Complementary Sets Research Articles

Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities.

In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h - C10MImMeS (IC50 L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50 L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50 L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50 L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis.

Generating multiple conceptual models from behavior-driven development scenarios

Researchers have proposed that generating conceptual models automatically from user stories might be useful for agile software development. It is, however, unclear from the state-of-the-art what a consistent and complementary set of models to generate is, how these models can be generated such that relationships and dependencies in a set of related user stories are unveiled, and why these models are useful in agile software development projects. In this paper, we address these questions through a Design Science research study. First, we define four stylized versions of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams (i.e., use case diagram, class diagram, activity diagram, state machine diagram) that will be the target of the model generation. Although these stylized UML diagrams have a reduced abstract syntax, they offer different perspectives on the software system in focus with potential usefulness for requirements and software engineering. Second, we develop an automated model generation approach based on different design artifacts including a Natural Language Processing (NLP) tool that implements our approach. Key to our solution is the use of the Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) scenario template to document user stories. Using an example set of BDD scenarios as source of the model generation, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach via the NLP tool that implements our approach. Third, we conduct an empirical study with experts in agile software development involving the researcher-guided interactive use of our tool to explore the use of the generated models. This study shows the perceived usefulness of the models that our tool can generate and identifies different uses and benefits of the models for requirements analysis, system design, software implementation, and testing in projects that employ agile methods.

Minimum aberration 412 n designs via secondary complementary sets

Mixed-level designs are widely used in various experiments. This paper considers how to construct minimum aberration 4 1 2 n mixed-level designs. Based on finite projective geometry, secondary complementary set is defined as part of the design which plays a crucial role in constructing the optimal designs. Then, algebraic connection between the wordlength pattern of a 4 1 2 n design and that of its secondary complementary set is established. According to the connection, some general rules for identifying type 0 minimum aberration 4 1 2 n mixed-level designs are proposed via their secondary complementary sets. Those rules can help construct minimum aberration 4 1 2 n designs conveniently when the secondary complementary set contains fewer elements than the complementary set. The type 0 minimum aberration 4 1 2 n designs with large n are tabulated via secondary complementary sets.

A NEW SOFT SET OPERATION: COMPLEMENTARY SOFT BINARY PIECEWISE GAMMA(𝜸) OPERATION

Soft set theory, introduced by Molodtsov, is as an efficacious mathematical tool to deal with uncertainty and it has been applied to many fields both as theoretical and application aspect. Since its inception, different kinds of soft set operations are defined and used in various types. In this paper, we define a new kind of soft set operation called, complementary soft binary piecewise gamma operation and we investigate its basic algebraic properties. Moreover by examing the distribution rules, it is aimed to contribute to the soft set literature by obtaining the relationships between this new soft set operation and other types of soft set operations such as extended soft set operations, complementary extended soft set operations, soft binary piecewise operations, complementary soft binary piecewise operations and restricted soft set operations. This paper can be regarded as a theoritical study of soft set theory.

Untangling two complementary camera trapping data sets to identify patterns in feral cat activity around a known night parrot population in western Queensland

Feral cats (Felis catus) are a significant predator of native birds in Australia, and a recognised predator for the endangered night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis). We examined camera trapping data from 2014 to 2020 collected at the Pullen Pullen (night parrot) reserve in south-western Queensland to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of feral cat activity. These data were collected from two discrete periods, with slightly different foci, and we undertook careful data exploration and refinement to identify a consistent data set. We modelled the relationship between the camera detections and a range of environmental, spatial, and temporal parameters, using logistic regression and two selection criteria (Akaike’s and Bayesian). The final parsimonious model identified that feral cat detection probability decreased with increasing ruggedness and increased as distance to creek lines decreased. Feral cat detection probability also declined over time from camera deployment. In each model the variance component estimates suggested that some influences on cat detection probability remain unexplained. Regardless, our results provide further data on feral cat activity, and therefore information to focus and improve the management of this threat to the night parrot and other significant species on this conservation reserve.

Constructions of optimal Z-periodic complementary sequence sets with large zero correlation zone

Constructions of optimal Z-periodic complementary sequence sets with large zero correlation zone

A Learning-Inspired Strategy to Design Binary Sequences With Good Correlation Properties: SISO and MIMO Radar Systems

In this paper, the design of binary sequences exhibiting low values of aperiodic/periodic correlation functions, in terms of Integrated Sidelobe Level (ISL), is pursued via a learning-inspired method. Specifically, the synthesis of either a single or a burst of codes is addressed, with reference to both Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar systems. Two optimization machines, referred to as two-layer and single-layer Binary Sequence Correlation Network (BiSCorN), able to learn actions to design binary sequences with small ISL/Complementary ISL (CISL) for SISO and MIMO systems are proposed. These two networks differ in terms of the capability to synthesize Low-Correlation-Zone (LCZ) sequences and computational cost. Numerical experiments show that proposed techniques can outperform state-of-the-art algorithms for the design of binary sequences and Complementary Sets of Sequences (CSS) in terms of ISL and, interestingly, of Peak Sidelobe Level (PSL).

A Robust Feature Downsampling Module for Remote-Sensing Visual Tasks

Remote sensing (RS) images present unique challenges for computer vision due to lower resolution, smaller objects, and fewer features. Mainstream backbone networks show promising results for traditional visual tasks. However, they use convolution to reduce feature map dimensionality, which can result in information loss for small objects in RS images and decreased performance. To address this problem, we propose a new and universal downsampling module named Robust Feature Downsampling (RFD). RFD fuses multiple feature maps extracted by different downsampling techniques, creating a more robust feature map with a complementary set of features. Leveraging this, we overcome the limitations of conventional convolutional downsampling, resulting in more accurate and robust analysis of RS images. We develop two versions of RFD module, Shallow RFD (SRFD) and Deep RFD (DRFD), tailored to adapt to different stages of feature capture and improve feature robustness. We replace the downsampling layers of existing mainstream backbones with RFD module and conduct comparative experiments on several public RS image datasets. The results show significant improvements compared to baseline approaches in RS image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Specifically, our RFD module achieved an average performance gain of 1.5% on NWPU-RESISC45 classification dataset without utilizing any additional pretraining data, resulting in state-of-the-art performance on this dataset. Moreover, in detection and segmentation tasks on DOTA and iSAID datasets, our RFD module outperforms the baseline approaches by 2-7% when utilizing pretraining data from NWPU-RESISC45. These results highlight the value of RFD module in enhancing the performance of RS visual tasks.

A multilevel, multidimensional scale for measuring housing insecurity in slums and informal settlements

Housing insecurity is a pervasive challenge in the cities and urban areas of low-and middle-income countries, particularly in the informal settlements where a disproportionately high number of urban residents live. Despite this persistent challenge and its impact on health and well-being, there are scarce comprehensive, standardized, and validated instruments for measuring housing insecurity in these regions. Therefore, our objectives were to develop and validate a housing insecurity scale for slums and informal settlements in the global South. Using a complementary set of qualitative and quantitative techniques, we developed the scale from data collected from three slums in Ghana (N = 1036) on housing deprivations and characteristics, slum severity, resource insecurity, health outcomes, and socio-demography. Following item generation, domain identification, and content validation, we identified a set of 28 items, which were tested for tetrachoric and Biserial correlations. We then extracted an optimal number of factors and tested for dimensionality using confirmatory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. This was followed by tests of reliability, external validity, unidimensionality of sub-scales, local independence, invariant item ordering, and monotonicity. The resultant scale is a multilevel, multidimensional scale comprising 17 items that subdivide into three sub-scales: lack of essential utility (α = 0.63), built environment deficiency (α = 0.80), and tenancy challenges (α = 0.82). The composite scale is reliable, with a coefficient alpha of 0.83. Criterion concurrent and predictive validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and known group comparisons supported the validity of the scale. Assumptions of sub-scale unidimensionality, local independence, invariant item ordering, and monotonicity were verified. This is one of the few comprehensively validated scales developed to measure housing insecurity in slums and informal settlements in the global South. It can be used to test different hypotheses on the impact of housing insecurity on several environmental and health outcomes; assess and plan clinical, programmatic and policy interventions; and aid in tracking progress made on the Sustainable Development Goal 11. • A novel scale for measuring housing insecurity in urban slums in the global south • Housing insecurity is multidimensional consisting of three domains and 17 items. • The housing insecurity measure was assessed to be reliable and validated. • Housing insecurity increases slum severity and other forms of resource insecurity. • We can now assess the causes and effects of housing insecurity in urban slums.

Peptide- and Protein-Level Combined Strategy for Analyzing Newly Synthesized Proteins by Integrating Tandem Orthogonal Proteolysis with Cleavable Bioorthogonal Tagging.

A newly synthesized proteome reflects perturbations sensitively and maintains homeostasis in cells. To investigate the low abundant newly synthesized proteins (NSPs) from a complex background proteome, an enrichment process with high selectivity and reliability is essential. Here, we have developed a strategy to realize comprehensive analysis of NSPs by integrating tandem orthogonal proteolysis (TOP) with cleavable bioorthogonal tagging (CBOT) called TOP-CBOT. A solid-phase-conjugated probe with a clickable moiety and a protease-cleavable site was designed, which allowed NSPs to be covalently captured along with tandem release by trypsin and orthogonal tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. Our method has integrated the advantages of protein-level and peptide-level enrichment. Trypsin digests larger number of peptides from the recovered proteins for NSPs identification and quantification, while the specific tag-contained peptides from TEV data set enabled further NSPs confirmation. Integrating information from two complementary data sets, the reliability in NSPs identification and quantitation were remarkably enhanced. A total of 3699 proteins were recovered in the trypsin data set. Additionally, 1931 proteins were confirmed as NSPs with 5019 identified peptides in the TEV data set, over 90% of which were overlapped with the tryptic data set. Our strategy was further applied to profile NSP degradation kinetics during rapamycin-induced macroautophagy. The newly synthesized proteome displayed varied alteration of degradation rates among stimulation and more than half of NSPs showed decreased half-lives during autophagy.

Norm-Conserving 4f-in-Core Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets Optimized for Trivalent Lanthanides (Ln = Ce–Lu)

We present here a set of scalar-relativistic norm-conserving 4f-in-core pseudopotentials, together with complementary valence-shell Gaussian basis sets, for the lanthanide (Ln) series (Ce-Lu). The Goedecker, Teter, and Hutter (GTH) formalism is adopted with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. The 4f-in-core pseudopotentials are built through attributing 4f-subconfiguration 4fn (n = 1-14) for Ln (Ln = Ce-Lu) into the atomic core region, making it possible to circumvent the difficulty of the description of the open 4fn valence shell. A wide variety of computational benchmarks and tests have been carried out on lanthanide systems including Ln3+-containing molecular complexes, aqueous solutions, and bulk solids to validate the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the optimized 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets. The 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials successfully replicate the main features of lanthanide structural chemistry and reaction energetics, particularly for nonredox reactions. The chemical bonding features and solvation shells, hydrolysis energetics, acidity constants, and solid-state properties of selected lanthanide systems are also discussed in detail by utilizing these new 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials. This work bridges the idea of keeping highly localized 4f electrons in the atomic core and efficient pseudopotential formalism of GTH, thus providing a highly efficient approach for studying lanthanide chemistry in multi-scale modeling of constituent-wise and structurally complicated systems, including electronic structures of the condensed phase and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations.

Probing the Low-Mass End of the Black Hole Mass Function via a Study of Faint Local Spiral Galaxies

We present an analysis of the pitch angle distribution function (PADF) for nearby galaxies and its resulting black hole mass function (BHMF) via the well-known relationship between pitch angle and black hole mass. Our sample consists of a subset of 74 spiral galaxies from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey with absolute B-band magnitude MB>−19.12 mag and luminosity distance DL≤25.4 Mpc, which is an extension of a complementary set of 140 more luminous (MB≤−19.12 mag) late-type galaxies. We find the PADFs of the two samples are, somewhat surprisingly, not strongly dissimilar; a result that may hold important implications for spiral formation theories. Our data show a distinct bimodal population manifest in the pitch angles of the Sa–Sc types and separately the Scd–Sm types, with Sa–Sc types having tighter spiral arms on average. Importantly, we uncover a distinct bifurcation of the BHMF, such that the Sa–Sc galaxies typically host so-called “supermassive” black holes (M•≳106M⊙), whereas Scd–Sm galaxies accordingly harbor black holes that are “less-than-supermassive” (M•≲106M⊙). It is amongst this latter population of galaxies where we expect fruitful bounties of elusive intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), through which a better understanding will help form more precise benchmarks for future generations of gravitational wave detectors.

Definition of E = mc2: Implicit Concepts of Physical Units

Mass-energy equivalence (E = mc2) states that latent energy can be converted into an equivalent amount of mass and vice versa. However, the ulterior motives of each constituent have not yet been understood because the present definitions and analyses of E=mc2 are mostly restricted to the phenomenological theory of results. The meaning of mass creation in space can be interpreted as the division of given space. In other words, the energy quantity differences in constant space can occur during, before, and after mass creation, satisfying the following equality: space energy as a universal set = space energy as a complementary set + space energy transformed into mass as a complementary set. Accordingly, based on invariable space energy, our research shows and defines a series of energy-maximum, energy-quantity, and energy-level relationships in E = mc2 via physical units such as electron, mass, and velocity.

Precontrol of short-period motion for a Tension Leg Platform

The Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is a hybrid, compliant platform designed to sustain springing and ringing responses that are correlated to short-period motion. Since the period of short-period motion is within the wave energy concentration region, TLPs may experience sensitive short-period motion, such as resonance and green water, that usually cause serious damage to TLPs. In this study, a precontrol methodology is presented as a solution to prevent TLP-sensitive short-period motion. By applying the precontrol methodology, the parameters of TLP can be predetermined, allowing TLP motion performance to meet the requirements of short-period motion before sensitive motions actually occur. For example, the damping coefficient should be less than 4.3, the tendons’ stiffness should be larger than 0.91 × 108, and the dimensionless draft should be less than 0.665. The development of a precontrol methodology is based on a solid theoretical foundation. First, a series of simple and high-fidelity numerical models are proposed to simulate the natural period of roll, natural period of heave, and green water height. Second, a constraint regime is generated based on the numerical models and the sensitive motion range of short-period motion. The constraint regime is divided into two parts: the control range (corresponding to sensitive short-period motion) and the feasible range (the complementary set of control ranges in the whole parameter constraint domain). Finally, TLP parameters are derived from the calculated feasible range. The precontrol methodology goes beyond the conventional approach of real-time control by changing the control from a remedial action to a preventive action.

Elucidating trust-building sources in social shopping: A consumer cognitive and emotional trust perspective

With the popularity and growth of social commerce, scholars and practitioners are particularly interested in how the integration of social media with e-commerce practice may resolve the challenge related to developing consumer-seller trust. Adopting a cognitive-emotional trust perspective, this study investigated the process by which consumers' trust in seller builds in a social commerce setting. Specifically, perceived familiarity, situational normality, cognitive and emotional trust in platform, and social interactivity were proposed as key antecedents of consumers' cognitive and emotional trust in seller. The model was examined with two complementary data sets collected from leading social commerce platforms in China: WeChat Store (N = 430) and Xiaohongshu (N = 397). This work advances the theoretical understanding of consumer's social shopping intention through extending the cognitive-emotional trust perspective and lends insights into the contextualized sources of trust building. In addition, these findings offer practical implications that help practitioners cost-effectively build consumer trust in the social commerce setting.

Challenges of offsite construction and BIM implementation: providing a framework for integration in New Zealand

PurposeThe development of prefabrication into full-scale offsite manufacturing processes in the construction industry is paradigm-shifting. Moreover, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming the primary mode of communication and integration in construction projects to facilitate the flow of information. Although research has been performed on BIM and Offsite Construction (OSC), integrating these two concepts remains ambiguous and complex and lacks documentation and structure, especially in New Zealand. Therefore, this paper develops a robust framework for OSC and BIM integration. The study focusses on identifying integration challenges and proposes strategies for overcoming these challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied scientometric analysis, a systematic literature review (SLR) and semi-structured expert interviews to investigate OSC and BIM integration challenges. Multiple themes were investigated and triangulation conducted in this research supports the creation of applicable knowledge in this field.FindingsMultiple gaps, research trends and the pioneer countries in the paper's scope have been identified through scientometric analysis. Then, a classified cluster of challenges for OSC and BIM implementation and integration strategies of OSC and BIM were demonstrated from the findings. The interviews provided comprehensive and complementary data sets and analyses. The findings from the Systematic Literature Review and interview structured the integration framework.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper to existing knowledge is a developed framework that serves as a guideline for the OSC stakeholders. This framework can assess OSC's alignment with BIM and consolidate strategies for incorporating OSC into a BIM-based project delivery process. The framework consists of 23 strategies categorised into 8 clusters: a policy document, training and professional development, documentation, technology management, governmental development, contract development, accurate definition and detailing and communication. The proposed strategies will streamline integration by reducing potential challenges, thus enhancing project productivity.

Correlations Between Subduction of Linear Oceanic Features and Arc Volcanism Volume Around the Pacific Basin

AbstractArc volcanoes, created by magma generated from the dehydration of subducting slabs, show great variability in their sizes and along‐arc spatial distributions. In this study, we address a fundamental question, namely, how do subduction zones and volcanic arcs respond to the subduction of “atypical” oceanic lithosphere. We investigate the correlation between the geographical location and volume of arc volcanoes and the subduction of linear oceanic features, including hotspot tracks, oceanic plateaus, volcanic ridges, mid‐oceanic ridges, arc volcano chains, and fracture zones, around the Pacific basin. We use multidisciplinary and complementary data sets (topography and bathymetry, seismology and volcano morphometry), and design new analytical and data processing methods. We analyze 35 oceanic linear features. The subduction of three oceanic plateaus and five hotspot chains are clearly associated with volcanism increase, whereas four hotspot chains are related to volcanic gaps. We propose that the patterns of volcanism increase or decrease related to these oceanic features depend on the interplay between chemical (potentially enhancing melting) and thermo‐mechanical (inhibiting melting) effects, and/or by the variations of the chemical signatures along hotspot chains. The subduction of volcanic ridges is generally associated with small increases in arc volcanism, which may be accounted for by the fact that these features are highly hydrated and therefore promote melt. The subduction of active mid‐oceanic ridges is generally associated with slab windows and arc volcano gaps. No clear inference is found for the subduction of inactive arc ridges.

Research on Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Optimized GRU Neural Network

Accurate short-term load forecasting can ensure the safe and stable operation of power grids, but the nonlinear load increases the complexity of forecasting. In order to solve the problem of modal aliasing in historical data, and fully explore the relationship between time series characteristics in load data, this paper proposes a gated cyclic network model (SSA–GRU) based on sparrow algorithm optimization. Firstly, the complementary sets and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are used to decompose the original data to obtain the characteristic components. The SSA–GRU combined model is used to predict the characteristic components, and finally obtain the prediction results, and complete the short-term load forecasting. Taking the real data of a company as an example, this paper compares the combined model CEEMD–SSA–GRU with EMD–SSA–GRU, SSA–GRU, and GRU models. Experimental results show that this model has better prediction effect than other models.

General minimum lower‐order confounding three‐level split‐plot designs when the whole plot factors are important

AbstractThree‐level fractional factorial split‐plot (FFSP) designs with the whole plot (WP) factors being more important than the subplot factors are considered in the article. An aliased component‐number pattern of type WP (WP‐ACNP) is introduced for ranking such designs. The criterion of general minimum lower‐order confounding of type WP (WP‐GMC) is proposed based on WP‐ACNP. The expressions of the key components in WP‐ACNP are given via complementary sets. Some necessary conditions for FFSP designs to be WP‐GMC FFSP designs are given and some three‐level WP‐GMC FFSP designs are constructed and tabulated.

Constraining ΛCDM cosmological parameters with Einstein Telescope mock data

ABSTRACT We investigate the capability of Einstein Telescope to constrain the cosmological parameters of the non-flat ΛCDM cosmological model. Two types of mock data sets are considered depending on whether or not a short gamma-ray burst is detected, and associated with the gravitational wave emitted by binary neutron stars merger, using the THESEUS satellite. Depending on the mock data set, two statistical estimators are applied: one assumes that the redshift is known, while the other marginalizes over it assuming a specific redshift prior distribution. We demonstrate that (i) using mock catalogues collecting gravitational wave signals emitted by binary neutron stars systems to which a short gamma-ray burst has been associated, Einstein Telescope may achieve an accuracy on the cosmological parameters of $\sigma _{H_0}\approx 0.40$ km s−1 Mpc−1, $\sigma _{\Omega _{k,0}}\approx 0.09$, and $\sigma _{\Omega _{\Lambda ,0}}\approx 0.07$; while (ii) using mock catalogues collecting all gravitational wave signals emitted by binary neutron stars systems for which an electromagnetic counterpart has not been detected, Einstein Telescope may achieve an accuracy on the cosmological parameters of $\sigma _{H_0}\approx 0.04$ km s−1 Mpc−1, $\sigma _{\Omega _{k,0}}\approx 0.01$, and $\sigma _{\Omega _{\Lambda ,0}}\approx 0.01$, once the redshift probability distribution of GW events is known from from population synthesis simulations and/or the measure of the tidal deformability parameter. These results show an improvement of a factor 2–75 with respect to earlier results using complementary data sets.