality. Not only human capital and spiritual capital including such as knowledge, skills, expertise, ethics, moral and values etc., but also the rules, systems, norms within the firm and the relationship characteristics of the firm with its clients are all closely related to audit quality. This paper introduces a more complete conceptual framework of intellectual capital on the basis of exploring the factors mentioned in previous studies and discusses the influencing factors of intellectual capital on audit quality, and finally puts forward some suggestions on the structure of intellectual capital, the internal management of accounting firms and industry supervision based on China's audit market.

A Study on Metonymy Mechanism of the Causative Construction “X+Shi+NP+VP” in Modern Chinese

This paper analyzes the syntactic and semantic features of the causative construction “X+shi+NP+VP” by using metonymy theory, according to the strength of causality, the meaning of this construction can be divided into “causative reason—causative object— causative result” and “influencer—(influence force)—influenced people or things—influence results”. The causative reason consists of two parts: the causer and caused behaviour, and can be understood that an action or the influence of something becomes causative reason, then acts on the causative object causing the object to produce a certain causative result. Metonymy serves as a cognitive reference point, things with high degree of prominence often become references to things with low prominence, reference is the main function of metonymy. In a cognitive domain, metonymy is a conceptual mapping that maps from the source domain to target domain. Metonymy allows us to pay more attention to some specific aspects of the things we refer to, and the metonymy forms of causative construction “X+shi+NP+VP” are “causer—causative reason” metonymy and “caused behaviour—causative reason” metonymy. According to the influence degree of the causer on the causative object, a causer can be divided into direct causer and indirect causer, and under the effect of the principle of cognitive prominence, the relatively prominent behaviour can effectively activate causative reason and form a complete conceptual framework in the process of experience-based cognition. We understand and interpret metonymy in communication based on relevance theory, metonymy is a kind of association-appointment, various factors will be related to each other in the events. In causative construction “X+shi+NP+VP”, the intrinsic relevance of information creates certain conditions for the realization of metonymy mechanism. Metonymy can be interpreted from the following three aspects: firstly, the proximity relationship in the same cognitive domain provides a possibility. Secondly, source domain can be mapped to target domain. Thirdly, associative logical structure can be established from the communication. Fourthly, the principle of relevance in cognition and communication is helpful to the projection of cognitive objects.

A Framework for Improving Manufacturing Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Nowadays, manufacturing is getting more and more challenging and complex due to shorter product life cycle, high mixed low volume production situation, low equipment performance and volatile customer demand. To overcome all these detractors and rising demands from all angles, manufacturer needs to be fast and agile, as efficient and as transparent as possible. Productivity is the key factor for company in order to become competitive advantage and securing the organization work place. Due to this strong pressure, it forces company introduce many production programs in order to fight the battle. Production productivity programs such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Zero Defect (ZD) initiative, Next Level of Productivity (NLoP), Lean Manufacturing (LM), total productive maintenance (TPM) and Toyota Production System (TPS) are well-known to many manufacturing industries. OEE topic has become progressively popular and widely used to improve productivity and as a research discussion in operation management. However, OEE framework for previous studies was developed on a piecemeal basis. This paper presents a new and complete conceptual framework that illustrates the most important factors that influence and contribute to OEE improvement. The comprehensive framework is able to provide effective guidance and direction to industry practitioner on how to improve OEE.

Mentoring future engineers in higher education: a descriptive study using a developed conceptual framework

Abstract Mentoring research is recent and multidisciplinary and is found in mostly English speaking cultural contexts. The purpose of this study is to describe a fifty-year old mentoring practice involving faculty-mentors and engineering student-mentees, at the school of engineering of a Spanish university, a non-English speaking context. Mentoring is part of the process of developing the career of the engineering students. For this description, we first developed a more complete conceptual framework of mentoring from literature, identifying the key elements or components. The description of each element in the mentoring practice at the study setting was obtained from archival documents, records, observations and interviews of faculty-mentors and student-mentees. The usefulness of the framework is thereby tested and areas for improvement of the mentoring practice are identified. In addition, this study extends mentoring research into the Spanish speaking European culture and highlights a mentoring experience that could be replicated in other universities. We provide a definition of mentoring that is based on the mentoring experience and practice at the institution given the lack of a generally accepted definition of mentoring.

Reassessing Conceptual Models of ENSO

Abstract The complex nature of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is often simplified through the use of conceptual models, each of which offers a different perspective on the ocean–atmosphere feedbacks underpinning the ENSO cycle. One theory, the unified oscillator, combines a variety of conceptual frameworks in the form of a coupled system of delay differential equations. The system produces a self-sustained oscillation on interannual time scales. While the unified oscillator is assumed to provide a more complete conceptual framework of ENSO behaviors than the models it incorporates, its formulation and performance have not been systematically assessed. This paper investigates the accuracy of the unified oscillator through its ability to replicate the ENSO cycle modeled by flux-forced output from the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator Ocean Model (ACCESS-OM). The anomalous sea surface temperature equation reproduces the main features of the corresponding tendency modeled by ACCESS-OM reasonably well. However, the remaining equations for the thermocline depth anomaly and zonal wind stress anomalies are unable to accurately replicate the corresponding tendencies in ACCESS-OM. Modifications to the unified oscillator, including a diagnostic form of the zonal wind stress anomaly equations, improve its ability to emulate simulated ENSO tendencies. Despite these improvements, the unified oscillator model is less adept than the delayed oscillator model it incorporates in capturing ENSO behavior in ACCESS-OM, bringing into question its usefulness as a unifying ENSO framework.

The IASB's Discussion Paper on the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting: A Commentary and Research Review

Consistent with the mission of the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) to “promote global excellence in accounting education and research, and to maximize accounting academics' contribution to the development and maintenance of high-quality, globally recognized standards of accounting practice,” this paper provides a commentary and research review by an ad hoc committee of the IAAER on the IASB's Discussion Paper DP/2013/1—A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. The comments focus on four main areas about which prior academic research can inform standard setters in their consideration of the revised Conceptual Framework: (1) recognition and derecognition, (2) measurement, (3) presentation and disclosure, and (4) other comprehensive income. The views expressed here by the ad hoc committee are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect a consensus view of the IAAER membership or its Executive Committee. The paper supports the IASB's general objective of developing one set of globally acceptable accounting standards based on a cohesive and complete Conceptual Framework.

Research of Business Process Intelligent Building and Optimization Platform Base on SOA

Combine enterprise business process operation knowledge base, unified management knowledge agent and business Process Model, proposed a complete conceptual framework and implementation model that can fully complete business process intelligent modeling, business process automatic control and monitoring and business process automatic optimization. Then build a software platform system on SOA and web service technology. The proposed scheme can fully complete the fast intelligent modeling, management and control, simulation and optimization of business processes.