Complementary Framework Research Articles

Generalizing hierarchical and variation partitioning in multiple regression and canonical analyses using the rdacca.hp R package

Abstract Canonical analysis, a generalization of multiple regression to multiple‐response variables, is widely used in ecology. Because these models often involve many parameters (one slope per response per predictor), they pose challenges to model interpretation. Among these challenges, we lack quantitative frameworks for estimating the overall importance of single predictors in multi‐response regression models. Here we demonstrate that commonality analysis and hierarchical partitioning, widely used for both estimating predictor importance and improving the interpretation of single‐response regression models, are related and complementary frameworks that can be expanded for the analysis of multiple‐response models. In this application, we (a) demonstrate the mathematical links between commonality analysis, variation and hierarchical partitioning; (b) generalize these frameworks to allow the analysis of any number of predictor variables or groups of predictor variables as in the case of variation partitioning; and (c) introduce and demonstrate the implementation of these generalized frameworks in the R package rdacca.hp.

Transfer or Translation? Rethinking Traveling Technologies from the Global South

Technology flows are becoming increasingly diverse in the twenty-first century, calling for an update of concepts and frameworks. Reflecting on the inherent tensions of technology transfer, including its technocratic dreams, insensitivity to technological materiality, and narrow focus on certain human actors, we propose technology translation as a complementary conceptual framework to understand traveling technologies. Taking a socio-technical approach, technology translation views artifacts as socially shaped with distributed agency, which makes technology flows unstable and unpredictable. In so doing, we develop a typology to explain five technology flow scenarios, shedding new light on the mechanisms of technology traveling by foregrounding the role of translators. Last, we discuss the politics of translation and elaborate how technology translation opens new space to engage with the complexity and uncertainty of technology flows, especially in the Global South.

Content moderation as language policy

Commercial content moderation removes harassment, abuse, hate, or any material deemed harmful or offensive from user-generated content platforms. A platform’s content policy and related government regulations are forms of explicit language policy. This kind of policy dictates the classifications of harmful language and aims to change users’ language practices by force. However, the de facto language policy is the actual practice of language moderation by algorithms and humans. Algorithms and human moderators enforce which words (and thereby, content) can be shared, revealing the normative values of hateful, offensive, or free speech and shaping how users adapt and create new language practices. This paper will introduce the process and challenges of commercial content moderation, as well as Canada’s proposed Bill C-36 with its complementary regulatory framework, and briefly discuss the implications for language practices.

Age and Ageing journal 50th anniversary commentary seriesWhy illness is more important than disease in old age.

Clinical reasoning and research in modern geriatrics often prioritises the disease concept. This is understandable as it has brought impressive advances in medicine (e.g. antibiotics, vaccines, successful cancer treatment and many effective surgeries). However, so far the disease framework has not succeeded in getting us to root causes of many age-related chronic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis). Moreover, in aging and disease constructs alone fail to explain the variability in illness presentations.Therefore, we propose to apply the underused illness concept in a new way by reconsidering the importance of common symptoms in the form of a dynamic network of symptoms as a complementary framework. We show that concepts and methods of complex system thinking now enable to fruitfully monitor and analyse the multiple interactions between symptoms in such in networks, offering new routes for prognosis and treatment. Moreover, close attention to the symptoms that bother older persons may also improve weighing the therapeutic objectives of well-being and survival and aligning treatment targets with the patients’ priorities.

A multiturn complementary generative framework for conversational emotion recognition

Conversational emotion recognition (CER) is a significant task due to its application in human–computer interaction. Existing work treats CER as an utterance-level classification task without considering that empathic response also reflects contextual emotion understanding. Previous work has proven that accurate recognition of emotions in the dialogue history is helpful to generate high-fit responses. In this paper, we investigate whether this conclusion is a sufficient and necessary condition. Specifically, we define an auxiliary empathic multiturn dialogue generation (MDG) task to enhance emotion understanding. Correspondingly, we present a Sequence-to-Sequence oriented framework that combines CER and MDG in a multitask learning manner to verify the complementarity between the two tasks. First, we use alternate recurrent neural networks to encode the content of historical utterances and represent the states of multiparty emotions, which are used for emotion classification. Second, since most MDG methods ignore the emotional coherence of the dialogue context itself, we use affine transformation to fuse hidden states of content and emotions to initialize the decoder. Finally, at each step of generation, an attention mechanism is used to fuse information from the dialogue history to ensure emotional coherence. The CER results of our models outperform the state-of-the-art on three prevalent emotional dialogue data sets. Further analysis demonstrates the mutual promotion and empathy interpretability between MDG and CER. Furthermore, our framework is scalable for different coding strategies and multimodal fusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to explore CER from the perspective of empathy through multitask learning with dialogue generation.

Rebuilding peace in exile: bringing together the Women, Peace and Security Agenda and the International Refugee Protection Regime in Turkey

ABSTRACT Refugee women are generally depicted as vulnerable and dependent subjects and excluded from peacebuilding efforts. This article is a response to the need for balancing the protection needs of refugee women and their participation in decision-making processes. It brings two different but complementary frameworks, namely the International Refugee Protection Regime (IRPR) and the United Nations Security Council’s Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda, into conversation through a gender analysis. The article shows that bringing these two frameworks together can overcome each other’s limitations regarding refugee women’s agency. Through analysing legal and policy frameworks together with the existing literature on refugee women and the WPS Agenda, this article focuses on Turkey as a case study. This article argues that implementing the IRPR and the WPS Agenda together in a national action plan in Turkey would strengthen refugee women’s protection and promote their agency as actors of peacebuilding in exile.

A Theoretical Appraisal of Elaborating a Stock Market Prudential Surveillance System Based on a Conceptual Model of Integration of the Financial Sectors and Market Risk Mitigation

This theoretical research investigates the integration process between the two most prominent financial sectors the stock market and the credit market and attempts to engineer an alternative prudential toolkit shaped for stock market resilience from systemic risk and financial instability and that complements the basic Basel II and III framework shaped for the credit market. An analytical study will be conducted for the purpose of engineering a stock market prudential surveillance system with both micro and macro-prudential instruments, taking into account the integration constraints and unveiling thereby the threats ensuing from excessive covariance between stock returns. It finds evidence of theoretical arguments implying amplification and offsetting of threats by interaction between prudential instruments deployed simultaneously across sectors, for instance the credit sector and the stock market sector and finds solutions to collusion of interaction within the framework of elaborating instruments related to the prudential engineering. This research holds that Pareto improvement in the prevalence of market frictions introduced by prudential surveillance instruments leaves room for resilience from the onslaught of market risk entailed by sentiment driven speculation. Prudential surveillance fashioned like Basel II and III for the scope of mitigating stock market vulnerability to excessive volatility harbours some highly challengable presumptions regarding the methodology to be persued for the sake of shaping the best methodological approach to prudential engineering of instruments. The interaction process between the proposed prudential scheme and monetary policy highlights one additional challenging scope for central banking while shaping monetary policy stance. This complementary prudential framework reinvigorates the Basel II and III agreements which is specific to the credit sector and might reveal in shortage of instruments providing surveillance on the sources of systemic exposure whenever it is stemming from the stock market. This reinvigorating toolkit thereby reinforces the surveillance instruments aimed at mitigating financial instability in a more pervasive and comprehensive method.

Not #MeToo: The Seduction Community’s Nice Guys, Bad Apples, False Allegations and Anxiety

This paper explores the Dutch seduction community in an effort to understand how its members’ inter-subjective frameworks relate to wider issue of sexual violence. Part of the men’s rights movement, the seduction community is a transnational, self-help community aiming at empowering men who are “deficient” at social skills and particularly at successfully “picking up” women. The embodiment of masculinity is central to this rule-based, essentialist framing of sexuality and attraction in which men aim at instrumentally influencing sexual interactions in a quest to regain control and felt lost power over intimate relations. Sexual success becomes a token of manhood that not only helps “socially awkward heterosexual men” climb up the social ladder of masculinities but also one that promises soothing of anxieties and mastering of emotions. Based on twelve qualitative interviews of the Dutch seduction community’s members, this paper examines how its members frame their involvement with pickup in light of the anti-sexual harassment activism represented by MeToo. The paper argues that the community resorts to an intertwining of two complementary discursive frameworks: hegemonic masculinity versus victim power, emphasizing what scholars have called hybrid masculinity.

Fine-grained attribute-aware analysis for person re-identification

How and where to learn the discriminative feature has always been a critical issue of person re-identification (re-ID). Most of the previous methods focus on extracting global representation from overall identity image and lack of high-level semantic attribute information. Based on the considerations above, we focus on looking for a way to make people’s attribute play a role in person re-identification task. In this paper, a novel multitask-like network, namely, Attribute-Identity Complementary Network (AICNet), is designed. It contains two branches to learn the identity and attribute feature separately, and a reciprocal interaction process is added to enrich the discrimination of the resulting feature. In addition, in order to better extract high-level semantic attribute information, multi-scale features are combined in the process of attribute extraction. With the help of this attribute-identity complementary strategy, the generated feature can be guided to learn most distinctive attribute feature that is most relevant to identity feature. The present paper carries out extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets, including Market-1501, and DukeMTMC-reID, after which it is found that our attribute-identity complementary framework significantly outperforms the baseline model and achieves competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art person re-ID methods.

Corporate governance, transparency and performance: empirical evidence from UAE

The paper uses both the agency theory and the legitimacy theory to provide a complementary framework that links different patterns of disclosures (i.e., transparency) to corporate performance for a sample of 116 United Arab Emirates (UAE) listed firms between years 2008-2016. It investigates the relationship between corporate disclosures (i.e., transparency), organisational commitment to law, a set of governance mechanisms (namely, board size, CEO decision-making power, and foreign ownership) and corporate performance while controlling for corporate specific characteristics such as size, type, age and leverage. The empirical results show that transparency indices have a puzzling pattern across different performance measures - namely return on assets, asset turnover and organisational growth. The paper is one of very few studies that examine the association between corporate transparency and corporate performance in an emerging market economy such as the UAE.

Critical rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis in a critical pandemic world

This paper introduces the potentials of crossing critical rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis in analyzing public discourse concerning one of the “corona topics”, namely institutional communication about the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The application of two complementary theoretical frameworks reveals discourse negotiation and naturalization of power and ideology in a persuasive discursive practice of issuing successive contradictory messages regarding the vaccine’s safety.

Development of a complementary framework for implementing asset register solutions

AbstractA correctly compiled asset register within an asset information management system (AIMS) provides the foundation for a successful asset data solution. The lack of correctly structured asset registers within organizations is acknowledged among research and communities of practice. A case study identified anomalies that emerge when using established standards, after which a comprehensive solution for hierarchies, naming conventions and attributes was offered. While standards such as BS ISO 1007 and ISO 14224 provide overarching solution principles, such provisions are not all‐encompassing and exist across several sources, which makes the task of developing asset registers error‐prone and laborious. Challenges associated with software applications were highlighted through combining personal industrial experience as well as consultations with the existing body of knowledge. Recommendations that enable successful deployment of AIMS, with emphasis on its accommodation of a reliable asset register were then proffered. Scalability was addressed which enables an asset register to expand. This study describes a novel and simplified approach embodied within a single document. Combining the prescriptions of this article with existing literature will ease the delivery of an asset register.

Women of Color Leveraging Community Cultural Wealth to Persist in Computing and Tech Graduate Education: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

This paper synthesizes 20 years (1999–2019) of empirical research on women of color (WOC) in computing and tech graduate education. Using complementary theoretical frameworks of social pain and community cultural wealth (CCW), we identify factors in the research literature that affect WOC’s experiences, participation, success, and persistence. This qualitative meta-synthesis employed systematic literature search and selection methods, a hybrid approach to coding and thematic analysis. Findings include the ways in which social pain from isolation, exclusion, and hostility from peers and faculty negatively affected WOC’s experiences in their graduate programs. Often, WOC’s motivation to persist and succeed in computing came from key social actors, such as mentors and families, and from individual and social strategies, such as seeking counterspaces, that leveraged their CCW. This meta-synthesis contributes to the knowledge base about the mechanisms that support and hinder the persistence of WOC in computing graduate programs and provides recommendations for institutions and for further research.

Vivienda colectiva en lotes urbanos: seguridad e higiene en obra. Aportes para la gestión de excavaciones, submuraciones y demoliciones

In Argentina, public policies related to Safety and Hygiene started at the beginning of the 20th century, and it was not until the 1970s that the first regulations related to the subject were passed, when the current Law Nº 19587 on "Safety and Hygiene at Work" was sanctioned. In particular, the construction industry, since 1996, has had a complementary regulatory framework with Decree Nº 911. On the other hand, the demolition, excavation and submurder stages found an intervention mechanism with SRT Resolutions Nº 550/11 and SRT Nº 503/14. However, the regulatory framework does not provide specificity in relation to procedures and consequently does not guarantee efficiency/effectiveness in operational terms. This work exposes a gap, which, from a particular methodological approach, concludes with the obtaining of results, as it verifies the levels of compliance of the actions in the traceability of the work, aimed at framing the demolition, excavation and submuration tasks according to regulatory parameters of Health and Safety established by the instrument of analysis / matrix. As part of the final considerations, this work proposes to contribute with management guidelines for the aforementioned tasks in urban collective housing works.

The Interpersonal Meanings of Words and Images in Ads: An Intersemiotic Complementary View

This study aims to find out the interpersonal meaning and the intersemiotic complementary in public service advertisement of selected violence against children prevention campaign. Employing Royce’s intersemiotic complementary framework (2001), it analyzed how the visual and verbal signs work together to create common messages sent to the public as viewers/readers. Based on the analysis, it is found out that the five aspects of visual features --visual contact, social distance, involvement, power relation, and modality—have worked together to construct the interpersonal meaning. The close up shot showing the detail of the bruises on the nose emphasizing a high modality; it represents a high naturality. The boy in bruises looks directly at viewers’ eyes, demanding a help from them. The equal frame on the picture tells the readers that the boy can be part of every one’s life. It may happen in any place and the readers are asked to do take an action. In terms of verbal features, the declarative sentences are used to inform the facts. It is to highlite the clear message in the image, saying that such a violence may be taken by a mother who inherits the boy’s nose—the one who actually loves him very much, but the situation has changed her a lot. Through the way the producers organize the verbal text the readers may take their action to stop the child abuse. Both visual and verbal modes are contributes to convey interpersonal meaning. The intersemiotic complementary in the advertisement is realized interpersonally through the meanings projected in both modes through the reinforcement of address.

Minority Stress for Care Experienced Young Queer People: A Case Study.

Young people who are placed in out-of-home care are amongst the most vulnerable in our community. Removed from or rejected by their families, they must learn to live with carers who may be strangers. They may have experienced the trauma of abuse or neglect. Post care, they may experience further social isolation and marginalisation due to limited social capital. These challenges are compounded for queer young people placed in out-of-home care. This study adopted a case study approach to explore the lived experience of two young adults growing up queer in and out of out-of-home care in Australia. Our investigation was framed by two complementary theoretical frameworks. The first, a model of minority stress, is informed by queer perspectives and enabled an exploration into the adverse impact of enduring stigma and prejudice associated with homophobia and transphobia on young people’s capacity to thrive. The model of social capital was then employed to inform an analysis of relationships between queer young people in out-of-home care and trustworthy adults. The findings suggest that queer young people growing up in out-of-home care experience minoritised stress, with lasting negative implications. The presence however, of trustworthy adults who challenge dominant heteronormative assumptions and work to support queer young people can be experienced as stabilising and restorative.

Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to design and implement a perinatal education program in a large maternity hospital

BackgroundImplementation science aims to embed evidence-based practice as ‘usual care’ using theoretical underpinnings to guide these processes. Conceptualising the complementary purpose and application of theoretical approaches through all stages of an implementation project is not well understood and is not routinely reported in implementation research, despite call for this. This paper presents the synthesis and a collective approach to application of a co-design model, a model for understanding need, theories of behaviour change with frameworks and tools to guide implementation and evaluation brought together with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).MethodUsing a determinant framework such as the CFIR provides a lens for understanding, influencing, and explaining the complex and multidimensional variables at play within a health service that contribute to planning for and delivering effective patient care. Complementary theories, models, frameworks, and tools support the research process by providing a theoretical and practical structure to understanding the local context and guiding successful local implementation.ResultsThis paper provides a rationale for conceptualising the multidimensional approach for implementation using the worked example of a pregnancy, birth, postnatal and early parenting education intervention for expectant and new parents at a large maternity hospital.ConclusionThis multidimensional theoretical approach provides useful, practical guidance to health service researchers and clinicians to develop project specific rationale for their theoretical approach to implementation projects.

Sacred swamped as profane reigns: Catalysing Indigenous voice through reflexive articulation of place

From 2017 to 2019, I wrote several news stories about an Indigenous woman’s struggle, with others, in Western Australia’s oldest European settlement of Albany to maintain a ban on water skiing at a culturally significant swamp by the banks of which her mother was born. Until my stories were published, news reports had focused on the needs of skiers. The headline of my first story, ‘The sacred and profane’, invoked Bourdieu’s conception of social space as a field constructed by tensions between holders of unequal levels of cultural and economic capital. This is consistent with Massey’s observations of places as contested social constructs. Both theories are complementary frameworks from which to interrogate and inform journalistic practice. This article shows how critically reflexive articulation of place, through journalism, enabled Indigenous voices to be heard in a regional city that had been ground zero for colonialism in Australia’s largest state by area.

Towards a unified assessment framework of speech pseudonymisation

Anonymisation and pseudonymisation are two similar concepts used in privacy preservation for speech data. With no established definitions for these tasks, nor standard approaches to assessment, this paper provides definitions and presents two complementary assessment frameworks. The first is based on voice similarity matrices which provide both an immediate visualisation of privacy protection performance at the speaker level and two objective measures in the form of de-identification and voice distinctiveness preservation. The approach readily highlights imbalances in system performance at the speaker level. The second, referred to as the zero evidence biometric recognition assessment (ZEBRA) framework, is based on information theory and measures the amount of private information disclosed in speech data. The paper presents also an extension to the original ZEBRA framework. It aims to reflect the robustness of the privacy safeguard when a privacy adversary adapts to the protected speech. We demonstrate the application of both frameworks to assess pseudonymisation performance on the two VoicePrivacy 2020 challenge baseline solutions plus a third one. The two frameworks were designed independently of each other. The ZEBRA framework is fully consistent with the Bayesian decision theory and the other framework focuses instead on speaker-wise visualisations of a system performance. Thus, while metrics derived from them bear similarities, they expose differences in safeguard behavior. The assessment of pseudonymisation remains challenging and merits greater attention in the future.

Causal pathways in the political economy of climate adaptation: Winners and losers in Turkana, Kenya solar mini-grid projects

International development aid is widely considered essential to support climate adaptation efforts in low-income countries. There has been a rapid increase in the number and geographic range of case studies reporting outcomes of low-carbon development projects, while a limited number of complementary analytical frameworks have also been produced to enable insights to be translated into tangible guidelines and recommendations for policy makers. A particularly important outcome from this body of research has been to demonstrate how poor design and implementation of these projects can create significant negative socio-economic and ecological outcomes at a local level. However, unpicking the causal mechanisms through which these unintended outcomes are created within complex systems remains a challenge. Making use of Sovacool et al.’s (2015) influential 4Es framework and combining it with the ‘Mechanisms of Social Change’ (MOSC) language for analysing systems, our study aims to provide an approach for setting out causal pathways that explain how the implementation of adaptation projects creates negative as well as positive impacts. To illustrate this approach, we map the system of solar mini-grid projects in northern Kenya and use this to analyse impact on local communities. We suggest that this approach can strengthen analysis of existing climate change programmes and support better design of future adaptation interventions.