Complete Blood Count Indices Research Articles

Back to Basics: The Diagnostic Value of a Complete Blood Count in the Clinical Management of COVID-19.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists have struggled significantly to understand the complexity of COVID-19 pathophysiology. COVID-19 has demonstrated a notoriously unpredictable clinical course. This unpredictability constituted a significant obstacle to clinicians in predicting the disease course among COVID-19 patients, more specifically, in predicting who would develop severe cases and possibly die from the infection. This brief report aims to assess the diagnostic value of using a complete blood count (CBC) and applying high-dimensional analysis, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), on it to differentiate between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 infection. The data of 855 patients were retrieved from multiple centres in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics, such as counts, percentages, and medians (interquartile ranges) were used to describe patients' characteristics and CBC parameters. Analytical statistics, such as the Mann-Whitney U test, were used to compare between survivors and non-survivors. PCA was applied using the CBC parameters, and the results were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Patients in this study had a median age of 41, with an almost equal ratio of men to women. Most participants were Saudis, and non-survivors were 13.22% of the total cohort. The median values of all CBC indices were within reference ranges; however, some statistically significant differences were observed between survivors and non-survivors. Non-survivors had lower hemoglobin levels and lower hematocrit, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts but higher WBC and neutrophil counts compared to survivors. PCA on the CBC results of survivors yielded a significantly different profile than non-survivors, indicating the possibility of its use in the context of COVID-19. The diagnostic value of CBC in the clinical management of COVID-19 should be utilized in clinical guidelines for managing COVID-19 cases.

Evaluation of Erythrocytes Indices, Platelet Indices and Complete Blood Count in Feline Mammary Carcinomas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the platelet (PLT) indices and complete blood count (CBC) parameters between the cats with mammary tumor and healthy individuals. Also, the differences in above mentioned parameters are going to be investigated in cats with mammary tumors with regard to clinicopathological characteristics of the primary tumor. A total of 44 female cats were included in the study. The study groups consisted of cats with mammary tumors (Group MT, n=22) and healthy cats presented for neutering (Group H, n=22). The ages of the cats were ranged between 5-15 years. All data on CBC, thoracic radiography, clinical examination findings and histopathology were obtained from the the patient archive in the animal hospital automation system. While the highest red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobulin (HGB) levels were observed in Group H, Group MT had the highest white blood cell (WBC), mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) levels. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level in T1 was significantly lower than in T2-T3. The MCV level in G1-G2 tended to be higher compared to G3. In Group MT, CBC parameters were not significantly different related to the presence of metastasis, presence of ulceration and inflammation on the tumor. It was concluded that evaluation of CBC and PLT indices in cats with mammary tumors would be useful in understanding the hematological effects of the disease and tumor characteristics (tumor size and histological grade).

Clinical Correlations between Serological Markers and Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Endometrial cancer is associated with changes in blood cell counts and with high levels of inflammatory markers, thus reflecting the tumor's impact on various biological processes and suggesting their potential as biomarkers for endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood sampled preoperatively from patients have been reported to be independently associated with the prognosis of different types of malignancies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare several blood markers-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen-in patients with benign or malignant endometrial tumors. Material and methods: Our retrospective study included 670 patients (192 diagnosed with endometrial cancer and 478 with endometrial hyperplasia), and we compared the serological parameters discussed above with those sampled the day before surgery. Results: Analysis of complete blood count indices revealed no significant differences in red blood cell or total white blood cell parameters between the endometrial cancer group and the endometrial hyperplasia group. However, a distinct pattern emerged in the white blood cell differential. The endometrial cancer group showed a statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte count compared with the endometrial hyperplasia group. In contrast, the endometrial cancer group showed significantly higher mean platelet counts and increased mean platelet volume compared with controls. Furthermore, the endometrial cancer group demonstrated a marked inflammatory response, as evidenced by significantly elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio compared with the endometrial hyperplasia group. Conclusions: The current research revealed statistically significant differences in multiple serological biomarkers between the two groups. These findings support the initial hypothesis regarding the potential utility of these biomarkers in endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response, highlighting the existence of biomarkers affordable for analysis under any health system, regardless of the country's level of development.

Evaluation of first-trimester complete blood count inflammatory indices in placenta previa

Aim: To evaluate systemic inflammation in pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa (PP). First-trimester complete blood count indices of PP patients were assessed. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 346 singleton pregnant women, including 115 PP cases (study group) and 231 healthy pregnant women (control group) who were operated on in a tertiary center for one year. The study group was then divided into two subgroups. Those who underwent peripartum hysterectomy due to placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) were determined as PAS-positive, and those without invasion were PAS-negative. Demographic and obstetric characteristics laboratory results were recorded retrospectively. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) values were calculated. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation using the independent sample t-test. Results: The mean value of maternal age, body mass index, and gestational weeks at which hemograms were evaluated were similar between the study and control groups. While white blood cell and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the PP group, red blood cell and hemoglobin counts were lower (p

A potential biomarker of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic immune-inflammation index.

Biomarkers using routine laboratory tests accurately presenting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity may have important practical values in clinical settings. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII; neutrophil X platelet/lymphocyte) as potential biomarkers of disease activity in cases with SLE. In this case-control observational study, cases with SLE and demographically similar healthy controls were included. For clinical evaluation demographic features, disease duration and drugs were recorded. SLE clinical disease activity was assessed with SLEDAI scores. For laboratory assessments; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and C3-C4 levels and anti-dsDNA positivity were recorded. Based on the simultaneous complete blood count (CBC) of the participants NLR, PLR and SII were calculated. The correlation between clinical and laboratory data was analyzed. 68 cases with SLE (64 women, 8 men) and 69 controls (65 women, 4 men) were included in this investigation. The demographic features of the cases and controls were similar. ESR, CRP, NLR, PLR and SII scores were statistically higher in cases with SLE than controls (p<0.000). Statistically significant positive correlations between SLEDAI and NLR, PLR and SII scores were demonstrated (p=0.01, r=0.505; 0.414; 0.698, respectively). We determined a cut-off value of SII as 681,3 presenting 77% sensitivity and 76% specificity to discriminate no-mild disease activity and moderate-higher SLE disease activity status. The SII cut-off value was determined as 681,3 presenting 77% sensitivity and 76% specificity (p<0.000, and AUC=0.930). CBC indices were shown to be higher in cases with SLE than healthy controls in our study. By presenting a strong correlation with disease activity and discriminating ability of disease status, SII might serve as a biomarker supporting clinical evaluation in SLE.

Study of Correlation of Complete Blood Count indices with the serum Troponin I level, ECG, Echocardiogram and Coronary Angiography extent of Myocardial Infarction at the time of admission.

Study of Correlation of Complete Blood Count indices with the serum Troponin I level, ECG, Echocardiogram and Coronary Angiography extent of Myocardial Infarction at the time of admission.

The role of first trimester eosinophil count and eosinophil-based complete blood cell indices in the predictiction of preeclampsia: A case-control study

IntroductionThe importance of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is an question of interest and there are recent studies in the literature indicating significantly lower eosinophil count values in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of first-trimester eosinophil count and eosinophil-based complete blood cell count indices in the prediction of preeclampsia. MethodsPregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (n = 281) were retrospectively compared with a control group (n = 307). The utility of first trimester eosinophil count, neutrophil to eosinophil ratio (NER) (neutrophil/eosinophil), leukocyte to eosinophil ratio (LER) (leukocyte/eosinophil), eosinophil to monocyte ratio (EMR) (eosinophil/monocyte) and, eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) (eosinophil/lymphocyte) in the prediction of preeclampsia were evaluated. ResultsOptimal cut-off values for eosinophil count, NER, LER, EMR and, ELR in predicting preeclampsia were 0.07 (AUC: 0.62, 58.7% sensitivity, 56.4% specificity), 90.9 (AUC: 0.65, 61.1% sensitivity, 59.4% specificity), 125.7 (AUC: 0.64, 61.4% sensitivity, 58.4% specificity), 0.15 (AUC: 0.63, 60.1% sensitivity, 59.6% specificity) and, 0.03 (AUC: 0.62, 60.9% sensitivity, 57% specificity), respectively. Mentioned values in predicting early-onset preeclampsia were 0.07 (AUC: 0.64, 60.5% sensitivity, 50.8% specificity), 102.1 (AUC: 0.64, 62.4% sensitivity, 58.8% specificity), 140.2 (AUC: 0.65, 63.5% sensitivity, 59.1% soecificity), 0.14 (AUC: 0.66, 66.3% sensitivity, 59.2% specificity), and, 0.03 (AUC: 0.63, 60.5% sensitivity, 57.4% specificity), respectively. The optimal cut-off value for EMR in the prediction of preeclampsia with severe features was 0.16 (AUC: 0.56, 56.9% sensitivity, 53.2% specificity). DiscussionEosinophil-based complete blood count indices may be used to predict early-onset preeclampsia with relatively low sensitivity and specificity.

Ендоваскулярні втручання в комплексній терапії пацієнтів із портальною гіпертензією і кровотечею з варикозно розширених вен

For today, endovascular procedures, such as embolization of splenic artery, transjugular intrahepatic shunt, and retrograde transvenous obliteration with balloon occlusion are widely applied in the treatment and prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. Splenomegaly with the development of hypersplenism is one of complications of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, which can negatively be influenced on clinical course. Due to that, it can be assumed that the management of hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension with the applying of splenic artery embolization, could be improve the results of treatment of this group of patients. Purpose - to summarize the own experience of the applying of splenic artery embolization in the complex therapy in patients with portal hypertension that complicated by the variceal bleeding. Materials and methods. This study based on the results of treatment of 36 patients, in which the embolization of splenic artery was applied in the complex management (conventional treatment and endoscopic ligation of varices). The classic method of “chronic” occlusion was used for the embolization. The embolization on the level of the initial portion of the main trunk of splenic artery was performed in 30 (83.3%) of patients. Due to the anatomical peculiarities of vasculature, embolization was performed on the level of middle part of splenic artery in 6 (16.7%) of patients. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by the changes of complete blood count indices and ultrasonography results. Statistical analysis was performed using the program SPSS Statistic for Windows, version 15.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results. The middle age of patients was 55.8±1.6 years. The middle value of Child-Turcotte-Pugh criterion was 2.44±0.08, and MELD score was 16.36±0.99 value. Conclusions. The applying of splenic artery embolization that combined with conventional therapy and endoscopic ligation of varices is appropriate and justified. Embolization of the splenic artery promotes to decrease of appearance of hypersplenism in patients with the portal hypertension with positive influence on follow-up clinical course. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Prognostic Efficacy of Complete Blood Count Indices for Assessing the Presence and the Progression of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs.

This study investigated the complete blood count (CBC) indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and analyzed their correlation with conventional biomarkers, as well as the effect of CBC indices on survival time in dogs with MMVD. Medical records of 75 healthy controls and 249 dogs with MMVD from March 2015 to October 2022 were analyzed. The NLR, MLR, and PLR were calculated by dividing the absolute counts of the CBC parameters. Dogs with MMVD had significantly higher NLR, MLR, and PLR than healthy dogs (all p < 0.0001), especially those in the symptomatic MMVD group with pulmonary edema (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0387, respectively). The NLR and MLR were significantly correlated with N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide levels (both p < 0.0001). The CBC indices showed potential as biomarkers for detecting the presence of MMVD (all p < 0.0001) and severity of MMVD (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.006, respectively) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The negative effects of increased NLR, MLR, and PLR on survival were confirmed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. In conclusion, NLR, MLR, and PLR could be cost-effective and readily available potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MMVD in dogs.

Fibroscan as Non-Invasive Modality for Studying the Effect of Hepatic Steatosis on Viral Response to Direct-Acting Antiviral in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Abstract Background HCV is a major cause of viral hepatitis leading to chronic liver disease and liver failure. With an estimated prevalence of 3% in the world population (around 170 million infected individuals worldwide), HCV heavily burdens public health. Even though the incidence of new infections is declining, at least in industrialized countries where they are restricted to intravenous drug users, morbidity and mortality associated with HCV infection are expected to increase over the next decade. Objectives The aim of this study to the impact of hepatic steatosis on SVR in HCV infected patients receiving DAA therapy. Patients and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients with HCV (anti-hcv seropositive with detectable HCV-RNA). All included patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, full laboratory investigations including: complete blood count, liver profile tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, abdominal ultrasonography and Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Results The total SVR and Non-SVR rates among treated patients were 90% and 10%, respectively. The comparison between SVR and Non-SVR patients through the baseline parameters showed that patients who failed to treatment had significantly higher bilirubin, BMI and ALT. Furthermore, liver function parameters was improved significantly in majority of cases. The Impact of treatment regimens on the liver enzymes indices; transaminases was significantly declines during and after complete treatment. On the other hand, serum albumin level was significantly decreased. Regarding the complete blood count indices we found the HB% level was significantly changed with transient declining during the treatment periods. The WBCs count, PLT count were not significantly changed. Conclusion Hepatic steatosis was common in HCV infection, the overall SVR-12 was 90%, so that, hepatic steatosis has no impact on SVR-12 in patient with HCV infection undergoing DAA therapy. Fibrosis has no impact on SVR-12 as shown by P-value 0.729. BMI has negative impact on SVR-12 as shown by P-value 0.035. Bilirubin has negative impact on SVR-12 as shown by P-value 0.001. ALT has negative impact on SVR-12 as shown by Pvalue 0.009. HSI has no impact on SVR-12 as shown by p-value 0.077.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing autoimmune disorders among ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

In acute conditions, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes multi-organ damage due to the induction of inappropriate immune responses, particularly lung tissue fibrosis. To evaluate the consequence of the deterioration of the immune system, autoimmune markers were assessed. In a case-control study, 108 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 158 outpatients with mild clinical symptoms, with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) positive tests, were included for comparison. The demographic and hematologic variables and presence of the main autoantibodies in sera of 40 eligible ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 40 COVID-19 outpatients were assessed. Out of 108 COVID-19 ICU-hospitalized patients, 40 were selected as the control group (40/158) who had no underlying diseases before hospitalization, according to their self-declaration and clinical records at the time of admission. The results demonstrated that the main complete blood count indices, such as red blood cells and platelets, decreased dramatically in ICU-hospitalized patients. Furthermore, the autoantibody profiles were positive in 45% and 15% of ICU-admitted patients for antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies, respectively. In ICU patients, anti-PM/Scl 100 or AMA-M2 was 33%. Anti SS-A, anti-SS-B, anti-Ro-52, and anti-Jo-1 in 11.5% for each one were reactive. Other autoantibodies of the ICU group were as follows: CENP (5.6%), Rib-protein (5.6%), and nucleosome (5.6%). However, only two individuals in the control group had positive results for SS-A and SS-B (5%). Induction of such particular autoantibodies by the virus can justify the multi-organ involvement and severity of the disease in ICU patients, which may also cause other organ involvement in the long term.

Correlation Between Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels and Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Prospective Observational Study.

Breast cancer (BC), a heterogeneous disease, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels have been persistently reported to be elevated in BC patients. In the current study, we evaluated the correlation between the cfDNA levels in patients with BC and its subtypes. We recruited newly diagnosed, histopathologically confirmed BC patients aged >18 years (N=39), who did not have any previous malignancy, from the Department of Surgical Oncology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. A total of 6 ml of venous blood was collected from each subject; of this, 1 ml was subjected to complete blood count (CBC), and 4 ml was transferred to a clot-activated collection vial for plasma separation and the cfDNA isolation thereof. In addition to the basic demographic history of each patient, the information on the cancer subtype was as also recorded from the medical records of each patient.All the data were analysed by GraphPad Prism Version 8 (Insightful Science, LLC, San Diego, California, United States). One-way ANOVA was used to test the difference between morethan two groups. Pearson correlation was also estimated between cfDNA levels and various CBC indices. A two-tailed p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of included patients was 48.6±8.20 years. The mean levels of cfDNA were 2.81±2.39 ng/µL. The mean counts of various blood cell types and other indices of CBC were in the normal range.Compared to BC patients with estrogen receptors (ER+), the cfDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The elevated levels of cfDNA in patients with BC can be a prognostic marker for the disease subtype. However, more replicative studies are warranted to substantiate our findings.

Unsupervised machine learning algorithms identify expected haemorrhage relationships but define unexplained coagulation profiles mapping to thrombotic phenotypes in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can result in challenging anaemia and thrombosis phenotypes. Clinical presentations of HHT vary for relatives with identical casual mutations, suggesting other factors may modify severity. To examine objectively, we developed unsupervised machine learning algorithms to test whether haematological data at presentation could be categorised into sub-groupings and fitted to known biological factors. With ethical approval, we examined 10 complete blood count (CBC) variables, four iron index variables, four coagulation variables and eight iron/coagulation indices combined from 336 genotyped HHT patients (40% male, 60% female, 86.5% not using iron supplementation) at a single centre. T-SNE unsupervised, dimension reduction, machine learning algorithms assigned each high-dimensional datapoint to a location in a two-dimensional plane. k-Means clustering algorithms grouped into profiles, enabling visualisation and inter-profile comparisons of patients' clinical and genetic features. The unsupervised machine learning algorithms using t-SNE and k-Means identified two distinct CBC profiles, two iron profiles, four clotting profiles and three combined profiles. Validating the methodology, profiles for CBC or iron indices fitted expected patterns for haemorrhage. Distinct coagulation profiles displayed no association with age, sex, C-reactive protein, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), ENG/ACVRL1 genotype or epistaxis severity. The most distinct profiles were from t-SNE/k-Means analyses of combined iron-coagulation indices and mapped to three risk states - for venous thromboembolism in HHT; for ischaemic stroke attributed to paradoxical emboli through pulmonary AVMs in HHT; and for cerebral abscess attributed to odontogenic bacteremias in immunocompetent HHT patients with right-to-left shunting through pulmonary AVMs. In conclusion, unsupervised machine learning algorithms categorise HHT haematological indices into distinct, clinically relevant profiles which are independent of age, sex or HHT genotype. Further evaluation may inform prophylaxis and management for HHT patients' haemorrhagic and thrombotic phenotypes.

Immunologic profiles in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular revascularization.

Inflammation and immune dysregulation have been associated with adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease. There is limited understanding of the association of different profiles of white blood cell (WBC) subsets and red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular revascularization in our single-center, tertiary care hospital from 2017 to 2019, who had a preceding complete blood count (CBC) with WBC differentials (n =213), were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics, laboratory values, and clinical outcomes were collected. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess for associations between all-cause mortality and leukocyte subset; multivariate analysis was used to account for confounders. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to depict survival censored at 1 year postrevascularization using baseline CBC indices. Adjusting for confounders, elevated RDW was associated with increased mortality (continuous per % increase, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.33, p < 0.001). Baseline lymphopenia was associated with mortality in univariate analysis. Other leukocyte subtypes were not associated with mortality outcomes in our population. Exploratory analysis showed negative deflections in ∆WBC from pre- to postprocedure day 1 were affiliated with increased mortality when adjusted for age, sex, race, chronic kidney disease, and baseline hemoglobin (∆WBC HR 1.16, p = 0.004). Further exploratory analysis showed an association between RDW and all-comers readmission. The utilization of a periprocedural WBC subset differential can be a useful adjunct to risk-stratify patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular revascularization. Further studies are needed to understand potential ways to modulate immune dysregulation so as to improve mortality outcomes.

Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of β-Thalassemia Major Patients in Bushehr City: A Comparative Analysis

Background and Aims: β-thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide. β-thalassemia major results in severe anemia and serious complications. So, this study aims to evaluate the hematological and biochemical markers in β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr city.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Our study included 94 transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major were compared with 94 normal healthy subjects as controls. Hematological assessments included complete blood count indices. The biochemical evaluations included liver, kidney, and thyroid function tests, lipid profile, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, fasting blood sugar, and serum ferritin.&#x0D; Results: All hematological parameters in patients, such as hemoglobin (p &lt; 0.01), hematocrit (p &lt; 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (p &lt; 0.05), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p &lt;0.05), were significantly reduced compared to the control group except mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration which was insignificant (p &gt; 0.05). Higher levels of triglyceride, phosphorus, fasting blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, total and direct bilirubin, and lower levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were observed in patients in comparison to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and albumin was not significantly different from the control group (p &gt; 0.05). The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism (thyroid stimulating hormone &gt; 4.5 mIU/l and T4 &lt; 5.6 μg/dl) was reported at 5.31%.&#x0D; Conclusions: This study emphasized the necessity for regular follow-up and evaluation of β-thalassemia, which could be used to improve treatment protocols.

Study of some physiological and hematological parameters in obese women with arthritis

Introduction and Aim: Obesity and overweight refers to excessive buildup of fat in the body. Arthritis is a group of medical disorders associated with obesity and being overweight. Obesity associated with rheumatoid arthritis is more pronounced in women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate some physiological and hematological parameters in obese women with arthritis. Materials and Methods: This study included 90 women aged between 18 and 68 years. The women were divided into three groups based on their BMI as Obese (n=30), Obese+RA (n=30) and normal lean women as controls (n=30). Blood drawn from each participant was tested for their complete blood tests, lipid profiles, C-reactive protein reaction and presence of rheumatoid factor. Data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Our study revealed the mean +SE for age, WHR and BMI to be elevated in women in the obese as well as Obese+RA groups and to be significantly higher in comparison to women in the control group. Except for HDL, all the other lipid parameters were seen elevated in the obese and Obese+RA group and showed significant difference from the control group. Similarly, among the complete blood count indices only ESR, WBC and PLT were found to be significantly elevated in obese and Obese+RA groups. The prevalence percentage for CRP and RF was seen to be highest in individuals belonging to the Obese+RA group. Conclusion: Obese women as well as obese women with RA have elevated hematological and physiological parameters when compared to lean women.

Reticulocyte Hemoglobin as a Screening Test for Iron Deficiency Anemia: A New Cut-Off.

Latent iron deficiency (LID), in which iron stores in the body are depleted without incidental anemia, poses a key diagnostic challenge. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-Hb) is directly correlated with the functionally available iron for heme synthesis in erythroblasts. Consequently, Ret-Hb has been proposed as an efficient iron status marker. To assess the importance of Ret-Hb in detecting latent iron deficiency as well as its use in screening for iron deficiency anemia. A study involving 108 individuals was conducted at Najran University Hospital, 64 of whom had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 44 of whom had normal hemoglobin levels. All patients were subjected to complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte percentage, Ret-Hb, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin measurements. A significant decrease in Ret-Hb level was observed in IDA patients compared to non-anemic individuals, with a cut-off value of 21.2 pg (a value below which indicates IDA). The measurement of Ret-Hb, in addition to CBC parameters and indices, provides an accessible predictive marker for both iron deficiency (ID) and IDA. Lowering the Ret-Hb cut-off could better allow for its use as a screening parameter for IDA.

To evaluate the hematological markers in patients having nutritional anemia attending National Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital of Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract Background: Nutritional anemia is the most common preventable cause of anemia. Anemia of nutritional origin is an acquired problem caused by consumption of diets that lack sufficient quantity of vitamin B12 levels and serum iron and other components. As per World Health Organization guidelines, hemoglobin (Hb) of &lt;10 g/dL concentration treated as anemia. Nutritional anemia is identified by determining Hb concentrations, evaluating red cell indices and examining peripheral blood picture accompanying serum iron parameters and serum vitamin B12 level. Objectives: To study complete blood count indices with different serum vitamin B12 levels and serum iron profile among nutritional anemia patients attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur. Materials and Methods: An observation study was conducted among 274 patients having nutritional anemia from General medicine out patients between 15 and 60 years. Two blood samples were collected from each participant to estimate the complete blood counts and red blood cells (RBCs) morphology and to analyze the iron profile and vitamin B12. Results: This presence study shows nutritional anemia in 55% of women than men. 15.6% of patients were from age group 15–20 years. 56.57% patients had moderate anemia, 29.92% patients had severe anemia, and 13.56% patients had mild anemia. Study shows 55% population were nonvegetarians and 45% had vegetarian diet. Microcytic hypochromic blood picture was found in 59.49% patients. Conclusions: Nutritional deficiency anemia was the most prevalent anemia. Peripheral smear is in concordance with serum iron parameters and serum vitamin B12 level. Our study suggests RBC morphology along with red cell indices in diagnosis and management of nutritional anemia which can be cured by dietary adjustment and fortification of food with iron and other micronutrients.

The Study of Blood Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia: A Case-Control Study

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by pain and fatigue; however, its etiology remains unknown, and various hypotheses and biomarkers have been proposed. This study it is aimed to investigate blood biomarkers in the pathogenesis of FM. The current case-control study has been conducted on 45 females with the documented diagnosis of FM and 45 healthy controls referring to the outpatient clinic of rheumatology in 2018-19. The serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count (CBC), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured and compared between the groups. DHEAS serum levels in cases and controls were 27.55±18.80 and 33.55±21.80, (P=0.16), ESR was 29.17±9.75 and 17.37±2.82 (P&lt;0.001), CRP was 4.17±1.53 and 3.53±1.15 (P=0.02), TSH was 3.307±0.27 and 3.41±0.22 (P=0.09), respectively. The two groups were similar in CBC indices, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet count (P&gt;0.05). DHEAS was slightly, but insignificantly, lower among the females with FM than healthy cases. On the other hand, the serum ESR and CRP levels were remarkably higher among the females with FM; however, in the normal range, a fact representing the possible traces of inflammation in the pathogenesis of FM.

Role of derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, uric acid-to-creatinine ratio and Delta neutrophil index for predicting neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with preeclampsia

We aimed to compare the maternal and neonatal systemic inflammatory markers, platelet indices and new indices in biochemical parameters in women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there was a relationship between maternal hematological markers and neonatal outcomes. A retrospective case control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Maternal demographic and birth characteristics, complete blood count indices, derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), Delta neutrophil index (DNI), uric acid-to-creatinine (Cre) ratio and uric acid-to-alanine transaminase ratio, neonatal hematological parameters were compared between the preeclamptic group and control group. The study consisted of 170 cases (84 preeclampsia and 86 control). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), dNLR, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), uric acid, LDH, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid-to-Cre ratio and uric acid-to-ALT ratio were higher and statistically significant in the preeclamptic group than in control ones (p: 0.000 – BUN, Cre, uric acid, LDH, p: 0.001 – AST, p: 0.004 – ALT, p: 0.000 – uric acid-to-Cre ratio, p: 0.009 – uric acid-to-ALT ratio, respectively). NLR and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio were significantly higher in newborns of preeclamptic mothers (p: 0.039; p: 0.004, respectively). A low-moderate correlation between maternal uric acid-to-Cre ratio and neonatal PLR was detected (r: 0.193; p: 0.013). Moreover, moderate negative correlations between maternal PLR (r:−0.231, p: 0.002), uric acid (r: 0.332, p:0.000) and adverse neonatal outcomes were found. Uric acid and PLR, which can be easily calculated clinically may predict adverse neonatal outcomes. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known about this topic? Preeclampsia is known as a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Haematological indices have been evaluated for the prognosis of many kinds of disease. What do the results of this study add? This study has focussed on new combined haematological–biochemical indices and its relationship with neonatal outcomes. Both higher NLR, derived NLR, DNI and lower PLR were recorded as useful markers for preeclampsia. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Some indices that were calculated by assessing basic and simple blood parameters may help clinicians to predict clinical outcomes of preeclampsia.