Complementary Indicators Research Articles

Adherence to complementary feeding indicators and their associations with coexisting forms of malnutrition in children aged between 6 to 23.9 months of age

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between different complementary feeding (CF) indicators and coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) in Pakistan.MethodologyThis study involves secondary data analysis of eight national and regional datasets of Pakistan, which were retrieved from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and UNICEF. From these datasets, data of children aged between 6 to 23.9 months was analysed after excluding incomplete and/or invalid data related to their feeding practices and anthropometry. Thus, data of 30,097 Pakistani children between the ages of 6 to 23.9 months was analysed in this study using Jamovi software.ResultsThe prevalence of CFM in this sample of children was 28.1%. Cereals and dairy were chiefly used for CF. With the exception of continuation of breastfeeding and coadministration of breastmilk with solid/semi-solid/soft food, adherence to all other CF indicators (minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, iron & folate consumption, egg & flesh food consumption, zero vegetable & fruit consumption) were associated with reduced odds of various forms of CFM.ConclusionNutritional adversities in children may be prevented by improving the dietary diversity, meal frequency, protein consumption, iron & folic acid (IFA) use, and food fortification.

Fish morphological and parasitological traits as ecological indicators of habitat quality in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Abstract Coastal lagoons are key ‘transitional’ aquatic environments for biodiversity conservation. Ecological indicators are useful tools for the management of water resources in the European Union. Among different biological communities, fish are a very sensitive tool to assess environmental integrity. Indeed, their parasites can be used as complementary indicators of habitat quality. Yet there is still a deep lack of information on ecological assessment using fish (along with their parasites) for coastal lagoons, particularly for the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of the present study was to assess the use of fish morphology and their parasite communities as ecological indicators of anthropogenic impact within the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain), a Mediterranean area of special conservation concern for European/Iberian biodiversity. Fish samples (black‐striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster and marbled goby Pomatoschistus marmoratus) were collected in August 2022 from the Littoral (high level of nutrient enrichment) and Barrier habitats. Physical status (both external and internal indices), asymmetry (level of developmental instability), parasite load, diversity and life‐cycle complexity were compared between habitat types. Body condition and mainly the health assessment index were better in the Barrier habitat. Except for pectoral fins in pipefish, the fluctuating asymmetry was statistically greater in the Littoral habitat (i.e. with eutrophication leading to poorer fish development). The parasite load was higher in the Littoral habitat for both host fish species. However, the diversity and life‐cycle complexity of parasite communities were statistically lower in the Barrier habitat (a structurally simpler environment) only for gobies. This study demonstrates an elevated potential for certain fish morphological and parasitological traits to be considered as good ecological indicators of environmental health. This could help environmental managers and policy makers to design effective monitoring programmes to detect impacts within valuable areas for conservation, such as the Mar Menor coastal lagoon.

Evaluating tailor-made health plans in pig farms: a multiple complementary indicators approach

Evaluating tailor-made health plans in pig farms: a multiple complementary indicators approach

Credit expansion, leverage, and banking distress: the puzzle of interwar Italy

Abstract This study analyses the relationship between lending growth, leverage, and distress at the individual bank level for interwar Italy, which experienced remarkable credit expansion in the 1920s. Novel data from archival research based on banking supervision classified documents reveals a large, albeit forgotten, crisis. A puzzle emerges: regression analysis on individual bank balance sheets indicates that leverage and lending growth are not predictors of distress. Complementary indicators show that the features highlighted in the literature on leveraged credit booms do not apply to Italy. Italy’s credit expansion was not a leverage-fuelled credit boom but a process of financial development.

Analisis kesalahan struktur kalimat dasar pada keterampilan menulis teks wawancara peserta didik kelas iv sekolah dasar

<p class="16"><em><span>This research aims to describe basic sentence structure errors and describe the factors that cause basic sentence structure errors in writing interview text skills. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were fourth grade students, fourth grade teachers, and the principal of SD Negeri Tegalsari. Data collection techniques used interviews, documentation studies, and observation. The data validity test technique uses source triangulation and technical triangulation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis of the Miles and Huberman model which includes four stages: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) drawing conclusions. The results showed that the analysis of basic sentence structure errors on the subject indicator (19.23%), predicate indicator (13.46%), object indicator (8.65%), description indicator (45.2%), and complementary indicators (13.46%). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the analysis of basic sentence structure errors in the description indicator is the indicator that most errors occur in the use of sentences. The theoretical implications can be used as a reference for further research. The practical implications can help educators understand how students understand basic sentence structures and to improve future learning. </span></em><em></em></p>

Drug Prescribing Pattern among the Inpatients in the Surgery Department of Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal

Background: Prescription is a written instruction by a health care personnel to pharmacist to dispense drug(s). Irrational drug prescribing is a global problem, particularly in developing and transitional countries. This study was conducted to see the status of World Health Organization (WHO) core prescription indicators, complementary indices and prescription errors. Methods: It was a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among inpatients of general surgery of tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. It was a convenience sampling. Calculated Sample size was 224. Enrollment of patients started on 16 May 2018 with the last case being enrolled on 1 Oct 2019 after obtaining informed consent. Relevant data was entered in a semi-structured proforma. Microsoft excel 2016 and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 21 were used for descriptive statistics. Results: Median age of inpatients was 40 (24 - 54) years with male: female ratio being 1.05. Total 1492 drugs were prescribed in 224 prescriptions. Mean number of drugs prescribed was 6.66 ± 2.33. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 25.60%. Prescriptions with at least one antimicrobial agent was 89.3%. Prescriptions with at least one injection was 92.9%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from the WHO Essential Medicine List was 66.48%. Other complementary prescribing indicators and prescription errors were also calculated. Conclusions: Most prescription indicators were inadvertently deviated away from WHO standards. Prescription errors were comparable to other studies.

Music-genre identification in adolescents: An exploratory study

Over the past few decades, quantitative research on musical tastes and consumption has extensively relied on methods involving music genre labels. These methods generally assume participants to share a general and common label knowledge. However, such an assumption has not been empirically tested to date. The present study aimed to (a) estimate adolescents’ ability to identify music genres and (b) examine the influence of social factors on this ability. Results indicated that genre identification constituted a rather difficult task for a majority of participants. They also showed that genre identification depended on social class, age, musical background, and, to a lesser extent, on sex and the importance attached to music. All in all, the study findings further pinpoint the flaws pertaining to genre-based methods and invite sociology researchers to use complementary indicators of musical tastes in the future.

Selecting qualitative cases using sequence analysis: A mixed-method for in-depth understanding of life course trajectories.

In this paper, we propose a sequence analysis-based method for selecting qualitative cases depending on quantitative results. Inspired by tools developed for cross-sectional analyses, we propose indicators suitable for longitudinal study of the life course in a holistic perspective and a set of corresponding analysis guidelines. Two complementary indicators are introduced, marginality and gain, that allows labeling observations according to both their typicality within their group and their illustrativeness of a given quantitative relationship. These indicators allow selecting a diversity of cases depending on their contributions to a quantitative relationship between trajectories and a covariate or a typology. The computation of the indicators is made available in the TraMineRextras R package. The method and its advantages are illustrated through an original study of the relationships between residential trajectories in the Paris region and residential socialization during childhood. Using the Biographies et Entourage [Event history and entourage] survey and qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of respondents, the analysis shows the contributions of the method not only to improve the understanding of statistical associations, but also to identify their limitations. Extension and generalization of the method are finally proposed to cover a wider scope of situations.

Perceptions and experiences in Madagascar: Where do the gaps come from when measuring corruption, criminal violence, and discrimination

This article examines the indicators of perception and experience, frequently used in surveys to measure corruption, criminal violence, and discrimination. Focusing on Madagascar, we study the correlations between these two types of measurements, which are subject to some debates in the literature as they are not sufficiently understood. The results show that, apart from discrimination, there is little correlation between perceptions and experiences. In addition, we find that media exposure, education, trust, and contact with the administration are factors that significantly influence both experience and perception as measurements. These factors may exhibit a similar influence, showing convergence between the two measures, or opposite influences, dealing a difference between the measured phenomena. These results, mobilizing “Gouvernance, Paix et Sécurité” surveys (GPS-SHaSA), emphasize the relevance to always distinguish between perceptions and experiences when measuring, studying or treating with one of these concepts. For having identified variables that are captured (or not) by those two complementary indicators, this paper should be useful to both governments, practitioners, and researchers, if their aims are to address and better understand those governance phenomena.

Time trends and social inequalities in infant and young child feeding practices: national estimates from Brazil's Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 2008-2019.

To describe the time trends and socio-economic inequalities in infant and young child feeding practices in accordance with the Brazilian deprivation index (BDI). This time-series study analysed the prevalence of multiple breast-feeding and complementary feeding indicators based on data from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 2008-2019. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated. Primary health care services, Brazil. Totally, 911 735 Brazilian children under 2 years old. Breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices differed between the extreme BDI quintiles. Overall, the results were more favourable in the municipalities with less deprivation (Q1). Improvements in some complementary feeding indicators were observed over time and evidenced such disparities: minimum dietary diversity (Q1: Δ 47·8-52·2 %, APC + 1·44, P = 0·006), minimum acceptable diet (Q1: Δ 34·5-40·5 %, APC + 5·17, P = 0·004) and consumption of meat and/or eggs (Q1: Δ 59·7-80·3 %, APC + 6·26, P < 0·001; and Q5: Δ 65·7-70·7 %, APC + 2·20, P = 0·041). Stable trends in exclusive breast-feeding and decreasing trends in the consumption of sweetened drinks and ultra-processed foods were also observed regardless the level of the deprivation. Improvements in some complementary food indicators were observed over time. However, the improvements were not equally distributed among the BDI quintiles, with children from the municipalities with less deprivation benefiting the most.

Testing indicators for trend assessment of range and habitat of low-density cetacean species in the Mediterranean Sea

IntroductionConservation of cetaceans is challenging due to their large-range, highly-dynamic nature. The EU Habitats Directive (HD) reports 78% of species in ‘unknown’ conservation status, and information on low-density/elusive species such G.griseus, G.melas, Z.cavirostris is the most scattered.MethodsThe FLT-Net programme has regularly collected year-round data along trans-border fixed-transects in the Mediterranean Sea since 2007. Nearly 7,500 cetacean sightings were recorded over 500,000 km of effort with 296 of less-common species. Comparing data across two HD 6-years periods (2013-2019/2008-2012), this study aimed at testing four potential indicators to assess range and habitat short-term trends of G.griseus, G.melas, Z.cavirostris: 1) change in Observed Distributional Range-ODR based on known occurrence, calculated through the Kernel smoother within the effort area; 2) change in Ecological Potential Range-EPR extent, predicted through Spatial Distribution Models; 3) Range Pattern, assessed as overlap and shift of core areas between periods; 4) changes in ODR vs EPR.ResultsMost ODR and EPR confirmed the persistence of known important sites, especially in the Western-Mediterranean. All species, however, exhibit changes in the distribution extent (contraction or expansion) and an offshore shift, possibly indicating exploitation of new areas or avoidance of more impacted ones.DiscussionResults confirmed that the ODR could underestimate the real occupied range, as referring to the effort area only; it can be used to detect trends providing that the spatio-temporal effort scale is representative of species range. The EPR allows generalising species distribution outside the effort area, defining species’ Habitat and the Occupied/Potential Range proportion. To investigate range-trends, EPR needs to be adjusted based also on the Occupied/Potential Range proportion since it could be larger than the occupied range in presence of limiting factors, or smaller, if anthropogenic pressures force the species outside the ecological niche.ConclusionUsing complementary indicators proved valuable to evaluate the significance of changes. The concurrent analysis of more species with similar ecology was also critical to assess whether the detected changes are species-specific or representative of broader trends. The FLT-Net sampling strategy proved adequate for trend assessment in the Western-Mediterranean and Adriatic basins, while more transects are needed to characterize the Central-Mediterranean and Aegean-Levantine ecological variability.

Terminology and ontology development for semantic annotation: A use case on sepsis and adverse events

Annotations enrich text corpora and provide necessary labels for natural language processing studies. To reason and infer underlying implicit knowledge captured by labels, an ontology is needed to provide a semantically annotated corpus with structured domain knowledge. Utilizing a corpus of adverse event documents annotated for sepsis-related signs and symptoms as a use case, this paper details how a terminology and corresponding ontology were developed. The Annotated Adverse Event NOte TErminology (AAENOTE) represents annotated documents and assists annotators in annotating text. In contrast, the complementary Catheter Infection Indications Ontology (CIIO) is intended for clinician use and captures domain knowledge needed to reason and infer implicit information from data. The approach taken makes ontology development understandable and accessible to domain experts without formal ontology training.

A WGAN-GP-Based Scenarios Generation Method for Wind and Solar Power Complementary Study

The issue of renewable energy curtailment poses a crucial challenge to its effective utilization. To address this challenge, mitigating the impact of the intermittency and volatility of wind and solar energy is essential. In this context, this paper employs scenario analysis to examine the complementary features of wind and solar hybrid systems. Firstly, the study defines two types of complementary indicators that distinguish between output smoothing and source-load matching. Secondly, a novel method for generating wind and solar output scenarios based on improved Generative Adversarial Networks is presented and compared against the conventional Monte Carlo and Copula function methods. Lastly, the generated wind and solar scenarios are employed to furnish complementary features. The testing results across eight regions indicate the proposed scenario generation method proficiently depicts the historical relevance as well as future uncertainties. This study found that compared to the Copula function method, the root mean square error of the generated data was reduced by 4% and 3.4% for independent and hybrid systems, respectively. Moreover, combining these two resources in most regions showed that the total output smoothness and source-load matching level cannot be enhanced simultaneously. This research will serve as a valuable point of reference for planning and optimizing hybrid systems in China.

Factors associated with minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet practices among children 6-23 months of age in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

The study assessed infant and young child feeding practices and associated factors among 6–23-month-old children in order to inform ongoing and future programs and projects in Bobo-Dioulasso area, in Burkina Faso. Information on child feeding practices and determinants in urban areas is limited in Burkina Faso. Data of 301children, collected in 2013, were considered in this secondary analysis. Questionnaires were used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographic and economic situation. In addition to the information on child care practices, food consumption data were also collected using a 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Indicators of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were constructed and proportion of children meeting these indicators calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to see the association between the outcome variables and explanatory variables, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Data cleaning and analysis were done using SPSS version 25. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were computed to measure the strength of association. Almost 3 out of 4 mothers (72.5%) were housewives and 62.4% of them were illiterate. Among the 301 children, 40.2% were aged 18-23 months. About half of the children (45.2%) were born to mothers from high income households. The proportion of children 6–23 months who met the MDD and MMF for breastfed and non-breastfed children was 18.3% and 28.9%, respectively. Less than one fifth of breastfed children (16.1%) received MAD. Girls were more likely to meet the MDD (p=0.02) and MAD (p=0.04) than boys. The proportion of children 6-23 months meeting the three complementary feeding practice indicators in Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso were far below the WHO-recommended standard of 90% coverage. The MDD and MAD were positively associated to the female gender. This finding could be used to better target the children in order to improve the effects of the ongoing or future interventions in increasing appropriate complementary feeding practices. Key words: Dietary diversity, acceptable diet, associated factors, children 6-23 months

Drug utilization study in the department of psychiatry

Psychiatry disorders are creating its own place in morbidity these days. Various factors like cost of drugs, local paradigms, etc, plays a critical role for selecting the appropriate therapy for a particular patient because usually they are chronic therapy. Keeping this in mind, we conducted a study to delineate the various drugs used in psychiatric disorders, to find discrepancies. Drug utilization studies are essential for correct use of drug. Our study identifies the problems that arise from drug usage in health care delivery system and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs. A total of 518 patients’ data were collected during the period and analyzed for WHO recommended prescribing and complementary indicators. Study shows low incidence of poly pharmacy which is good as poly pharmacy is common in psychiatry and also use of injections was very low. Study shows that prescribing from WHO List of Essential Medicine was not as good as it accounted for only 21.3%. There is scope for improvement in case of medicines prescribed by generic name as none were prescribed by generic name. The average cost per prescription in our study was only 9.41 Indian rupees per day which is affordable by the majority of the patients.

Joint distribution of child mortality and wealth across 30 sub-Saharan African countries over 2000-2019.

While reductions in child mortality have been observed across sub-Saharan African countries in the last 30 years, narrowing the gaps in under-five mortality across socioeconomic groups also requires an understanding of the multiple associations between health and welfare and socioeconomic drivers. We examined the probability density distributions in under-five mortality within countries and joint pathways of under-five mortality and wealth over time. We used 69 Demographic and Health Surveys and 19 Malaria Indicator Surveys from 30 sub-Saharan African countries, with each country having at least two surveys conducted since 2000. We constructed a cross-country wealth index and estimated under-five death prevalence. We examined the pure distribution in under-five mortality prevalence and the joint probability distribution of wealth and under-five mortality prevalence over time, including the area of confidence ellipse which spanned the two dimensions of mortality and wealth and covered 75% of the mass of the joint distribution. Most countries experienced decreases in under-five mortality along with increases in wealth over time. However, we observed great variations in the evolution of the joint distributions across countries over time. For instance, the areas of confidence ellipse ranged from 0.178 in Ethiopia (2000) to 1.119 in Angola (2006). The change (over time) in the area of confidence ellipses ranged from 0.010 in Tanzania to 0.844 in Angola between the 2000s and 2010s. The ranking of country performance on under-five mortality varied greatly, depending on whether performance summary indicators were based on disaggregation by wealth or on full non-disaggregated distributions. Our analysis points to the relevance of full distributions of health and joint distributions of health and wealth as complementary indicators of distributions of health across socioeconomic status, in assessing country performance on health.

Sociodemographic inequalities in vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods consumption in children aged 6-23 months from 91 LMIC.

No multi-country analysis described patterns and inequalities for the brand-new feeding indicators proposed by WHO/UNICEF: zero consumption of vegetables and fruits (ZVF) and consumption of eggs and/or flesh (EFF). Our aim was to describe patterns in the prevalence and social inequalities of ZVF and EFF among children aged 6-23 months in low-and middle-income countries. Data from nationally representative surveys (2010-2019) in 91 low-and middle-income countries were used to investigate within-country disparities in ZVF and EFF by place of residence, wealth quintiles, child sex and child age. The slope index of inequality was used to assess socioeconomic inequalities. Analyses were also pooled by World Bank income groups. The prevalence of ZVF was 44.8% and it was lowest in children from upper-middle income countries, from urban areas, and those 18-23 months. The slope index of inequality showed that socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of ZVF were higher among poor children in comparison to richest children (mean SII = -15.3; 95%CI: -18.5; -12.1). Overall, 42.1% of children consumed egg and/or flesh foods. Being a favorable indicator, findings for EFF were generally in the opposite direction than for ZVF. The prevalence was highest in children from upper-middle income countries, from urban areas, and those 18-23 months of age. The slope index of inequality showed pro-rich patterns in most countries (mean SII = 15.4; 95%CI: 12.2; 18.6). Our findings demonstrate that inequalities exist in terms of household wealth, place of residence, and age of the child in the prevalence of the new complementary feeding indicators. Moreover, children from low-and lower-middle countries had the lowest consumption of fruits, vegetables, eggs, and flesh foods. Such findings provide new insights towards effective approaches to tackle the malnutrition burden through optimal feeding practices.

Environmental performance for hydrogen locally produced and used as an energy source in urban buses

Different economies are adopting various strategies to achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets established during the 21st Conference of Parties. Regarding urban transportation, the Brazilian government launched the Hydrogen-bus Project (BHP) that, although the pilot project has shown high technological efficacy, is missing environmental-related studies from a systemic perspective. This work aims to assess the environmental performance of an expansion scenario for the BHP, which is small-scale and locally producing hydrogen from water electrolysis. The expansion scenario covers the entire São Paulo Metropolitan region (22 million inhabitants), modeled from a ‘well to wheel’ boundaries by including hydrogen production and use in 4076 buses, yearly traveling 265,000 km. Emergy synthesis (with ‘m’) and life cycle assessment (LCA) are applied to obtain complementary environmental indicators. LCA results show that the expansion scenario's implementation phase contributes most to fossil energy depletion (94%), acidification potential (94%), and particulate matter (70%) impact categories, while the operational phase reaches 63% of total global warming potential. Compared with diesel, electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, and biodiesel energy alternatives, the studied hydrogen scenario showed the worst figures for fossil energy depletion (4.61E-06 MJeq./km person) but the best performance for global warming (4.35E-06 kgCO2-eq./km person), acidification potential (2.40E-09 kgSO2-eq./km person), and particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 μm (8.32E-11 kgPM2.5-10/km person). From an emergy viewpoint, the operational phase demands about 96% of the invested emergy in the evaluated scenario, mostly from electricity for water electrolysis (51%) and human labor (44%). No emergy contribution for societal development as expressed by the emergy yield ratio (EYR of 1.0) is available for the evaluated scenario. Still, compared to biodiesel and diesel options, hydrogen has higher renewability (m-%R of 42%), lower environmental loading ratio (ELR of 1.4), and slightly higher emergy sustainability (m-ESI of 0.71). Generally, the hydrogen-based evaluated scenario proved to be the best option compared to diesel and biodiesel. In addition to discussing alternatives energy sources to break the addiction to fossil fuel, this work highlights the importance of considering a conceptual model supporting method and indicator choice, as well as providing a consistent, updated, and detailed calculation procedure, which will be useful for future similar studies and support scientific-based public policies.

SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS

Abstract. The article is devoted to the development of system integration in the management of enterprises. A qualitative analysis of the development directions of system integration was carried out. Research methods were used: analogies and synthesis to highlight and combine signs of integration and self-organization of management; induction and deduction in the study of the processes of integration and disintegration; an abstract logical generalization of the experience of creating integrated management systems and qualitatively meaningful identification of the basic system elements to ensure the systems acquire an integrative status. The results of research work are summarized and a conceptual approach to system integration is developed. The essence of the approach is to achieve integrated status by the management system of the enterprise based on its acquisition of integration signs. The substantive essence of the approach is based on the symbiosis of cybernetic and synergistic approaches to management. This determines the combination of integration and self-organization of management. Such a conceptual synthesis has an applied application, which consists in using the integration basis of the management system. The basis will produce system integration signs during the integration process. Integrative signs will be connected with self-organizing signs in the management process. The implementation of the integration basis will involve the use of unified management elements in the integration process. Such elements are justified as common for the introduction of management systems (subsystems) that will be integrated, and reporting of an integrative nature. Integration signs will be practically embodied in integrated management solutions, combined with self-organizing signs, thanks to this approach. The basic theoretical provisions for the implementation of the conceptual approach to system integration will be based on the study of: integration and economic states, using complementary indicators of activity and integration signs, effect and degree of integration; informational and economic images of reflective business entities for the acquisition of integration signs in business processes; sufficiency of integrative quality in the informational presentability of integration signs in the interrelationships of economic, social, and environmental activities of enterprises. Keywords: integration sign, integration basis, reflection, self-organization, management system, state of the business entity, unified management elements

Analisis kesalahan struktur kalimat dasar pada keterampilan menulis teks wawancara peserta didik kelas iv sekolah dasar negeri tegalsari tahun pelajaran 2021/2022

This study aims to describe the ability to use sentences based on sentence structure on the skills of writing interview texts for fourth grade students of SD Negeri Tegalsari. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with reports on the results of student interviews. The sampling technique in this research is the research subject. Data collection techniques used interviews, documentation studies, and observation. Validity test data using source triangulation techniques and triangulation techniques. The data analysis technique uses imperative analysis which includes four stages, namely: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, (4) drawing conclusions. The percentage of errors in the use of subject indicators (19.23%), predicate indicators (13.46%), object indicators (8.65%), information indicators (45.2%), and complementary indicators (13.46%). The causes of errors in the use of sentences based on sentence structure in the reports of student interviews include: (1) lack of understanding of students on the selection and use of appropriate sentences, (2) lack of application of strategies in teaching sentence structure by teachers. The teacher's effort to overcome this is by giving exercises to students so that students are accustomed to communicating using standard language, both spoken and written.