Complete Blood Count Analysis Research Articles

Complete Blood Count Analysis on Beef Cattle Exposed to Fescue Toxicity and Rumen-Protected Niacin Supplementation.

Simple SummaryFescue toxicity results from cattle consuming fungal (Ergot spp.) endophyte-infected tall fescue. Ergot alkaloids like ergovaline produce vasoconstriction in cattle. Our objectives were to analyze changes in complete blood count and performance due to ergot alkaloid detoxification in growing beef cattle and the effect of selecting dams tolerant or susceptible to fescue toxicity based on their tolerance index, measured through a genetic test currently available for beef producers. Furthermore, rumen-protected niacin supplementation is proposed as a potential alleviator for vasoconstriction produced by fescue toxicity. Therefore, we assessed the effects of consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds in addition to rumen-protected niacin supplementation in offspring performance and hematological parameters. Signs for anemia were noticed in susceptible heifer offspring that did not receive rumen-protected niacin, whereas inflammation or infection was detected in tolerant steers that received niacin in their diet. Typical symptoms of heat stress and intoxication with ergot alkaloids were noticed in offspring. Our results suggest that susceptible heifer offspring might have a more active detox metabolism when under fescue toxicity. Findings from this study could be utilized as a new tool to help beef cattle producers to dampen the adverse effects of fescue toxicity.Offspring born to dams genetically tested for resistance to fescue toxicity were separated in groups based on their dams’ resistance level (tolerant vs. susceptible). Rumen-protected niacin (RPN) is proposed as a potential alleviator for vasoconstriction produced by fescue toxicity. Complete blood count (CBC) analysis was utilized for detection of significant responses to treatments applied. Our objectives were as follows: (a) to analyze changes in CBC due to fescue toxicity, maternal resistance level, and RPN in growing offspring; and (b) to assess the effects of maternal resistance level when consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds in addition to RPN in offspring performance. Body weight, average daily gain, or health status were not improved by RPN or the genetic test to detect fescue toxicity resistance. Typical signs of alkaloids intoxication and heat stress were noticed in offspring. Particularly, rectal temperature was greater for susceptible control heifers. Results showed that susceptible control offspring presented signs of anemia denoted by low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). High levels of white blood cells (WBC) and basophils in combination to low neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio were the signs of infection or inflammation detected in the CBC analysis, especially in tolerant niacin steers. Furthermore, offspring of control heifers had a greater percentage of reticulocytes and RDW, denoting signs of anemia.

Mutation Analysis of Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients and Their Parents in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey

Objectives: In this study, beta-Thalassemia Major (BTM) diagnosed patients and their parents were subjected to DNA sequencing in order to confirm their diagnosis, improve their treatment and determine the mutation distributions of both patients and their parents.
 Methods: A total of 90 people, BTM patients (n=30) and their parents (n=60), were included in the study. For all analyses, two blood samples were taken into EDTA-containing tubes from each of the patients and each of their parents. Complete blood count, hb variant and mutation analysis were studied, respectively. 
 Results: 8 types of mutation were determined: IVS-I-110 (G->A) 46.67%, codon 8 (-AA) 16.67%, IVS-II-1 (G->A) 11.67%, codon 44 (-C) 10.00%, IVS-II-745 (C->G) 5.00%, IVS-I-1 (G->A) 3.33%, IVS-I-5 (G->T) 3.33% and -30 (T->A) 3.33%. Hb concentrations of 9.2 ± 1.32 g/dL and Hb variant levels of HbA 81.58% ± 11.05, HbF 10.44% ± 11.54 were found in patients with BTM who received transfusion therapy regularly. Typical hemogram count and Hb variants levels were seen in parents. 
 Conclusion: In our study, a similar distribution was identified throughout Turkey in terms of mutation. Mutations were classified in all the studied people. This study increased the detection percentage of undetermined mutations by the use of DNA sequencing. Thus a multi-centric coordinated study with high capacity will improve detecting these mutations and their effects on the disease.

Relationship of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte-Ratio (NLR), a simple derived parameter of routine CompleteBlood Counts (CBC), has been shown to be better than WBC count as a marker for inflammation inmany contexts. Inflammation is associated with adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was designed on 100 maintenance hemodialysis Patients in atertiary care hospital in Eastern India after IRB permission and informed consent. 88 completeresults became available. Complete blood count (CBC), routine PTH and biochemistry analysis wereperformed. KDIGO 2009 cut offs were used to classify patients by PTH levels (PTH<2ULN, PTH 2-9ULN & PTH>9 ULN). NLR was calculated and NLR of 3.5 was used as high inflammation cut off.Results: In Analysis of 88 samples, significant Pearson Correlation with NLR was shown by Albumin,Hemoglobin, PTH, Gender, Age, and Sugar, but involved collinearities. Multiple Linear Regressionwith Robust estimation of Standard Errors retained only PTH as a significant predictor (Beta=-0.273, P=0.033) of NLR and Albumin as a borderline significant predictor (Beta= -0.501, P=0.061). The population was partitioned into 3 sets based on PTH as per KDIGO guideline.Conclusion: Our study suggests that PTH is a significant predictor of inflammation as measured byNLR, independent of the other parameters, and it has an overall weak negative association withinflammation especially in the mid-range (PTH 2-9 ULN) subgroup, which largely corroborates withavailable but scant literature.

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation

Effects of platelet‐rich fibrin on human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblast proliferation from chronic periodontitis versus periodontally healthy subjects

BackgroundPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), an autogenous blood concentrate, contains multiple growth factors and is used as an adjunct in the periodontal regeneration and implant site development procedures to stimulate wound healing. Patient‐related factors such as chronic periodontitis may affect the quality of PRF.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate and compare PRF's effects from patients diagnosed with generalized moderate or severe chronic periodontitis to patients who presented with intact periodontium on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) proliferation.Materials and methodsA total of 33 ml of whole intravenous blood was collected from each subject and centrifuged at 2700 rpm for 12 min in three 10 ml tubes, and 3 ml of blood was used for Complete Blood Count analysis. Three PRF clots were compressed to produce the membranes and liquid exudate. PRF membrane and 10% liquid exudate were exposed to 20,000 HPLFs/well or 25,000 HGFs/well in triplets from each subject in a 48 cell well plate. After 72 h of incubation, the conditioned media were evaluated by Water Soluble Tetrazolium‐1 assays to determine fibroblast proliferation. Controls included cells alone and media without cells. Complete blood counts were measured.ResultsSubjects in both groups were age and gender‐matched (intact 46.7 ± 11.4 years and periodontitis 54.8 ± 10.4 years, p‐value = 0.1344). Body Mass Index and White Blood Corpuscles in the periodontitis group was significantly higher than the intact group (p = 0.0176 and p = 0.0038) whereas no differences were seen for Red Blood Corpuscles (p = 0.2020), Hemoglobin (p = 0.2290) and Platelets (p = 4,094). There were no significant differences in the HGF and HPLF proliferation with PRF exudates and membranes between intact periodontium and periodontitis groups (all p > 0.05). However, PRF exudates in both groups induced significant more cell proliferation when compared to PRF membranes.ConclusionsPRF exudates induced significant proliferation of fibroblasts and can play a vital role in wound healing. The current study concluded that PRF membranes, in combination with PRF exudates, can be utilized for their therapeutic and wound healing potential, not affected by the periodontal condition of the patient.

Effectiveness of Saptamrita Loha on Panduroga (iron deficiency anemia) in children an open-label prospective clinical trial

Introduction: Panduroga is a systemic disorder that presents with pallor; it is correlated to anemia. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency on the globe that contributes to the highest incidences of anemia. Oral iron therapy is the treatment in iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which is associated with adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal irritations on long-term usage. Saptamritaloha is a frequently prescribed herbo-mineral drug from Ayurveda pharmacopeia in the context of eye disorders and it is also used to treat Panduroga. Hence, Saptamritaloha was subjected to a safety and efficacy trial. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of Saptamritalohavati in children with Panduroga (IDA). Materials and Methods: An open-label, controlled, prospective clinical trial in children aged 12–16 years was conducted over a period of two months. Assessment was done based on changes in clinical features and complete blood count analysis before and after therapy. The changes were assessed using paired and unpaired t test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon sign-rank test. Results: A total of 43 children (22 in the study group and 21 in the control group) were registered in the trial, out of whom 20 in each trial and the control group completed the study. The present study shows that Saptamritaloha is effective in improving the clinical features and hematological parameters significantly and the results were comparable with the standard control used, namely Dhatriloha. The mean improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) was 1.17 g% in the trial group during the course of treatment (P < 0.001). No adverse drug reactions were noted in the study. Discussion: Saptamritaloha vati increases Hb and red blood corpuscles (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by virtue of its ingredients. The herbal ingredients in the formulation, namely Triphala (group of three drugs, namely Haritaki [Terminalia chebula Retz.], Bibitaka [Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.)Roxb], Amalaki [Phyllanthus emblica L], Yashtimadhu [Glycyrrhiza glabra L], Madhu [Honey], and Ghrita [Ghee]), possess Tridoshashamana, Anulomana, and Rasayana property, which aids in better bioavailability, drug absorption and also minimizes the gut irritation after oral iron usage. Conclusion: Saptamritaloha is effective in the management of Panduroga in children.

Association between anemia and gastrointestinal malignancy among male patients in a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction:Iron deficiency was reported as the most common nutritional deficiency in developing and developed countries. Many studies reported that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is related to the development of gastrointestinal (GI) malignanciesAim:The current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among Saudi patients subjected to endoscopy procedure, and to assess the association between iron deficiency anemia and GI malignancy.Method:A retrospective study was performed over 244 Saudi patients attending King Saud University Hospital (KSUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2018. Data were collected from the hospital database (esihi). Patients aged 30 years or more were recruited in this study. They had to be subjected to endoscopy before the recruitment period. Complete blood count analysis was performed for the blood samples collected from the patients.Results:The findings of the study showed that the prevalence of IDA among Saudi patients was 63.5%. Gastritis (15.16%), colon carcinoma (13.11%), and polyps (12.7%) were the most reported endoscopy results among patients with IDA. In addition, it was found that there is no significant association between IDA and GI malignancy.Conclusion:The study concluded that despite the reported significant association between IDA and GI malignancy, the current study revealed that there is no significant association between IDA and GI malignancy. This might be attributed to sample-related issues, which require more extended studies investigating larger sample sizes, in addition to including ferritin level measurements for the investigated patients.

Central Nervous System Infiltration in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Dog

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasia in which there is proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, blood, and extramedullary sites. This disorder has a fast and progressive development; in dogs, cases of infiltration of ALL cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon and rare. Diagnosis can be achieved with the help of the clinical history and physical, radiographic, hematological, myelographic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in patients with or without neurological clinical signs. The present report aims to describe a case of ALL and the presence of lymphoblasts in the CSF of a dog with neurological clinical signs.Case: An 8-year-old Lhasa Apso dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba campus. At the physical examination, the animal exhibited apathy and paralysis of pelvic limbs, which progressed to tetraplegia. Abdominal palpation revealed presence of hepatosplenomegaly and absence of lymphadenomegaly. No alterations were observed in radiographs of the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine. A complete blood count revealed presence of non-regenerative anemia (hematocrit = 22%), extreme lymphocytosis (185,229 cells/µL), lymphoblasts at a level of 72% (133,364 cells/µL), and thrombocytopenia (66,000 platelets/µL). The biochemical tests revealed increased alkaline phosphatase (859 IU/L). The levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin were normal. The diagnosis of ALL was achieved with the help of a myelogram. The myelogram findings included 39% of mature lymphocytes and 59% of lymphoblasts exhibiting large size, spherical shape, poorly delimited borders, with a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, marked cytoplasmic basophilia, and 2 to 3 evident nucleoli; metarubricytes (1%) and promyelocytes (0.6%) were also observed. The CSF contained an increased number of nucleated cells (27 cells/µL) comprising lymphocytes (43%), macrophages (33%), and segmented neutrophils (24%). Of the 11.6 lymphocytes per µL of CSF, 8.1 were lymphoblasts, which indicates infiltration of ALL cells in the CNS. The animal died one day after collection of bone barrow and CSF. Discussion: Relevant alterations observed in this case included the neurological signs caused by the infiltration of neoplastic cells in the CNS, severe leukocytosis and lymphocytosis, with large amounts of lymphoblasts in the blood and predominance of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow, which are alterations typically found in ALL. The animal also exhibited non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia, which were secondary to infiltration of leukemic cells in the bone marrow. The CSF exhibited pleocytosis (27 cells/ µL), and 30% of the cells observed were lymphoblasts. Lymphoblast infiltration in the CNS of leukemic dogs is rare, and other studies have reported absence of neurological signs or neurological signs different from those observed in the present study. CSF analysis in indicated in cases of leukemia to assess leukemic cell infiltration in the CNS. In the case reported here, the plasma level of alkaline phosphatase was increased (859 IU/L) as a consequence of hepatomegaly and hepatic cholestasis. ALL is a very aggressive, proliferative neoplasia, and the resulting lymphoblasts infiltrated the CNS of the animal. In cases of ALL, performing complete blood count, myelogram, and CSF analysis is indicated whether the patients exhibit neurological signs or not.

Utilization of Discriminant Formulas in the Differentiation of Alpha Thalassemia, Beta Thalassemia, and Iron Deficiency in Premarital Setting.

Iron deficiency and thalassemia are two commonly encountered microcytic and hypochromic anemias. The primary objective was to find the best discriminant formula between alpha thalassemia and iron deficiency to be used in premarital screening centers. The secondary objective, was to find cutoff values that might differentiate alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and iron deficiency collectively. A total of 224 females divided into four groups (normal, alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and iron deficiency) were recruited in this study after carrying out complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, serum ferritin, and molecular analysis. Based upon the laboratory data, 26 discriminant formulas (DF) were applied to differentiate alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and iron deficiency anemia. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index were determined. In this study, Shine and Lal, Ehsani, Telissani, Sirachainan, Hisham, Kandhro 2, and Mantos indexes showed 100% sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, and 1.00 AUC for differentiating alpha thalassemia from iron deficient group. Formulas that showed best sensitivity and specificity (100%) in the discrimination of beta thalassemia and iron deficiency were Mentzer, Shine & Lal, Sarivastava & Bevington, and Sirachainan index (AUC 1.00). AUC of Mentzer index was lower (0.988 vs. 1.00) in differentiating alpha thalassemia and iron deficiency than beta thalassemia and iron deficiency. Almost all discriminant formulas can be utilized for the prediction of microcytic anemia in a premarital setup after excluding beta thalassemia; however, further confirmation is mandatory for genetic counselling and iron supplementation. Furthermore, Bordbar, Kerman index I, and Huber-Herklotz index showed the lowest performance in the discrimination of alpha thalassemia and iron deficiency.

Impact of Breast Tumor Onset on Blood Count, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Lymphoid Subpopulations Supported by Automatic Classification Approach: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundRecent observations showed that systemic immune changes are detectable in case of breast cancer (BC). In this preliminary study, we investigated routinely measured peripheral blood (PB) parameters for malignant BC cases in comparison to benign breast conditions. Complete blood count, circulating lymphoid subpopulation, and serological carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were considered.MethodsA total of 127 female patients affected by malignant (n = 77, mean age = 63 years, min = 36, max = 90) BC at diagnosis (naïve patients) or benign breast conditions (n = 50, mean age = 33 years, min = 18, max = 60) were included in this study. For each patient, complete blood count and lymphoid subpopulations (T-helper, T-cytotoxic, B-, NK-, and NKT-cells) analysis on PB samples were performed. Hormonal receptor status, Ki-67 expression, and serological CEA and CA15-3 levels were assessed in the case of patients with malignant BC via statistical analysis.ResultsWomen with malignant BC disclosed increased circulating T-helper lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in PB when compared to those affected by benign breast conditions (2.345 vs 1.894, P < .05 Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the case of malignant BC patients, additive logistic regression method was able to identify malignant BC cases with increased CA15-3 levels (CA15-3 >25 UI/mL) via the hematocrit and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio values. Moreover, in the case of women with aggressive malignant BC featured by high levels of Ki-67 proliferation marker, an increasing number of correlations were found among blood count parameters and lymphocytes subpopulations by performing a Spearman’s correlation analysis.ConclusionsThis preliminary study confirms the ability of malignant BC to determine systemic modifications. The stratification of malignant BC cases according to the Ki-67 proliferation marker highlighted increasing detectable alterations in the periphery of women with aggressive BC. The advent of novel and more sensitive biomarkers, as well as deep immunophenotyping technologies, will provide additional insights for describing the relationship between tumor onset and peripheral alterations.

Evaluation of Beta Globin Gene Mutations in Beta Thalassemia Carrier Children in Aydın Province and its Environment

Objective: Beta thalassemia carriers (BTC) in Turkey is observed with a frequency of 2.1%, and it is the most common cause of anemia after iron deficiency. There are few studies showing the effect of genotype on phenotype in beta thalassemia carrying children. The aim of this study is to determine the mutation diversity of these children in and around Aydın and evaluate the effects of these mutations on complete blood count parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Methods: This study included mutation analysis of 65 patients who were diagnosed as BTC in Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Pediatric Hematology Outpatient Clinic between 01.01.2014 and 01.08.2019. Complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis and mutation analysis results were obtained from the computer data system and patient files. Research data were evaluated by using SPSS 21.0 statistics program. Results: 39 (60.0%) of the sixty-five patients were male, 26 (40.0%) were female, and the mean age was 8.34±4.94 years. When full blood count parameters were analyzed, 87.7% had anemia, 100% microcytosis and high red cell distribution width (RDW) level, 49.2% hypochromia and 87.7% high red blood cell (RBC) count. RDW level was ≥16 in 66.2% of the cases. Seventeen different mutations were detected. The mutations most frequently occurred in “intron 1” gene region (66.1%). The most common ones were IVS I-110 (44.11%), IVS I-1 G&gt;A Heterozygotes (8.8%,) IVS I-6 T&gt;C Heterozygotes (7.5%) and IVS II-745 (7.5%). RDW level was ≥16 in 66.2% of the cases. Seventeen different mutations were detected. The mutations most frequently occurred in “intron 1” (66.1%) gene region. IVS I-110 (44.11%), IVS I-1 G&gt;A Heterozygotes (8.8%,) IVS I-6 T&gt;C Heterozygotes (7.5%) and IVS II-745 (7.5%) were observed most commonly. In patients with IVS I-110 mutation, mean Hb level was 10.55 gr/dL, MCV level was 58.44 fL, RDW level was 16.51, RBC level was 5680x10⁹/L, HbA2 level was 4.77%, HbF level was 2.34%. Mutations detected in 12 patients with HbF level above 5% were as IVS I-110 (5 people), IVS I-6 T&gt;C Heterozygotes, Codon 39 C&gt;T Heterozygotes, IVS I-116, c.25-26 del AA (plys9Valfs) Heterozygotes, c.27dupG (pSer10valfs*14), c316-373 (IVSII-478 C&gt;A Heterozygotes), -87 C&gt;T Heterozygotes. Mentzer index was calculated as &gt;13 in six patients (9.2%). The mutations seen in these patients were IVS-I 110, c.27dupG (p.Ser10valfs*14), c316-373 (IVS II-478 C&gt;A Heterozygotes), -87 C&gt;T Heterozygotes. There were four patients (6.1%) with a RDW index &gt;220. Two of these patients had c.27dupG (p.Ser10valfs*14) and others had c316-373 (IVS II-478 C&gt;A Heterozygotes) and -87 C&gt;T Heterozygotes mutations. Mutations detected in four patients with HbF levels in the range of 9.48-15.67 were IVS I-116 T&gt;G Heterozygotes, IVS I-110 G&gt;A Heterozygotes, c.25-26 del AA (p.lys59valfs) Heterozygotes, c27 dupG (pSer10 valfs*14) and three of these mutations carrying β° mutation type were located in exon 1 and one of them carrying β⁺ mutation type (IVS I-110) was in intron 1. Conclusion: The same mutations detected in patients with beta thalassemia carriers have different effects on complete blood count parameters. HbA2 and HbF levels suggest that these mutations are not effective on the phenotype alone and there may be additional factors which should be clarified. We think that there may be BTC in cases with low RBC, Mentzer index ≥13 and RDW index ≥220, HbA2 &lt;3.5 and studying the mutation analysis of these patients will contribute significantly to the literature.

Assessment of cluster of differentiation 4 and 8 among children with trisomy 21

Background Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder with more probability of recurrent infections. Aim This study aimed to determine the differences in lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8) between DS children and to study the pattern and likelihood for recurrent infections and hospital admission due to infection. Patients and methods This study was carried out in the Genetic Unit of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. The study enrolled 61 individuals with DS. They were assessed for recurrent infections [including otitis media, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), and gastroenteritis] and hospital admission due to infections. All patients were subjected to complete blood count and flow cytometric analysis for expression markers of T lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8). Results The authors found a statistically significant increase in the frequency of URTIs. In terms of the type of recurrent infection in DS, it was the highest for URTIs. A statistically significant decrease was found in CD4 in the DS patients. Nonsignificant correlations were found between CD markers and hospital admission. Conclusion An increase in the incidence and the recurrence of infections among children with DS, especially URTI, pneumonia and gastroenteritis, was reported in the present work. Children with DS showed decreased absolute CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio less than normal values of similar children younger than 6 years of age. Also, normal or even increased levels of absolute CD8 were evident in children with DS.

Evaluation of Platelet Indices and Complete Blood Count in Canine Mammary Tumors

Background: Malignant mammary tumors in humans and bitches cause hematological disorders such as anemia, erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and leucopenia. Novel studies have been conducted on the predictive and prognostic values of platelet (PLT) indices in human breast cancer (HBC). However, there is little information about the alterations in hematological parameters in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). The aims of this study were to evaluate the platelet indices and complete blood count (CBC) parameters in bitches with and without mammary tumor and to assess the above mentioned parameters with regard to histological tumor types and grades.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: A total of 71 bitches were enrolled in this study. The bitches in the study group were divided into 2 groups which consisted of malignant epithelial mammary tumors (group EMT; n = 43) and malignant mixed mammary tumors (group MMT; n = 12). Control group (group C) consisted of clinically and gynaecologically healthy 16 bitches. Blood samples were obtained to perform the CBC and PLT indices analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out under a light microscope. Histological tumor types and malignancy grades were classified. The bitches with mammary tumor showed significantly increased PLT values and decreased hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values versus the healthy ones, regardless of the tumor type. However, in comparisons with the group C, mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were different only in the group MMT, while plateletcrit (PCT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were different only in the group EMT. Also white blood cell (WBC), PLT and PCT values were higher than the referenced laboratory ranges in grade 3 tumors. In the presented study, MPV was considerably correlated with PLT, platelet distribution width (PDW) and PCT. Also, PCT and PLT had high sensitivity and specificity to distinct EMT and MMT from the healthy bitches.Discussion: Microcytic and hypochromic anemia occurs due to the decrease in the amount of HGB. Levels of MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the HBC group were reported to be significantly lower than in humans without breast cancer. Although anemia did not occur in EMT and MMT groups, obtained significances in the HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels between the bitches with and without mammary tumor were in line with the previous reports. In this study, WBC levels in grade 3 tumors were significantly higher than grade1 tumors (P &lt; 0.05). Whereas levels of WBC in grade 1 and grade 2 tumors were in referenced laboratory ranges, it was higher in grade 3. Increased level of WBC in grade 3 was supposed to be due to the rise in malignancy as previously reported. Thrombocytosis was detected in 48.83% and 41.66% of the bitches in EMT and MMT groups, respectively. The higher percentage of CMTs with thrombocytosis in this study might be due to the difference in referenced upper limit of PLT in previous studies. The elapsed time between tumor formation and clinical presentation could be another influencing factor. Although PLT and PCT values were not significant according to the histological grading in this study, both parameters were found to be higher in grade 3 than the normal reference values. Further studies conducted with higher populations may lead the differences in these parameters to significance. With the support of further studies, alterations in the above mentioned parameters in bitches may contribute in the diagnosis process, management of treatment and may constitute an easy way to have an idea about the prognosis of mammary tumors.

Incidental detection of malaria parasite in automated hematology 6-Differential analyzer

India has been facing the problem of malaria for centuries. Peripheral smear microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is a tedious process and requires qualified staff. Flow cytometric-based hematology analyzers' scattergrams can be of vital use in identifying the abnormal scattergrams for malaria. We report a patient with fever and chills who presented to the outpatient department and was further evaluated for pyrexia of unknown origin. 6-Diff complete blood count analyzer incidentally showed abnormal scattergram which was evaluated by a pathologist and confirmed the presence of Plasmodium vivax. The accuracy in detection of malaria diagnosis can vary based on species, parasite load, immunity, and clinical context. Pathologist and technical staff should analyze any abnormal scattergram and hematological data along with peripheral smear to identify the parasites.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 positivity using machine learning methods on blood count data: External validation of state-of-the-art models

Introduction: The aim of the paper is to present the results from the process of external validation of a number of machine learning (ML) models that had been previously developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus positivity on both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients on the basis of the complete blood count (CBC) test. Methods: Briefly, models were trained using a dataset of 816 COVID-19 positive and 920 negative cases collected at the emergency departments of IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi. 21 parameters, including the results of the CBC analysis, age [60.9 (0.9) years], gender (57% males) and the presence of COVID-19 related symptoms were used. The validation regarded the evaluation of the error rate (through different metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC)) of the models considered. This external validation was conducted on two well balanced datasets coming from two different hospitals in Northern Italy: Desio hospital and Bergamo Papa Giovanni XXIII hospital. 163 positive and 174 true negative patients from Desio, and 104 positive and 145 true negative from Bergamo were included in the validation. Results: The performance of the predictive models is satisfactory as we can report an average AUC of 95% for both external datasets. Conclusion: ML models have been applied to hematological parameters for a more rapid and cost-effective detection of the COVID-19 disease. We make the point that validated models may be useful in the management and early detection of potential COVID-19 patients.

Detection of Acute Myeloid Leukemia based on White Blood Cell Morphological Imaging using Naïve Bayesian Algorithm

The process of diagnosing AML is based on the complete blood-count analysis of the patients. As such, it involves high energy consumption, long completion times, and is rather expensive compared to conventional medical practices. One of the methods for identifying tumor cells involves the utilization of image-processing techniques based on the morphology of white blood cells (WBCs). The principal objective of this study involves the identification of AML cells—especially of the AML M1 and AML M2 types—through morphological imaging of WBCs using the Naïve Bayes' Classifier. The Image-processing methods used in this study include YCbCr color space classification, image thresholding, morphological operations, chain code representation, and the use of bounding boxes. Regardless of the processing technique used, all identification procedures, performed in this study, were based on the Naïve Bayes' Classifier. The test process was performed on 30 images of each of the AML M1 and M2 cell types. The use of the cell identification method proposed in this study demonstrated an accuracy of 73.33%. While the accuracy of cell type identification is 54.92%. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is inferred that the Naïve Bayes' Classifier method can be employed in the process of identifying dominant AML cell types amongst AML M1 and AML M2 (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, and metamyelocyte) based on the morphology of WBCs.

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Status among Hypertensive Subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, South East, Nigeria

Aim: The Complete Blood Count (CBC) among hypertensive subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria West Africa were studied.&#x0D; Methodology: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017) current definition of hypertension was used to ascertain, diagnoses and assigned eighty (80)hypertensive subjects after three different consecutive blood pressure check into tests groups. Other blood pressure measures such as pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure were calculated appropriately. Venous blood samples were collected with 5mls syringe and immediately emptied into EDTA container for complete blood count analysis.&#x0D; Results: The results showed increase in RBC count, HB, PCV and decrease in MCV among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects. It was statistically insignificant in all age groups. No changes were seen in MCHC and MCH. The results also, showed increase in PLTS count. The increase in PLTS count was statistically significant at P&lt;0.05 and &lt;0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-65yrs and &gt;66yrs respectively. Increase in PLTS count among 20-35yr age group was not significant. There were increase in WBC count among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects in all age groups. It was statistically significant at P&lt;0.05 and &lt;0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-50yrs and &gt;66yrs respectively. Neutrophil was increased in all age groups and was statistically significant at P&lt;0.05 except 20-35yr age group. No changes were seen on lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.&#x0D; Conclusion: Haematological parameters investigated could predict possible cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertension.

Rational perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open damages of brush in children

Introduction. Today, hand injuries are one of the most pressing and common problems in modern traumatology worldwide. Results obtained statistically indicate a fairly high frequency of hand injuries, including open ones. Often, an incorrect prescription of antibiotics in the form of unjustified antibiotic therapy in the absence of direct indications is done.&#x0D; Aim. This study aimed to develop a rational algorithm for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open hand injuries in children based on experimental and clinical research.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was divided into two phases: experimental and clinical. The experiment was carried out on 60 sexually mature, outbred guinea pigs. During the experiment, the analysis of clinical signs of inflammation, complete blood count and biochemical blood analysis, spiral computed tomography, and morphological study of the consolidation zone were performed. The clinical part of the work is based on the analysis of surgical treatment results of 120 children with open hand injuries, which were divided into two groups: the main group that included 50 children receiving treatment according to the experimentally developed perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) algorithm, and the comparison group included 70 children receiving a perioperative course of antibiotics from 0 to 7 days, without a well-defined algorithm.&#x0D; Results. In the analysis of clinical results, laboratory, radiation, and morphological methods of studying the experimental material, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures of small tubular bones with a 90% probability was found to entail pro-inflammatory complications in the area of postoperative wound; however, a one day short-term course of PAP will prevent complications and will not have statistically significant differences with a longer course of three days.&#x0D; Discussion. Results of a clinical study proved the effectiveness of the developed algorithm and showed better results in early and late postoperative period in comparison with the chaotic prescription of antibacterial drugs without a clear algorithm; however, no statistically significant differences in the level of postoperative complications were found.&#x0D; Conclusion. On the basis of an experimental model of an open fracture of the tubular bone, osteosynthesis and various courses of antibiotic prophylaxis has proven that a short-term course of PAP within 24 h is the most optimal one, and achieving minimal risks of inflammatory complications and better anatomical and functional outcomes in clinical practice.