Complete Block Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of approach sites in right ventricular biopsy: influence on complication rates, particularly conduction defects

Abstract Background Myocardial biopsy is an essential procedure for the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. As specific treatment for secondary cardiomyopathies becomes available, EMB becoming increasingly important. Although the procedure can be performed safely at institutions familiar with the procedure, some institutions tend to hesitate to perform EMB because of procedural complications. In addition, complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) is a complication of right ventricular biopsy (RV-EMB) that occurs at a certain rate. Therefore, Patient with complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) often exibit reluctance to undergo RV-EMB due to the risk of complete atrioventricular block. Although there are two approaches to RV-EMB, transfemoral vein and trans-intracavitary vein, and each institution is familiar with its approach, no study has ever looked at the difference in complication rates, mainly complete right bundle branch block, due to the different approach sites for right ventricular biopsy. Aims This study aims to examine the differences in complication rates, mainly CRBBB, due to differences in the approach site of the RV-EMB procedure. Methods/Results The subjects were 338 consecutive patients who underwent RV-EMB at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2022. We performed a retrospective analysis of 274 cases, excluding 43 cases that were originally CRBBB and 21 cases with ventricular pacing, ventricular fibrillation (VF), complete atrioventricular block from beginning to end, and no pre- and post-ECGs. The transfemoral venous approach group (Group TF) included 96 cases and the transjugular venous approach (Group TJ) included 178 cases, with Group TF using more warfarin (13.5% vs. 3.4%, p=0.004) and obtaining fewer specimens compared to Group TJ (3.0±1.0 vs. 3.8±0.6 pieces, p<0.001). Transient CRBBB was present in 28 (29.2%) patients in Group TF and 12 (6.7%) patients in Group TJ (p<0.001); CRBBB persisted beyond 24 hours in 8 (8.3%) and 2 (1.1%) patients, respectively. There was one case of cardiac tamponade in Group TF and two cases of VF in Group TJ, but no cases of stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, or death. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the transfemoral approach and corticosteroid administration emerged as independent predictor in the occurrence of CRBBB (p<0.001, odds ratio 0.17 and p=0.021, odds ratio 3.76, respectively.), whereas in cases of sustained CRBBB, solely the transfemoral approach stood as an independent predictor (p=0.002, odds ratio 0.07). Conclusions In RV-EMB, the transjugular venous approach has the potential to decrease CRBBB as a complication. The transjugular vein approach may be preferable in cases where complete AV block is a concern, such as patients who originally have CLBBB.

Prediction of mortality, future arrhythmia and cardiovascular disease: an artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography platform

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography (AI-ECG) can be used to identify existing disease, but could additionally be used to predict occurrence of future disease and death. Purpose We developed an AI-ECG platform that predicts mortality and a wide spectrum of future arrhythmia and cardiovascular disease. Methods The AI-ECG risk estimation platform (AIRE) was developed in a dataset of 1,163,401 ECGs from 189,539 patients from a secondary care setting in the USA. Uniquely, AIRE uses deep learning with a residual convolutional neural network with a discrete-time survival loss function to output subject-specific survival curves (Fig 1A). AIRE was fine-tuned to additionally predict the endpoints described below. Results AIRE accurately predicts risk of all-cause mortality (C-index 0.775 (0.773-0.776) and can differentiate prognosis in high- and low-risk subjects, even when only cardiologist-defined normal ECGs are considered (Fig 2B). Additionally, in Cox regression analyses, AIRE was superior to conventional risk factors (Fig 1B). AIRE accurately predicted future ventricular arrhythmia (c-index 0.760 (0.756-0.763)), future complete heart block (CHB) (0.809 (0.805-0.814), future atrial fibrillation (0.753 (0.751-0.756), future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (0.696 (0.694-0.698)) and future heart failure (0.787 (0.785-0.789)) . AIRE was superior to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in predicting risk of future ventricular arrhythmias in subjects with LVEF <50% (C-index 0.649 (0.638 – 0.660) vs 0.615 (0.603 – 0.626) p < 0.0001 ). For CHB prediction, AIRE was able to further risk stratify subjects with bifascicular block and syncope into low (1.9% 5 year CHB), intermediate (8.8%), and high risk (20.7%) groups, and could guide treatment decisions. We externally validated our findings in four diverse, transnational cohorts from Brazil and the UK, including volunteers, primary care subjects and patients with Chagas disease, and found AIRE accurately predicted all-cause mortality in all four external cohorts (Fig 2). Non-mortality endpoints were successful externally validated in the UKB. In explainability analyses, we found features of QRS morphology, low QRS voltage, poor precordial R wave progression, inverted and biphasic T waves and ST segment changes were the most significant morphological features associated with high predicted mortality (Fig 1D). Through phenome- and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified candidate biological pathways including changes in cardiac structure (LV mass, LV trabeculation and left atrial size). GWAS identified variants adjacent to VGLL2, KCNQ1, CCDC91 and TBX3 which have been described in association with QT interval, biological aging and metabolic syndrome (Fig 1E). Conclusion AIRE could be used worldwide across a range of clinical contexts for risk estimation of not only mortality but a wide spectrum of future arrhythmia and cardiovascular diseases.Figure 1Figure 2

Safety of electrophysiological study in atrioventricular block risk stratification in new-onset persistent left bundle brunch block following transcathether aortic valve implantation

Abstract Background A significant percentage of patients develops a persistent complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) following TAVI. Electrophysiological (EP) study could be useful to stratify the risk of atrioventricular block (AVB) in these patients, guiding the need of follow-up and the indication of definite pacemaker. Purpose The primary objective of the study was describing the incidence of bradyarrhythmic events in the 30-day follow-up of patients with new-onset LBBB: AV block with ECG long-term monitoring system (Nuubo) in patients with negative EP study, and ≥ 5 % of ventricular stimulation in patients with positive EP study and pacemaker implantation. Methodology Observational prospective study of consecutive patients without previous permanent pacemaker implantation where transfemoral TAVI was implanted between 2021 and 2023. In case new-onset complete LBBB was present after TAVI, an EP study was performed. EP study was considered positive when His-Ventricule interval was more than 70ms, or after procainamide infusion at 10mg/kg, more than 100ms or more than double the basal HV interval. In case EP was positive, a permanent pacemaker was implanted. In case EP was negative, a 30-day follow-up with ECG long-term monitoring system (Nuubo) was performed. Results In this cohort, 266 patients without pacemaker following TAVI were included. Persistent new-onset left bundle branch block was present in 10,15% of patients (n=27). EP study was positive in 29.62% of patients (n=8), following a definite pacemaker implantation. During follow-up, only one patient (12.5%) was dependent of ventricular stimulation. The group with negative EP study (n=19) were monitored with a 30-day ECG long-term monitoring system (Nuubo). No bradyarrhythmic events were registered in this group. Conclusions Approximately one tenth of patients develop persistent new-onset LBBB after TAVI. Events were seldom in both study groups. Positive EP study patients were dependent of ventricular stimulation in 12.5% of cases, and there was no bradyarrhythmic event registered in EP negative group. EP study could be a safe tool to stratify AVB risk in new-onset LBBB following TAVI.

Fulminant myocarditis associated with human rhinovirus A66 infection: a case report

BackgroundHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are among the most common pathogens of upper respiratory infections, and they are responsible for the common cold. An increasing number of studies have shown that HRV is associated with more severe illness. However, HRV-associated fulminant myocarditis has rarely been reported.Patient presentationA previously healthy 8-year-old boy developed fever, fatigue, and vomiting for 3 days, with a subsequent exacerbation accompanied by confusion lasting for 9 h. The day before admission, the patient presented with oliguria, confusion, and hypotension, and he was suspected of having myocarditis. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. On admission, rough and moist rales were detected, and the heart sounds were muffled, accompanied by an irregular heart rhythm and a gallop. An electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed a wide QRS complex, ST-segment depression, premature ventricular contractions, and complete right bundle branch block. Laboratory tests revealed that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro BNP (NT-pro BNP), and cardiac biomarkers, such as troponin I, creatinine kinase (CK), and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were elevated. Additionally, echocardiography revealed an ejection fraction of approximately 28%. The child developed severe cardiac dysfunction and tissue hypoperfusion, and the cardiogenic shock could not be corrected despite active drug therapy. He had indications for ECMO implantation. A rarely reported rhinovirus, namely, A66, was detected in his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and oropharyngeal swabs via metagenomic next-generation sequencing and a PCR assay. Bacterial culture of all the samples yielded negative results.ConclusionsThis case presents a patient with severe human rhinovirus A66 infection, which is likely responsible for fulminant myocarditis. This report facilitates prompt diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis. Clinicians should consider rhinovirus as a possible pathogen of fulminant myocarditis, especially when patients present with symptoms or signs of heart involvement.

Prognostic value of synthetized right-side precordial leads in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: data from nordic, dutch, and canadian ARVC registers

Abstract Background T-wave inversion (TWI) in standard ECG leads is a proven risk marker for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Right-sided precordial leads (RSPL), which may be more sensitive for detection of the arrhythmogenic substrate, are rarely recorded and understudied in this context. Computerized ECG signal-processing allows synthesis of right-sided precordial ECG leads derived from standard 12-lead ECG. Objective We aimed to assess the value of TWI in RSPL, synthetized from the standard 12-lead ECG, for prediction of VA risk in ARVC patients with subtle ECG phenotypes. Methods Patients with definite ARVC by TFC2010 and no history of sustained VA prior to diagnosis from the Nordic, Canadian and Dutch ARVC registries were included. Patients with major repolarization criterion or complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) were excluded. RSPL (V3R-V6R) were derived from digitally recorded eight linearly independent leads (I, II and precordial V1 to V6) of the standard ECG using a linear ECG transformation matrix. The matrix was previously developed based on a library of body surface potential maps from a mixed group of healthy subjects and patients with cardiac diseases using multivariate linear regression and QRS-T data obtained from averaged beats of the right-sided-precordial leads and the basis leads. TWI exceeding 0.1 mV in any of the synthetized leads was tested for its ability to predict sustained VA, defined as either sustained ventricular tachycardia, appropriate ICD shock, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death. In a similar manner, the value of TWI in any of the inferior leads III, aVF or II was assessed. Hazard ratio was calculated using Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and proband status. Results In total, 144 patients without prior VA history were identified. After exclusion of patients with major repolarization criterion (n=37) and RBBB (n=11), 96 patients comprised the study group (mean age 40±16, 42% female, 41% probands, 48% ICD carriers). Fifty-nine patients (62%) had TWI in one or more synthetized RSPL and 33 patients (34%) had TWI in any of the inferior leads. During 10 years of follow-up, 11 patients (12%) developed VA. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed significant association between the presence of TWI in at least one of the RSPL and the risk of VA, which remained an independent predictor in the adjusted Cox regression analysis (HR 10.6, 95%CI 1.3-84.4, p=0.026). TWI in any of the inferior leads was not associated with the risk of VA in this cohort (HR 1.2 95%CI 0.26-5.42). Conclusions Synthetized right-sided precordial leads appear to contain information potentially useful for refining risk stratification of primary prevention ARVC patients with a subtle ECG phenotype, in whom traditional repolarization markers, such as major repolarization criterion or TWI in inferior leads, are not informative.

Verification of intra- and inter-atrial conduction during Bachmann's bundle pacing using longitudinal bi-atrial strain

Abstract Introduction Although atrial septal pacing has been reported to reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) burden, there is less evidence regarding its effect on the prevention of permanent AF and the improvement of long-term clinical outcomes. However, Bachmann's bundle pacing (BBp), which features P-wave morphology similar to sinus rhythm and shortened P-wave duration (PWD), was reported to significantly reduce permanent AF recurrences and occurrences compared with right atrial appendage pacing (RAAp) and non-specific right septal pacing. Purpose Possible mechanisms for AF suppression with BBp are that fast inter-atrial conduction through BB decreases global atrial activation time and the dispersion of the overall atrial refractoriness, and it prevents the decrease in left ventricular filling and increase in left atrial pressure associated with delayed left atrial contraction. Intra-and inter-atrial conduction during BBp was evaluated using longitudinal bi-atrial strain. Methods In patients with successful BBp implantation defined by electrocardiographic criteria using SelectSecure pacing lead and C315 delivery catheter (Medtronic, Inc), both left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in simultaneous phases were measured using Philips Ultrasound Workspace 2D Strain in apical 4-chamber view during atrial pacing to assess intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay. The atrial GLS were measured semi-automatically, and the strain rate was analyzed in the three segments of septal wall, lateral wall, and roof and their average. The negative peak of strain rate during atrial systole was the starting point of atrial contraction, and time to peak (TTP) was measured. The difference in TTP between septal and lateral walls in each atrium was measured as intra-atrial conduction delay and the difference in average TTP between LA and RA as inter-atrial conduction delay. Results Ten patients who underwent successful BBp were enrolled (Sick sinus syndrome: 3, advanced atrioventricular block: 2, complete atrioventricular block: 5). At implantation, bipolar atrial electrogram amplitude was 2.03±0.93 mV, atrial lead impedance was 632.7±157.6 Ω, and atrial pacing threshold was 0.7±0.2 V at 0.4 ms. The PWD during sinus rhythm on the 12-lead ECG was 132.8±10.6 ms, while during BBp it was 108.0±11.9 ms, which was significantly shorter in the BBp group (p<0.001). The intra-atrial conduction delay in RA and LA was 10.9 ± 12.1 ms and 12.1 ± 17.3 ms, respectively, and the inter-atrial conduction delay was 6.6 ± 8.6 ms. On the other hand, for the 10 RAAp and 10 sinus rhythm patients as control groups, the inter-atrial conduction delay was 29.7±13.8 ms and 8.5±9.5 ms, respectively. BBp had significantly less inter-atrial conduction delay than RAAp (p=0.005) and was comparable to sinus rhythm (p=0.719). Conclusion Longitudinal bi-atrial strain suggested that BBp significantly reduced inter-atrial delay and it might be effective in AF suppression.Longitudinal bi-atrial strain

Collision mapping enables accurate localization of the slow pathway in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

Abstract Introduction Atrioventricular Node Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT) is commonly treated with catheter ablation, with high success and low complication rates. However a small risk of complete AV block still remains. Recent studies could show that using collision map is a feasible approach in mapping the slow pathway. The aim of the current study is to show a reduction of the total ablation points needed to modify/ablate the slow pathway using the collision mapping compared to conventional 3D mapping guided slow pathway modulation/ablation and therefore minimize the risk of a complete heart block. Methods Patients diagnosed with AVNRT (n = 24) underwent collision mapping for slow pathway identification, compared to a historical cohort (n=76) using conventional mapping. For collision mapping a dynamic visualization of atrial propagation during sinus rhythm was condcted. Two propagation fronts were observed to collide at the triangle of Koch, one propagation through the slow and one through the fast pathway. The designated collision zone was considered ideal for catheter ablation (Figure 1). The endpoint after ablation in both groups was non-inducibility of AVNRTs. Results After propensity score matching the collision mapping group needed significantly fewer ablation impulses (2 (IQR 1 - 5) vs. 6 (IQR 2,5 - 11,5) p = 0.002) and shorter ablation time (p < 0.001) compared to the conventional group (Table 1). No significant differences were observed in procedure time (p = 0.209), fluoroscopy time (p = 0.296), or dose area product (p = 0.391). Conclusion Collision Mapping in AVNRT ablation showed a notable reduction in ablation points, suggesting enhanced procedural efficiency and safety.Figure 1Table1

Sudden cardiac death in acute coronary occlusion: potential roles of sino-atrial nodal artery and conus artery

Abstract An estimated 80% of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is due to coronary artery disease1. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is most commonly associated with LAD infarctions, likely due to the larger extent of affected myocardium, but non-LAD territory infarctions also present with VA. We propose two potential contributors, the sinoatrial nodal artery (SANa) and conus artery (CA). We retrospectively analyzed 2 cohorts of patients presenting with STEMI complicated by SCD due to VA, and whether these arteries were compromised in non-LAD territory STEMI, compared with uncomplicated STEMI. In the first, cohort A, we compared 127 consecutive STEMI patients presenting with cardiac arrest, with 100 uncomplicated STEMI. SANa and CA involvement was assessed in patients presenting with non-LAD territory STEMI. In the second, cohort B, we looked at patients presenting with inferior STEMI involving the RCA only, 20 complicated by aborted SCD due to VA compared with 24 uncomplicated patients. Cohort A (see table) showed a preponderance of single vessel and proximal LAD culprits in the arrest group and a significant number of non-LAD culprits. The extent and complexity of coronary disease and amount of myocardium at risk, reflected in SYNTAX and modified Jeopardy scores, were not significantly different between arrest and non-arrest groups. In those with RCA or Circumflex culprits, 77% in the Arrest group had the SANa arising from the culprit vessel, with only 33% of patients in the Control group, p<0.005. In cohort B, 70% of arrest and 21% of non-arrest patients had SANa involvement, p<0.005. In this cohort, we also observed that 74% of the arrest patients had CA involvement, compared with only 21% of Control patients, p<0.005. There were no significant differences in heart rate nor incidence of complete heart block and atrial arrhythmia in either cohort. There was significantly more ST elevation in standard leads V1-V2, suggesting RVOT ischemia, in those with aborted SCD and RCA culprit in both cohorts (cohort B: Arrests 85% vs non-arrest 21%, p<0.005. The SANa arises from the proximal RCA in 60% of people, and 40% from the left system. Transient ischemia leading to sinus bradycardia may not result in as marked QT prolongation compared with AV block at comparable heart rates, but in the ischemic environment, with hypotension provoking sympathetic upregulation, may lead to enough repolarization heterogeneity to induce VA. The CA arises from the RCA in 50% or more, and otherwise from the right coronary sinus, supplying the RVOT, a region prone to arrhythmogenesis, even in structurally normal hearts, more so if ischemic. Recognizing the potential role of these arterial branches in the VA mechanism would alert operators into preserving their patency. Transient disturbances may not translate into long term adverse outcomes, but whereas permanent damage to the SAN is more readily remedied, further study is needed to assess any long-term sequelae of RVOT infarction.

Cusp-overlap technique to reduce permanent pacemaker implantation rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Abstract Background Persistent conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation are one of the most common complications after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Cusp-Overlap Technique (COT) is a novel approach for self-expandable valve implantation to minimize the rate of procedural complications, mainly PPM implantation. Purpose To determine if the COT during TAVI with self-expandable valves leads to a reduction of PPM implantation rate in the real-world setting. Methods A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing TAVI between January 2020 and November 2023 in one high-volume tertiary care center in Portugal was conducted. Two groups were defined, the COT group and the control group based on the fluoroscopic approach. A baseline comparison between the 2 groups was made using independent-samples t-test and chi-square analysis to determine if there was a difference between the prevalence of known risk factors for PPM implantation after TAVI. Afterwards, chi-square analysis was used to determine if COT led to a reduction in the PPM implantation rate. Results Of the 539 completed procedures in this timeframe, 289 were excluded due to previous pacemaker implantation, use of a valve not amenable to COT or valve-in-valve implantation. COT was used in 57.6% of eligible cases. Baseline comparison did not show a significant difference in the prevalence of several known risk factors for PPM implantation, including complete right bundle branch block, atrio-ventricular block, calcium score, aortic ring dimensions and pre/post-dilation. PPM implantation after TAVI was required in 31.6% of cases. In the COT group the PPM implantation rate was 22.9% and in the control group 43.4%. Chi-square analysis showed a very statistically significant difference between the 2 analyzed groups (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion PPM implantation remains a frequent complication of TAVI. However, this study showed that the utilization of COT leads to a reduction of the PPM implantation rate.

Optimizing Irrigation Scheduling to Enhance Nutrient Uptake and Soil Microbial Activity in Linseed Cultivation (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Linseed crop cultivated under residual moisture and water scarcity conditions in rabi season. To improve the productivity of linseed irrigation water is applied at different stages of crop. So, to optimize the irrigation scheduling and enhance the nutrient uptake and soil microbial activity, this experiment was conducted at Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (which comes under North Eastern Dry zone of Karnataka) (India) during rabi 2023-24. The experiment was carried out with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The results revealed that, pre sowing irrigation fb three irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), flowering stage (40-45 DAS) and capsule development stage (60-65 DAS) (T4) recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake by linseed crop (46.07, 19.87 and 39.83 NPK kg ha-1). The rainfed condition treatment (T5) recorded significantly lower nutrient uptake by the crop (19.35, 8.15 and 18.40 NPK kg ha-1). Among the different treatments, pre sowing irrigation fb three irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), flowering stage (40-45 DAS) and capsule development stage (60-65 DAS) recorded significantly higher soil microbial population of bacteria (16.1 X 106 cfu g-1 of soil), fungi (13.8 X 104 cfu g-1 of soil) and actinomycetes (6.8 X 103 cfu g-1 of soil) as compared to other treatments. The soil enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by scheduling of irrigation at different growth stages in linseed. At harvest among the different treatments, pre sowing irrigation fb three irrigations at vegetative stage (30-35 DAS), flowering stage (40-45 DAS) and capsule development stage (60-65 DAS) recorded significantly higher dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity (18.63 μg TPF g-1 soil day-1, 22.5 μg NH4-N g-1 soil hr-1 and 14.4 µg PNP g-1 soil hr-1, respectively).

Composition of Donkey Meat (Equus Asinus) from the Puno Region, Peru

Objective: To determine the proximate chemical composition of donkey meat (Equus asinus) considering the variables of animal class (young and adult) and commercial cut (shoulder, rib and leg) with the purpose of nutritionally assessing it as an alternative source of red meat. Theoretical Framework: Donkey meat is characterized by a low intramuscular fat content and could be used as a valid alternative to other species of red meat such as beef and sheep in the Puno region, Peru. However, little is known about the nutritional quality of meat from donkeys that are slaughtered at the main equine slaughterhouse in southern Peru. Method: Muscle tissue samples were taken from the following muscles: deltoid, Longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris representing the commercial cuts of shoulder, rib and leg, respectively. Chemical analysis (moisture, protein, fat and ash) was performed following the protocols established for meat by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), in the Bromatology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of UNA-Puno. Data analysis was performed in a randomized complete block design (DBCA) and the LSD significance test (α=0.05). Results and Discussion: The proximate chemical composition of donkey meat is as follows: moisture 73.79%, protein 19.23%, fat 4.53% and ash 1.20%. The animal class (young and adult) and the commercial cut (shoulder, rib and leg) have a significant effect on the moisture and fat content (p≤0.05), with an inverse relationship between the two; but there is no effect on the protein and ash content (p>0.05). Implications of the research: It was possible to demonstrate that the meat of donkeys from the Puno region has a similar composition to the red meat of other domestic species, so it can be a good alternative to replace red meat. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by knowing the chemical composition of donkey meat from the Puno region, Peru for consumption purposes as a substitute for red meat or for the preparation of meat by-products.

Variability of Agronomic Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines in Two Agroecosystems in Indonesia

Wheat is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, yet the country remains heavily reliant on imports to meet domestic demand. The diverse agroclimatic conditions in the highlands and lowlands pose significant challenges for national wheat production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of wheat lines in two distinct altitude environments: Cipanas (1120 m above sea level) and Cisarua (600 m above sea level). An augmented randomized complete block design (RCBD) assessed 50 F6 wheat lines derived from the HP1744/”Selayar” cross. The results revealed significant variability in agronomic traits attributable to altitude differences. However, genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions were found to be non-significant for all evaluated characters. Broad-sense heritability was classified as medium for the grain-filling period in Cipanas and seed weight of the main panicle in Cisarua, while all other traits exhibited low heritability. Based on the stress sensitivity index (SSI), 14 lines (28%) were identified as tolerant to higher temperatures in the medium-altitude environment, particularly in terms of seed weight of the main panicle. These findings are of utmost importance as they underscore the need to consider genetic and environmental factors in developing wheat cultivars suitable for Indonesia’s diverse agro-climatic conditions.

Root Characteristics and Its Correlation with Yield of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes in Bangladesh

The growth capacity and yield characteristics of crop plants are significantly influenced by their roots. To determine the influence of root characteristics and its correlation with yield of maize genotypes, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Bangladesh during December 2014 to May 2015. The experimental materials were ZM 0001, ZM 0002, ZM 0003, ZM 0004, ZM 0005, ZM 0006, ZM 0007 and BARI Maize 6. Three replications and a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were used to set up the experiment. Necessary cultural practices were followed as and when require during the growing period. Data were recorded on number of roots plant-1, root length, root spreading until grain filling stage (90 days after germination) and dry matter accumulation of roots at 30 days interval until harvest. The results indicated that root number of maize genotypes increased from 30 to 90 DAG at a constant rate and in the grain filling stage and it was limited within 32.33 to 42.67. Root length was also increased from 30 to 90 DAG at a constant rate and in the grain filling stage it was limited within 25.33 to 31.1 cm. Root spreading was continued to increase from germination stage to 90 DAG and it was varied from 22 to 27.73 cm. Dry matter accumulation of roots increased gradually from 30 to 60 and 90 DAG up to harvest. In this study, root shoot ratio (RSR) and root weight ratio (RWR) had significant correlation with maize yield. From the root length and root spreading data, it is suggested that moderate tillage and a plant to plant distance spacing of 25-30 cm can be maintained for better yield of maize.

Effect of sowing methods, spacings, and fertilizer levels on quantitative and qualitative traits and economics of brown top millet (Brachiaria ramosa L.) under different cropping seasons

A field study was conducted during the Summer, Kharif, and Rabi seasons of 2023-2024 to evaluate brown top millet under two sowing methods (direct sowing and transplantation), three spacing configurations (20 x 10, 30 x 10 and 45 x 10 cm), and three fertilizer doses (75% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (45:20:15 kg ha-1), 100% RDF (60:30:20 kg ha-1), and 125% RDF (75:40:25 kg ha-1)). The study was designed as a factorial randomized complete block design assessing growth, yield, thiamine content, and economics. The results indicated that the summer season was more favorable for growth than the Kharif and Rabi seasons. Direct sown crops (E1) exhibited significantly higher growth attributes, yield, and economics than transplanted crops (E2). The spacing configuration of 45 x 10 cm (S3) recorded significantly superior growth and yield parameters compared to 20 x 10 cm (S1). Applying 125% RDF (N3) resulted in significantly enhanced growth, yield, quality, and economic return compared to 75% RDF. Among the interactions, the combination of direct sown with narrow spacing and 125% RDF (E1 x S1 x N3) led to significantly higher growth parameters. In comparison, the combination of direct sowing with wider spacing and 125% RDF (E1 x S3 x N3) resulted in higher grain yields (2005, 1759, 1548 kg ha-1) and benefit-cost ratios (2.64, 2.58, and 2.58) across the same seasons. However, the differences in grain yield among the treatment combinations were statistically non-significant. These findings provide a valuable foundation for future research and agricultural practices aimed at maximizing the potential of brown top millet.

Impacts of replacing soybean meal with processed soybean meal on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different level of soybean meal (SBM) replaced by soy protein concentrate on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs under F18+ Escherichia. coli (E. coli). Forty-eight newly weaned pigs (6.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments arranged by 2 × 2 factors using randomized complete block design with initial body weight and sex as blocks. Two factors were F18+ E. coli challenge (0 or 2.1 × 1010 CFU) and the level of SBM (24% or 12% in phase 1 and 26% or 14% in phase 2). Pigs were fed for 25 d in 2 phases (phase 1 for 11 d and phase 2 for 14 d). At the end of study, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and tissues to measure parameters related to intestinal health. Data were analyzed using a MIXED procedure in SAS. The F18+ E. coli challenge decreased (p<0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased (p<0.05) gain to feed ratio on d 7 to 11. The High SBM tended to have a greater overall ADG (p=0.054) and ADFI (p=0.078) compared with low SBM under F18+ E. coli challenge, but not in unchallenged conditions. The F18+ E. coli challenge increased (p<0.05) fecal score on d 7 to 18. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β in jejunal mucosa were decreased (p<0.05) in High SBM treatments. The High SBM tended to increase (p=0.085) occludin expression in jejunum. High SBM increased crypt depth in jejunum under F18+ E. coli challenge, but not in unchallenged conditions (p<0.05). High SBM in nursery diets could alleviate the detrimental effects of F18+ E. coli challenge on growth performance of pigs under compared to low SBM inclusion, which might be attributed to decreased intestinal inflammation and improved intestinal integrity.

Varying levels of natural light intensity affect the phyto-biochemical compounds, antioxidant indices and genes involved in the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway of Origanum majorana L.

BackgroundLight is a critical environmental factor in plants, encompassing two vital aspects: intensity and quality. To assess the influence of different light intensities on Origanum majorana L., pots containing the herb were subjected to four levels of light intensity: 20, 50, 70, and 100% natural light. After a 60-day treatment period, the plants were evaluated for metabolite production, including total sugar content, protein, dry weight, antioxidant indices, expression of monoterpenes biosynthesis genes, and essential oil compounds. The experimental design followed a randomized complete blocks format, and statistical analysis of variance was conducted.ResultsThe results indicated a correlation between increased light intensity and elevated total sugar and protein content, which contributed to improved plant dry weight. The highest levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed under 100% light intensity. Catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes exhibited increased activity, with a 4.23-fold and 2.14-fold increase, respectively, under full light. In contrast, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities decreased by 3.29-fold and 3.24-fold, respectively. As light intensity increases, the expression level of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) gene increases. However, beyond a light intensity of 70%, the DXR gene expression level decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of the cytochrome P450 genes CYP71D178 and CYP71D179 exhibited an increasing trend in response to elevated light intensity. Essential oil content increased from 0.02 to 0.5% until reaching 70% light intensity. However, with further increases in light intensity, the essential oil content decreased by 54 to 0.23%.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of balancing plant growth promotion and stress management under different light conditions. The research suggests that sweet marjoram plants thrive best in unshaded open spaces, resulting in maximum biomass. However, essential oil production decreases under the same conditions. For farmers in areas with an average light intensity of approximately 1700 µmol m−2s−1, it is recommended to cultivate sweet marjoram in shade-free fields to optimize biomass and essential oil production. Towards the end of the growth cycle, it is advisable to use shades that allow 70% of light to pass through. The specific duration of shade implementation can be further explored in future research.

Application of univariate, multivariate, and mixed models to the stability analysis of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat cultivars under irrigation condition

AbstractThe testing of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) varieties in different irrigated environments is critical for determining the stability of their performance and adaptation. In this study, 12 popular and newly developed durum wheat varieties were examined in eight irrigated locations with the purpose of investigating genotype–environment interaction and their effect on Ethiopian tetraploid wheat yield stability across diverse environments. The field experiment has two replications with a randomized complete block design. Multivariate (analysis of variance, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction [AMMI], and genetics, genetics × environment [GGE] biplot) and univariate (bi [regression coefficient], S2d [deviation from regression], σi2 [Shukla's stability variance], Wi2 [Wricke's ecovalence], YSi [yield stability statistic], and CVi [coefficient of variance]) analysis methods were used to identify stable varieties. The AMMI analysis showed that the genetic × environmental interaction was highly significant (p &gt; 0.01), while the genotype and environment variation were not significant. The first two principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2) were highly significant (p &gt; 0.01) and contributed 79% of the total GE interaction. Univariate statistical models indicate that Bulala is a stable, high‐yielding variety that can adapt to various environments. GGE biplot analysis revealed that the eight test environments were clustered into three mega‐environments, ranked Bulala as the most stable variety across diverse environments. The results of the combined mean analysis, multivariate and univariate models revealed that Bulala is a high yielder (3.46 tons ha−1) and stable variety across all test environments, while Mukiye variety has a high yield (3.43 tons ha−1) but is not as stable or adaptive to multiple locations. As a result, Bulala was recommended for further demonstration and popularization in test locations and places with similar agroecologies under irrigation.

Atrioventricular block as a common problem in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: clinical observation

Complete atrioventricular block is a dangerous complication in elderly patients with coronary artery disease that requires surgical treatment. Treatment of elderly patients with coronary artery disease and atrioventricular block is a debatable problem, and at the moment, there are no clear recommendations regarding the sequence of surgical interventions in this age group. In our opinion, in some cases it is advisable to perform epicardial lead placement during revascularization, because the risk of complications during the implantation procedure increases on the background of dual antiplatelet therapy, which is required after coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, this approach provides a significant socio-economic effect, saving a patient from re-hospitalization and intervention for conduction disorders. This article presents a clinical observation with a step-by-step algorithm of actions in multivessel coronary artery disease with complete symptomatic atrioventricular block.

HETEROSIS AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN MAIZE USING HALF DIALLEL CROSS

The study was aimed to determine heterosis, GCA, SCA and some genetic parameters in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds for half diallel crosses among eight inbred lines Planted in spring season 2021 during fall season 2021, the eight parents and 28 hybrids were sowing (10/7/2021) using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications at the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effects in all studied traits except number of ears per plant. The (Un44052) line was superior in number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant, while the cross (Zp-505 x Un44052) was superior in number ear per plant and number of rows per ear. Six crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis, the crosses Dkc-f-59 x Dk-17, Dkc-f-59 x Un44052, Dkc-f-59 x Zp-430, Zp-505 x Un44052, Zp-607 x Zp-505 and Zp-179 x Un44052. The heritability in broad sense was higher than the heritability narrow sense in studied traits, between 0.33 and 0.97 for number of ear per plant and grain yield per plant. The average degree of dominance was higher than one in studied traits.

INFLUENCE OF TARGET SEEDING RATES BASED ON THOUSAND KERNEL WEIGHT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH TRAITS OF TRITICALE, VARIETY ADMIRAL- Part I.

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to no significant influence of seeds weight or seeding rates and their interaction on this trait excluding whole sample seed (ungraded) at the rate target of 300 seeds.m-2, which was significantly reduced flag leaf area. Leaf area index was significantly varied among seed weight and target seeding rates or by their interactions. The plant height of triticale although it was higher for heavy seeds and higher target seeding rates, but it was not reached significant level, either by seed grade or target seed rate and their interactions in both. Plant height ranges from 88.00 for heavy seeds at rate 300 seeds.m-2 to 83.00 for light seeds at rate 200 seeds.m-2 for the season 2019-2020. The highest tillers number was recorded for seed rate 300.m-2 with whole ungraded seeds (176.00).