Complementarity Model Research Articles

A multi-commodity partial equilibrium model of imperfect competition in future global hydrogen markets

Techno-economic studies are investigating procurement costs of hydrogen and related derivatives across various international trade routes. However, the strategic behavior of exporters is rarely considered in this context, despite similar behavior frequently observed in the fossil fuel world and market characteristics indicating some potential. This work introduces a novel techno-economic model of oligopolistic trade tailored around the value chain of potential future global hydrogen markets. It is formulated as a mixed complementarity problem with a convex reformulation, allowing to solve both competitive and oligopolistic equilibria much beyond the capabilities of traditional complementarity models. Illustrative results show that assuming perfectly competitive price formation in early phases of future global hydrogen markets may lead to overly optimistic hydrogen price projections. This is especially the case within Europe, Japan, and South Korea. In contrast, strategically withholding quantities in export may decrease prices for some domestic markets.

Enhancing grid hosting capacity with coordinated non-firm connections in industrial energy communities

A significant increase in grid connection requests from industrial customers has lead to long connection queues. Combined with long lead times on grid construction, the result is significant socioeconomic losses due to lack of grid capacity. Distribution system operators (DSO) have therefore introduced non-firm connections as an alternative, where the new grid customer may connect on the condition that the DSO retains the right to disconnect the grid customer if necessary. An option to potential disconnection is for customers to leverage flexibility to stay below an agreed capacity level. Unfortunately, many existing grid customers possess flexibility potential but lack incentives to utilise it. To address this, we propose a “coordinated non-firm connection”, where the new grid customer forms an energy community with existing grid customers to coordinate flexibility and capacity utilisation. To demonstrate technical feasibility and incentive compatibility, we formulate a complementarity model. Applying this model to a case study involving three industrial grid customers, we showcase both technical potential and incentive compatibility. Results illustrate how energy community members engage in capacity trading within a local market, ensuring adherence to grid limitations. The game theory-based model confirms sufficient economic benefit for all members to participate.

System-wide benefits of temporal alignment of wholesale–retail electricity prices

Exposing residential consumers to real-time pricing (RTP) can yield significant efficiency gains, but may also pose challenges due to the inherent complexity. Using an extensive spectrum of temporal granularities for retail electricity pricing, we analyze to what extent these capture the benefits of RTP while concurrently considering the influence of three distribution tariff types in distorting the pricing signal. Via a mixed complementarity model, we consider both operational and investment decisions at retail as well as wholesale levels, accounting for their interdependencies. Our analysis reveals three key findings. Firstly, we find that decreasing temporal granularity of retail electricity prices increases total system cost due to an increasingly inefficient generation mix, however, three-hourly or six-hourly pricing can approximate RTP benefits. Secondly, decreasing temporal granularity of retail electricity prices raises average offtake and lowers average injection prices for consumers due to changes in wholesale market prices as well as consumption patterns of consumers. Thirdly, capacity-based tariffs reduce system offtake peaks and associated price increases by incentivizing battery discharge during peak consumption while volumetric tariffs, over-incentivizing solar PV investments, result in highest offtake prices and injection peaks.

Triple-layer joint optimization of capacity and operation for integrated energy systems by coordination on multiple timescales

The introduction of energy conversion and storage devices, such as power-to-gas (P2G) and seasonal energy storage, can realize the multi-timescale electricity, heat and natural gas complementarity for integrated energy systems (IESs), promoting renewable energy consumption. However, this brings a large number of decision variables, strong coupling, and nonlinearity, increasing the complexity and difficulty of the optimal design for IESs. Therefore, this study proposes a generic triple-layer optimal design framework for IESs via coordination on multiple timescales. The proposed framework decomposes the optimal design of IESs into long-, medium-, and short-timescale optimization layers that are tractable. The long-timescale optimization layer realizes the seasonal source–load matching by incorporating a refined electricity–gas complementarity model; medium-timescale optimization layer utilizes the inter-day energy transfer to deal with extreme loads caused by rare weather conditions; and short-timescale optimization layer aims to realize real-time energy balances and gain economic benefits by intraday peak shaving. Each layer not only optimizes related capacity and operation variables jointly for its own timescale but also exchanges coupling information with adjacent layers via designed interactive iteration mechanisms. The implementation of the proposed framework is further investigated in the design of an electricity–gas–heating–cooling coupled IES. Finally, a case study is performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimal design method. Simulation results show that the proposed method realizes source–load matching across multiple timescales, reducing the annualized total cost of the IES by 2.4 % and 3.3 % compared to the conventional single-timescale optimal design method under the grid connection and off-grid modes, respectively. The renewable energy consumption and device utilization rate of the optimized IES exhibit obvious improvements. In particular, the wind energy consumption of the IES increases by 15 times after introducing P2G and seasonal energy storage. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses indicate that the natural gas price considerably affects the optimization of the capacity configuration and economic performance of the IES, far exceeding that of the electricity price.

The Economic Cultures of Fear and Love

In earlier work, the author has studied the economic role of planning horizons in making a case for complementarity as the predominant feature of social interdependence. This paper compares the different choice strategies implied by substitution, opposition and conflicts of interest in an economics of fear with those arising from horizon effects, economic complementarity and concerts of interest in an economics based on love. The contrasting implications of a psychological literature on negative vs. positive emotions and their health effects, along with the findings in neurophysiological research about how humans are hard-wired for empathy and compassion leads to some fundamental changes in how we might address and revise social problems through economic analysis. The aim of this paper is to extend a horizonal case for complementarity in the author's previous work into its psychological links to research findings on healthy cognitive function and its emotional basis. An economics of substitution yields quite different conclusions about optimal institutional forms and how we address and frame social relations than are implied by an explicitly horizonal economics of complementary social relations. Recent psychological and neurophysiological studies support a horizonal case for complementarity in social relations, showing that our orthodox substitution assumptions and models of competitive equilibrium should be rejected for a renewed economic analysis based on horizonal models of complementarity and cooperation as a means to achieve greater social well-being in a healthier and more integrative form of social organization. The issues to be explored are not entertained within the currently existing frame of orthodox economics, so we must step beyond our standard habitual assumptions.

Energy-efficient scheduling for a hybrid flow shop problem while considering multi-renewable energy

At present, the concept of green and sustainable development has been recognised by everyone. For industrial applications, the concept is both a matter of energy consumption and a matter of production methods. Based on the hybrid flow shop problem, a multi-energy supply system is constructed, and external renewable energy microgrid is introduced to further improve the low-carbon level. From the perspectives of energy supply and internal load, the output of wind power and photovoltaic, energy storage cost and energy consumption cost in the flow shop on a certain day are analysed under the demand–response electricity price. After considering the natural endowments and demand differences of different microgrids, construct a multi-energy complementarity model, determine the coordination transaction strategy among microgrids and obtain the solution of the subproblem and the equilibrium solution of the whole problem. Finally, an example is given to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under time-of-use prices. The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the utilisation rate of renewable energy in the flow shop while reducing the overall operating cost.

Redistributive Capital Taxation Revisited

This paper uses a rich quantitative model with endogenous skill acquisition to show that capital-skill complementarity provides a quantitatively significant rationale to tax capital for redistributive governments. The optimal capital income tax rate is 67 percent, while it is 61 percent in an identically calibrated model without capital-skill complementarity. The skill premium falls from 1.9 to 1.84 along the transition following the optimal reform in the capital-skill complementarity model, implying substantial indirect redistribution from skilled to unskilled workers. These results show that a redistributive government should take into account capital-skill complementarity when taxing capital. (JEL D31, H21, H23, H24, H25, J24, J31)

Difference and diversity: Combining multiculturalist and interculturalist approaches to integration

Multiculturalism (MC) and interculturalism (IC) as approaches to governing ethnic diversity have developed an often antagonistic relationship, borne out through scholarly as well as political debates. Yet, increasingly, scholars have begun to note that while IC-consistent policies have gained some prominence, they have done so alongside MC policies. This suggests the possibility of complementarity between the two, and prominent scholars on both sides have also begun to stress complementarity. What this might look like, however, has not yet been well researched or developed. Focusing on the UK context, an important site in which debates between MC and IC have played out, this article aims to address this point of complementarity. It does so through an analysis of documents and interviews from civil society organisations who work in areas of integration, diversity and anti-discrimination at national and local levels. The article identifies four models of complementarity and shows the divergent and contested ways in which theoretical aspects of competing normative positions are combined empirically. In this way, it develops an argument for the continued centrality of MC for policy in these areas.

A real-time energy dispatch strategy based on the energy cooperative optimization complementarity model of multi-microgrids

With the wide application of high proportion of distributed clean energy in regional microgrids, the issue of maximizing the utilization of renewable energy among multi-microgrids has become a research hotspot. Based on the proposed multi-microgrids' energy collaborative optimization and complementation model, a multi-microgrids' energy real-time optimization management and dispatch strategy is proposed that fully considers the real-time complementarity of renewable energy between multi-microgrids and achieves the best coordinated dispatch of energy. Two typical scenarios were set up in the IEEE 33-bus network model for verification, and the synergistic effects of different schemes were compared and set up. The data obtained demonstrate that the dispatch and management strategy proposed in this paper can achieve the maximum integration of renewable energy and the lowest operating cost among multi-microgrids, and it also validates the real-time, feasibility, and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Documentation As Meta-Level Activity

Today we live in an information society, which is to a large extent also a document society (Buckland, 2018). In our daily lives, we must cope with an ever-growing flood of different documents, keep track of them, pick out relevant content, and produce documents in suitable forms. In addition, tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology, such as ChatGPT[1], are making their way into the document world, challenging us with new affordances, and questions about how to deal with them and what changes this will bring. Existing documentation models such as the model of complementarity (N. W. Lund, 2004), the ontology of human expression (Olsen et al., 2012), and the document phenomenology (Gorichanaz and Latham, 2016) contain valuable indications from which we can learn a lot about the process of document production. However, current models are missing out on the relations between the variables of the greater system in which they are embedded such as documents as instruments, the community, rules, and the division of labor, as well as the subject's actions, motives, and greater goals in the documentation activity. This conceptual paper presents the model of documentation activity, which on the one hand can unite and expand existing models in the field of document theory, and on the other hand provide a common crystallization point for practitioners and scholars from related fields to analyze the documentation activity within a dynamic socio-technical system. The model of documentation activity is developed along existing document theory concepts using activity theory (AT) (Engeström, 1987) as a framework. [1] ChatGPT is a system for natural language processing (NLP) based on deep learning technology which was developed by the company OpenAI. ChatGPT can generate human-like conversations by understanding the context of a conversation and generating appropriate responses. (Deng and Lin, 2023).

On different collective storage schemes in energy communities with internal market

Energy communities are recognised as a valuable framework to promote penetration of renewable sources at the residential level, as well as increment the efficiency and self-sufficiency of domestic users. In such paradigms, energy storage may bring notable benefits due to its energy arbitrage and capacity to efficiently manage renewable sources. However, at the residential level, storage systems are not widely deployed and, in this regard, collective storage options may suppose an attractive alternative. From a market perspective, energy communities can be cooperative or competitive. This paper focuses on the second case when internal community markets are launched to promote competition among prosumers. In such a framework, two possible collective storage schemes are analysed. On the one hand, the so-called competitive storage paradigm, in which storage assets partake in internal markets as an independent agent. On the other hand, the so-called cooperative storage scheme, by which storage assets are centrally managed to pursue collective welfare. To this end, the day-ahead scheduling tool for the community is extended to include both collective storage arrangements, thus resulting in different complementarity models that can be efficiently solved using off-the-shelf solvers. Such complementarity models are applied to a benchmark three-prosumers community, extracting various relevant results and conclusions. Generally, it is concluded that the cooperative storage scheme is more attractive for prosumers, allowing them to reduce their bill notably. However, this scheme seems very sensitive to the storage and community size and can discourage installing high-power photovoltaic units. In this sense, the so-called competitive storage scheme, although less beneficial for prosumers, seems a more easily implementable option in communities with internal market structure.

Sterile inflammation, cross-presentation, autophagy and adaptive immunity in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases

Proinflammatory extracellular and intracellular DAMPs are the dominant etiological factors of sterile inflammation in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They are generated by systemic progressive disorganization of loose fibrous unformed connective tissue, programmed cell death and cell necrosis. Sterile inflammation is a multi-stage process which is induced by a sequence of reactions mediated by leukocytes and resident cells of the macrophage-monocyte series, aimed at cleansing the focus of inflammation from cellular and tissue detritus, followed by restoration of homeostasis of damaged tissue. An important role in this process belongs to the transendothelial migration of leukocytes to the focus of sterile inflammation and formation of cellular inflammatory infiltrate. The key feature of these events is the reactivity of PRR receptors followed by a cascade of PRR-DAMPs interactions with subsequent launch of molecular and cellular processes causing the local and/or systemic manifestations of sterile inflammation. Activation of innate immunity is the result of PRR-DAMPs interactions which launches the molecular and cellular reactions. Hence, it is possible to attribute the immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases to the category of systemic sterile autoinflammatory processes. Generalization of the pathophysiological effects of pro-inflammatory DAMPs and, accordingly, the systemic and multi-organ nature of tissue and internal organ damage in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases is due to the wide occurrence of receptors for “danger signals”. The most important place in the development of DAMP-mediated sterile inflammation is occupied by the phenomenon of cross-presentation and autophagy. The cross-presentation causes exposition of extracellular DAMPs from internalized proteins with MHC class I molecules to autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Autophagy provides processsing of intracellular peptide DAMPs, their loading onto MHC class II molecules with subsequent induction of adaptive immune response in CD4+T cell populations. The innate lymphoid cells (ILC) make an important contribution to these processes. The model of functional coupling and complementarity between ILCs and Th-CD4+T cells has expanded our understanding of immune regulation by extending the activity of innate and adaptive immunity to the level of maintaining tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, repair, regeneration and inflammation. Progression of systemic sterile inflammation may be a result of PRR-DAMP interactions of tissue ILCs followed by switching of ILC/Th-CD4+T cell partners. The data presented in this review define the promising molecular and cellular targets aiming for regulation and/or inhibition of sterile inflammation in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Bounded iteration for multiple box constraints on linear complementarity model predictive control and its application to vehicle steering control

Bounded iteration for multiple box constraints on linear complementarity model predictive control and its application to vehicle steering control

A Cyber Dimension to the Circular Economy – The Model of External Complementarity in Consumer Behaviour

A Cyber Dimension to the Circular Economy – The Model of External Complementarity in Consumer Behaviour

Understanding Heterogeneity in the Impact of Public Preschool Programs.

We examine the North Carolina Pre-K (NC Pre-K) program to test the hypothesis that observed variation in effects resulting from exposure to the program can be attributed to interactions with other environmental factors that occur before, during, or after the pre-k year. We examine student outcomes in 5th grade and test interaction effects between NC's level of investment in public pre-k and moderating factors. Our main sample includes the population of children born in North Carolina between 1987 and 2005 who later attended a public school in that state, had valid achievement data in 5th grade, and could be matched by administrative record review (n = 1,207,576; 58% White non-Hispanic, 29% Black non-Hispanic, 7% Hispanic, 6% multiracial and Other race/ethnicity). Analyses were based on a natural experiment leveraging variation in county-level funding for NC Pre-K across NC counties during each of the years the state scaled up the program. Exposure to NC Pre-K funding was defined as the per-4-year-old-child state allocation of funds to a county in a year. Regression models included child-level and county-level covariates and county and year fixed effects. Estimates indicate that a child's exposure to higher NC Pre-K funding was positively associated with that child's academic achievement 6 years later. We found no effect on special education placement or grade retention. NC Pre-K funding effects on achievement were positive for all subgroups tested, and statistically significant for most. However, they were larger for children exposed to more disadvantaged environments either before or after the pre-k experience, consistent with a compensatory model where pre-k provides a buffer against the adverse effects of prior negative environmental experiences and protection against the effects of future adverse experiences. In addition, the effect of NC Pre-K funding on achievement remained positive across most environments, supporting an additive effects model. In contrast, few findings supported a dynamic complementarity model. Instrumental variables analyses incorporating a child's NC Pre-K enrollment status indicate that program attendance increased average 5th grade achievement by approximately 20% of a standard deviation, and impacts were largest for children who were Hispanic or whose mothers had less than a high school education. Implications for the future of pre-k scale-up and developmental theory are discussed.

Cross-substance primed and cue-induced craving among alcohol and cannabis co-users: An experimental psychopharmacology approach.

Co-use of alcohol and cannabis is highly prevalent and often problematic. However, mechanisms underlying their co-use remain unclear. This randomized and crossover study tests cross-substance subjective craving for alcohol and cannabis. A community sample of nontreatment-seeking alcohol and cannabis co-users (N = 30 completers, 40% female) reporting high-risk levels of alcohol and cannabis use completed two experimental sessions in their homes and were monitored remotely using internet meeting technology (i.e., Zoom). The two counterbalanced and randomized sessions were as follows: (a) consumption of a standard alcoholic beverage followed by cannabis cue exposure and (b) consumption (i.e., smoking) of a miniature cannabis cigarette (containing 18%-22% tetrahydrocannabinol), followed by alcohol cue exposure. Participants rated their subjective craving for both alcohol and cannabis at baseline, following alcohol/cannabis administration, and following the presentation of cross-substance-related cues. Repeated measures analysis of variances revealed a statistically significant difference in cannabis craving across time, such that craving for cannabis was significantly higher following cannabis cue reactivity, compared to baseline and following alcohol administration (p's < .001). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in alcohol craving across time, such that craving for alcohol was significantly higher following alcohol cue reactivity, compared to baseline and following cannabis administration (p's < .001). Overall, results suggest that individuals who co-use alcohol and cannabis are most sensitive to the cue-induced, rather than the pharmacologically induced effects, of substance administration on cross-substance craving. This pattern of findings does not support a complementarity model. Conversely, these results may be interpreted as indicative of a substitution model for alcohol and cannabis co-use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Nonlinear Complementarity Model for Mixed-User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment and Mode Choice of Electric and Gasoline Vehicles

In the early years of 21st century, the ever-increasing volume of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel consumption have made humans seek alternative, non-polluting fuels as an effective strategy to reduce pollution and prevent related environmental issues. Electric vehicles (EVs) are today known as one of the most effective solutions for this purpose. To inform transportation planning and policies pertinent to EVs, models are needed to capture travelers’ behavior for vehicle type and route choice and the impacts on traffic congestion. The present study proposes a mixed complementarity traffic assignment model for the networks involving both EVs and gasoline vehicles so that the demand for each vehicle class depends on the characteristics of the paths and availability of electric charging stations on the paths. To determine the demand of each class, this study applies a logit choice model, which incorporates the effect of ownership and operating costs on demand of each class under different subsidy policies. This paper further investigates the charging behavior of EVs by considering private and public charging facilities in urban areas. To this end, the complementary traffic assignment algorithm has been used to solve the mentioned assignment problem. Besides, we used a label-setting algorithm for solving the constraint shortest path problem. The results of applying the mixed-user equilibrium to Sioux Falls and Chicago sketch networks demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms for both solution time and accuracy across multiple networks.

A complementarity‐based vapor‐liquid equilibrium formulation for equation‐oriented simulation and optimization

AbstractVapor‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) is a cornerstone of computer‐aided process engineering (CAPE). Embedded within process system models, VLE calculations are inherently procedural with non‐smooth behavior that frequently requires discrete decisions. Traditionally, these features resist the incorporation of VLE within efficient, large‐scale equation‐oriented (EO) process simulation and optimization strategies. On the other hand, recent reformulation of VLE models through the incorporation of complementarity constraints has broadened its scope to deal seamlessly with phase transitions and even supercritical excursions in process simulation and optimization. In this study, we extend these VLE complementarity models to EO frameworks where procedural thermodynamic property libraries are still required. Here we develop an efficient, non‐intrusive, and intuitive “square‐flash” equation system that has been implemented within the IDAES Integrated Platform (IDAES‐IP). The effectiveness of this modular approach is demonstrated on case studies for non‐ideal flash calculations and distillation optimization, with disappearing phases and supercritical transitions.

A Game Theory Based Retail Market Framework With DSO’s Operational Considerations

Within the distribution system operator (DSO) framework, there could be alternative arrangements to enable market participation by all entities, including the privately owned distributed energy resources (DERs). In many cases, the retailers and similar aggregating agencies facilitate this. Even before finalizing the modalities of the market at the distribution level, it is essential to know about the possible market outcome and its impact on the operational decisions of DSO and vice-versa. This paper presents a simulation framework and associated case studies, where the market outcome and DSO’s operational activities are carried out in tandem to establish a realistic and feasible outcome. The market model is represented by a non-cooperative game where an efficient and fair solution is obtained using Nash equilibrium. For this, multi-player power transaction problem (MPTP) is solved using complementarity modeling. The proposed MPTP is further compounded with network reconfiguration and loss considerations which are the part of DSO’s operations. The inclusion of reconfiguration and loss allocation to entities makes the outcome realistic and feasible one. The proposed simulation framework is implemented on various test cases with a heterogeneous set of participants to establish its effectiveness.

A complementarity model for a supply chain network equilibrium problem with electronic commerce

In this paper, we develop a competitive supply chain network equilibrium model with multiple products, in which electronic commerce is considered. After analysing equilibrium conditions of the manufactures, retailers, and demand markets, and giving economic interpretations, equilibrium conditions of the supply chain network formulated as an equivalent complementarity model are established. In addition, a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm is proposed to find the solution of the complementarity problem, and the convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. We also give some numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the given model and algorithm.