Compilation Of Tables Research Articles

ABOUT TRACK CIRCUIT CALCULATION METHOD DEPENDENT ON FERROMAGNET PROPERTIES IN CONDITIONS OF TRACTION CURRENT NOISE INFLUENCE

Purpose. The work is intended to investigate the electromagnetic processes in impedance bond in order to improve noise immunity of track circuits (TC) for safe railway operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modelling, experimental study, a large-scale simulation were used. Findings. The work examined the interference affecting the normal performance of track circuits. To a large extent, part of track circuit damages account for failures in track circuit equipment. Track circuit equipment is connected directly to the track line susceptible to traction current interference, which causes changes in its electrical characteristics and electromagnetic properties. Normal operability, performance of the main operating modes of the track circuit is determined by previous calculation of its performance and compilation of regulatory tables. The classical method for determination of track circuit parameters was analysed. The classical calculation method assumes representation of individual sections of the electrical track circuit using the quadripole network with known coefficients, usually in the A-form. Determining the coefficients of linear element circuit creates no metrological or mathematical difficulties. However, in circuits containing nonlinear ferromagnets (FM), obtaining the coefficients on the entire induction change range in the cores is quite a difficult task because the classical methods of idling (I) and short circuit (SC) are not acceptable. This leads to complicated methods for determining both the module and the arguments of quadripole network coefficients. Instead of the classical method, the work proposed the method for calculating the track circuit dependent on nonlinear properties of ferromagnets. Originality. The article examines a new approach to the calculation of TC taking into account the losses in ferromagnets (FM), without determination of equivalent circuit quadripole network coefficients. When building the FM reversal model in parallel magnetic fields, the most accurate methods are the approximation ones that take into account not only the changes in values and over time, but also their derivatives. The development of computer hardware and software makes real the mathematical methods for calculating TC with significant change in ferromagnetic inductance, including the saturation areas. Herewith, it is important to search for approximating analytical expression that describes the dynamic limit hysteresis loop (HL). Practical value. The changes in the electrical parameters of the same TC were analysed using the classical and the new calculation methods, the difference made less than 10%. The work introduced some measures to increase operational noise immunity of TC.

How do Writings in the Early Astral Sciences Reveal Mathematical Practices and Practitioners?

Predicting eclipses and planetary phenomena has always been a desideratum for the astral sciences,. Indeed, we might say that it was largely by inventing mathematical procedures for these tasks that sky watchers became astral scientists. When sources have been preserved that allow us to observe these procedures, we can often learn not only about early astronomical assumptions but also about the mathematical practices of the astronomers. Such practices might include the design of metrologies and units, types of numbers and their arithmetics (e.g., fractions, sexagesimals), computational techniques, or the use of accessories such as diagrams, instruments, or numerical tables. Consider, for example, the case of the armillary sphere, for centuries an emblem of mathematical astronomy. A great diversity of ancient and medieval sources describe this device and its uses. For example, official Chinese inventories of the holdings of particular astronomical institutions may discuss different kinds of ancient armillary spheres and their uses. Spheres can be described in versified Sanskrit treatises with commentaries, describing step-by-step the construction of the instrument and defining the astronomical meanings of its parts. Or advanced technical treatises may explore intricate cosmological and mathematical questions. Such a variety of sources can reveal a corresponding variety of mathematical practices linked to the armillary spheres and thus may constitute a methodological challenge for the historian seeking to understand the mathematical, astronomical or cultural significance of this instrument. Similarly, early astronomers were often confronted by the management of long, complex computations, performed individually or collectively, with serious political and social consequences in case of perceived mistakes or inaccuracies. Again, a great variety of computational practices are attested in the sources. For instance, manuscripts assembled over a few years by John Westwyk, a 14th-century monk at the St Albans monastery and Tynemouth priory shows its owner learning mathematical astronomy through the compilation of various tables and instruments that he progressively adapted for his own purposes and computational habits. A much more institutionalized type of source, addressing the same kind of issues, is the 'template table' of Ming China, a printed sheet offering a grid with blank spaces for writing in numbers. Officially prepared by the Astronomical Bureau, the templates were designed to record intermediate results of an eclipse calculation. Textual labels on the rows and columns guide the user at each step of the computation. Here we find a writing support that normalizes mathematical practices, removes uncertainty or variation, and presumably would allow less experienced practitioners to compute eclipses even if they did not understand the 'meaning' of the algorithmic steps. The Bureau's template sheets, like the manuscript of John Westwyk, enable us to explore mathematical practices, to learn more than we would simply by considering the 'theories' of the astral sciences. All of these instances as well as others are analyzed in this collection of papers.

Rank and File: Managing Individual Performance in University Research

League tables are a common way for various competitive sports to judge team quality and identify winners and are also making increasingly frequent appearances in higher education globally. In this paper, we argue that this compilation of league tables is a product of the global hegemony of market-driven systems of higher education in which universities compete with each other for declining resources and students-as-customers. We explore why and how such exercises shape and define conceptualisations of the relative strength of organisations, and what the consequences of this are likely to be. Our analysis is grounded in a conceptualisation of universities, particularly in the UK, as marketised, neoliberal institutions for which rankings are essential to organisational transformation. We provide empirical data to support our argument via an exploration of the UK Association of Business Schools’ Academic Journal Quality Guide.

Study on the Firing Table Compiling of a New Type of the Very Low Altitude Interception Device

The Firing Tables Compiling of a new type of the very low altitude interception device is studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of drag coefficient identification during the date processing of the Firing Tables experiment, and the theoretical trajectory correction, then according to the defects of the traditional methods for the Compilation of Firing Tables, a new method of determining the correction data is developed which replaces the simple data with the correction function. This method will reduce the error to an obvious degree.

Input-Output Tables: New Options of Economic Analysis

Problems of working out input-output tables and using them in economic analysis are considered. The experience of compilation of national and regional interindustry balances in the USSR and input-output tables in market economies is estimated. Features of compilation of input-output tables basing on the SNA methodology are specified. Examples of using input-output methods for analysis of actual economic problems are presented. Proposals on compilation of regional input-output tables are formulated.

Automated calculation of optimal cutting conditions for low-temperature steel

838 The effectiveness of production processes depends largely on the selected operating conditions. There fore, choosing the best cutting conditions offers scope for improving the overall profitability of manufactur ing production, without additional labor or material outlays. Improving the profitability of a manufacturing enterprise must begin with consideration of the machining operations and the selection of the best operating conditions, which ultimately determine the productivity and production costs. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop com puter software for optimization of the cutting condi tions at the design stage and corresponding maximiza tion of manufacturing efficiency, without additional labor or material outlays Accordingly, the REZNET system has been devel oped for the identification of optimal cutting condi tions in the design of a technological process on the basis of experimental data and multifactorial mathe matical models. A block diagram of the REZMET program is shown in the figure. This system is intended to produce recommenda tions that consist of independent sections for the basic types of machining (drilling, thread cutting by taps, end and face milling) for 10ГНБ low temperature steel blanks. In accordance with the block diagram, the system operates as follows. (1) Selection of the type of machining (drilling, thread cutting by taps, end and face milling). (2) Specification of the initial machining parame ters: dimensions of the machined surface (hole diam eter and depth; thread size and length; milling width and depth; supply); the machining conditions (tool material; type and state of blank; lubricant and coolant fluid); and the required tool life. (3) Determination of correction coefficients on the basis of the selected machining parameters. (4) Compilation of tables of optimal cutting condi tions to ensure the required tool life, with recommen dations regarding the machining conditions. (5) Selection of the tool required for optimal machining.

Appreciation of David Southgate

David Southgate will always be known for his work on the composition of foods and the compilation of food tables, and for his innovation in the field of dietary carbohydrate analysis, especially dietary fibre, in which he was the natural heir to McCance and Widdowson, with whom he worked in his early years.

The Gibbs phase rule: an experimental path for its recognition and application

This paper proposes a conceptual path about a theme which lies at the border between physics and chemistry, which, though usually neglected, is nowadays very important in materials science: the Gibbs phase rule. It is illustrated by means of significant measurements aimed at clarifying the concepts involved (i.e. phase and degree of freedom), at extracting the phase rule itself on a phenomenological basis, and applying it as an interpretative tool. The main steps suggested for an educational path are the following: elementary experiments and discussion for a glossary, measurements of the temperature as a function of heating or cooling time for mixtures with different compositions, experimental data observation in graphical form to recognize the indicators of the phase transitions which occur, compilation of tables of the quantities involved in the phase rule, and discussion and identification of the phase sequence during the processes.

Use Tables for Imported Goods and Valuation Matrices for Trade Margins—an Integrated Approach for the Compilation of the Belgian 1995Input–Output Tables

This paper describes the compilation of the use table for imported goods and thevaluation matrix of trade margins for Belgium in 1995. It introduces the methodologicalnovelty of integrating the compilation of both tables and systematically exploitingthe fact that large import and export flows do not generate trade margins. This isnotably the case for direct imports for intermediate consumption or investment bynon-traders, and direct exports by producers. For identifying these trade flows,extensive use was made of intrastat and extrastat data. The results are comparedwith those of a proportional distribution of imports and trade margins. Manystatistical offices resort to the latter approach because of a lack of survey data onthe destination of trade margins and imports. We demonstrate that the integratedapproach can improve the quality of both the import matrix and the valuationmatrix for trade margins, while using only existing data sources.

Use Tables for Imported Goods and Valuation Matrices for Trade Margins—an Integrated Approach for the Compilation of the Belgian 1995 Input–Output Tables

This paper describes the compilation of the use table for imported goods and the valuation matrix of trade margins for Belgium in 1995. It introduces the methodological novelty of integrating the compilation of both tables and systematically exploiting the fact that large import and export flows do not generate trade margins. This is notably the case for direct imports for intermediate consumption or investment by non-traders, and direct exports by producers. For identifying these trade flows, extensive use was made of intrastat and extrastat data. The results are compared with those of a proportional distribution of imports and trade margins. Many statistical offices resort to the latter approach because of a lack of survey data on the destination of trade margins and imports. We demonstrate that the integrated approach can improve the quality of both the import matrix and the valuation matrix for trade margins, while using only existing data sources.

Compilation of tables of surface deposition velocities for O3, NO2 and SO2 to a range of indoor surfaces

Abstract Surface deposition velocities of O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 were measured in chamber experiments at relative air humidity ranging from 0% to 90% and obtained from literature screening, for a range of material surfaces typically found indoors. The data were compiled in tables comprising 24 material classes and five values of relative air humidity for each gas. Interpolation between data points and extrapolation based on measurements on similar materials were used to fill in the tables where values from measurement were lacking. The tabulated values should be useful in estimating indoor concentrations of these gases when outdoor concentrations are known and there are no indoor sources.

The National Association of Base Ball Players, 1857-1870 (review)

While award-winning author Marshall Wright's latest contribution to baseball literature appears to be primarily a book of statistics, it is, in fact, an engaging examination of the game's early years that goes well beyond the orderly compilation and presentation of numerical tables. Readers interested in the early history of baseball will find it a valuable addition to their libraries.

韓国における産業連関表作成の概要

環太平洋地域では産業連関表の作成が盛んであり，こうした産業連関表を活用して分析を行う事例も増加しつつある。近年，ワールドカップの日韓共同開催も近づき，韓国経済への関心が高まりつつある。韓国経済の構造を詳細に分析しようとすれば，産業連関表の活用が不可欠であるが，韓国においてどのような産業連関表が作成されているのか，あるいはどのような手順で作成されているのかなどの実情は必すしも知られていない。今回，韓国において産業連関表の作成を担当している韓国銀行のChongguy KIM氏に，1995年表を中心として産業連関表の作成の概要と，それに基づく韓国経済の構造について紹介していただいた。以下，その詳細を眺めてみよう。

PPPによる韓日I-O表実質値データの構築

韓国銀行は，日本政府と同様，西暦で最後が0か5である年に関して詳細な産業連関表(1990年の場合内生部門数405) を作成し公表している。しかもその形式は日本政府のものとよく似ている。また固定価格の時系列接続産業連関表があること，雇用表等の付帯表が他の多くの国と比べれば比較的充実している点等でも日本と同様である。日韓の産業連関表は，日韓経済を研究している者に対してだけでなく産業連関表による国際経済比較の方法を研究しようとしている者に対しても格好の材料を提供してくれる。韓国経済は日本(あるいは中国)にとってお隣りの国であり密接な関係があるという意味で、重要であるというだけでなく，最近数十年間にわたって世界史の上でもまれに見る急速な発展をとげた非常に興味ある対象である。しかし一昨年(1997年)秋以来韓国経済は金融危機に陥り，困難な状況は現在も続いている。このような状況下において韓国の経済統計データを十分に吟味しいろいろ工夫して使用し，韓国経済の実態を深く正確に把握することがますます求められている。本稿はそのような研究に役立つことを目指した基礎作業の1つとして，韓国銀行『1990年産業連関表(I)』 III 付属表部門別供給額表拡び日本総務庁「平成2年産業連関表計数編(1)』第2部部門別品目別国内生産額表を使用して，産業部門別1990年日本韓国購買力平価(PPP=Purchasing Power Parities)を推計し，それを使って韓国産業連関表を日本価格実質表示に変換したデータを提供する。

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: MARINE POLLUTION

Review by Kenneth L. Carriveau, Jr. Government Documents/Agriculture Librarian, Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Library, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923. USA. TEL: 671-734-9144/9403. Gorman, Martha. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: MARINE POLLUTION. (Contemporary World Issues series). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1993. xiii, 252 pp. US$39.50 ISBN: 0-87436-641-0. Acid-free paper. The ocean covers approximately 70% of the earth's total surface area and accounts for almost 97% of the total water in the environment. It is also home to a great variety of marine life whose populations may number in the trillions. Given its sheer enormity of size and diversity of life, it is not surprising that humankind has taken the ocean for granted until earlier this century. It is difficult to believe that something so massive and seemingly resilient can really be adversely affected by our activities. Gorman's MARINE POLLUTION serves as an excellent reminder that the relationship between humans and the earth is more complex than previously thought and that small actions today may have far reaching consequences in the future. Similar in format to earlier volumes of the Contemporary World Issues series, Gorman opens her work with a broad introduction to the basic issues of marine environmental studies: (1) description and definition of the six major categories of marine pollutants, (2) a brief history of human activities having significant effects on the physical condition of the ocean and/or socio-political attitudes towards the ocean, (3) brief biographical sketches of relevant historical figures, (4) citations for U.S. and international legal documents concerned with the marine environment, and (5) compilation of statistical facts, figures and tables. This narrative is not as eloquent as the journalistic style employed by Anne W. Simon in NEPTUNE'S REVENGE (Franklin Watts, 1984) nor as detailed a scientific analysis as Sebastian A. Gerlach's MARINE POLLUTION (Springer-Verlag, 1981); however, this does not mean that her presentation is without merit. Gorman expresses rather complex issues succinctly and in such a manner that an educated layperson who is interested in learning more about the plight of the world marine environment will find a wealth of introductory information at his/her fingertips. The novice environmentalist will also find the directory of international marine environmental organizations and bibliographies of print and non-print resources particularly helpful. Though this book focuses only on U.S. marine coastal areas and estuaries, readers from around the world will find that the issues discussed here apply in their countries as well. Recommended for public, four-year college, and undergraduate level university libraries.

PPPによる中国と日本産業連関表実質値データの構築

多国間経済を国際比較する際に，為替レートで1つの貨幣単位に統一して比較を行うことが多い。しかし，為替レートにより換算された集計量の国際比較は実質的に経済規模・経済水準の国際比較になっているかどうかが問題である。とくに，為替レートが激しく変化し，それ自身が政策の手段の１つにもなっている今日では，この方式による比較には問題大きいといえる。また，それぞれの国の各生産物間の価格比は多くの要因によって形成され，そのありかたは産業ごとにかなり異なっていると考えられる。産業連関表を利用する際に，各産業部門に同ーのレートを使用すると，各財貨・サービスの相対価格の相違を無視することとなり，各部門の技術的投入構造を正確に国際比較することにならないことがある。中国経済と日本経済を比較研究する際には，この２つの面の問題はともに深刻である。経済が立ち後れている国の使用貨幣は，先進国と比較して相対的に過小評価される場合が多い。現在の中国の元はまさにこういう状態におかれている。また，生産物間の価格比についても，集権計画経済の後遺症がまだ残されている。一方，日本の価格体系にも国際的にみて一種の特殊性が存在しているかと考えられる。ここで，購買力平価を用いて，中国と日本の産業連関表を再編成することによって，両国間の絶対価格水準及び、各生産物間(各産業部門間)の相対価格比の差をなくし，物量ベースでより正確に両国の比較分析が実現できるような実質値データの作成を試みる。

Input-Output Relationships in the Slovene Economy in 1986

Combining statistical data on the cost structures of different industries with data on the uses of particular product groups in an interlocking grid which embraces the whole economy, a grid called an input-output table has been proven to be one of the most effective means of portraying an economy. It presents a detailed and consistent view of its specific production structure as one of the keys to its performance, and it offers rich analytical potential for exploring the features and responsiveness of an economy, using means ranging from simple ratios all the way to complex mathematical models. Input-output tables have been produced for almost all countries of the world, and for many regions as well. The compilation of tables for regions is a more complex undertaking, due to the scarcity of data, and a rich literature has evolved with respect to their compilation using approximate, non-survey methods. The main aim of this article is to present to the reader who is interested in features of the Slovene economy some results and some implicit relationships that can be derived from the most recent input-output table for Slovenia. For its meaning to be properly understood two preliminary sections are however needed. The first section, describing the layout and contents of a table of this kind, will be of use not only to the general reader who is not acquainted with input-output principles but also to readers familiar with the general principles but not with the specific table format used for regional economies in Socialist countries. The second section, describing the specific procedure used in the statistical approximations for the table for Slovenia for the calendar year 1986, will give the reader some feeling for the difficulties involved and for the quality of the data. The presentation of the table itself will necessarily be of a very summary kind. It will be supplemented with a short commentary on the conditions which would allow a better descriptive use of the table. Finally, in the last section, some words on the present and potential use of the input-output table for Slovenia will probably be of interest.

A numerical taxonomic study of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli classified as Bacteroides ureolyticus isolated from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis.

A numerical taxonomic study of 64 strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis, two unclassified laboratory strains of 'corroding bacilli', and 12 other strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including nine received as anaerobic curved rods and three as 'Bacteroides corrodens' (B. ureolyticus), isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, was undertaken. Seventeen reference anaerobic strains belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Mobiluncus, Mitsuokella and Wolinella were included. Morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics were examined in 103 tests. The resemblance between the 95 strains was calculated using the SSM, SJ and DP coefficients for cluster analyses based on the UPGMA method. All three approaches gave similar groupings, and the estimated average probability of test error was 2.46%. The strains fell into 10 phenons. The unclassified strains from men and three from women with lower genital-tract infections, and the laboratory strains of 'corroding bacilli' clustered in one phenon with the reference strains of B. ureolyticus, indicating that they correspond to B. ureolyticus. The other unclassified strains of anaerobic curved rods clustered as a distinct phenon. They correspond to species of the newly described genus Mobiluncus. The taxonomic data and the compilation of diagnostic tables serve as a useful guide for the laboratory identification of clinical isolates regarded as B. ureolyticus.

Beyond the planets: early nineteenth-century studies of double stars

In 1837 the German-born astronomer F. G. W. Struve published his famous catalogue of double stars. For Struve this was the culmination of 12 years' detailed observation of a class of celestial objects lying exclusively beyond the solar system; for historians of astronomy it poses the problem of explaining why the study of double stars became a significant part of astronomical endeavour, as it did, during the 1820s and 1830s. For, although Struve's interest was extreme, it was shared to a lesser extent by several eminent contemporaries, including John Herschel, Friedrich Bessel, Johann Encke, James South and Félix Savary. Their combined efforts represented an important transition in astronomy: for the first time one of the emphases of the subject moved beyond the solar system to the so-called fixed stars. The question of the emergence of interest in double stars is of historical significance, therefore, as it is related to the problem of the origins of ‘stellar astronomy’. This essay is thus intended to offer an explanation of astronomers' interest in double stars, and to tackle the related question of whether this transition constituted a major break in the history of astronomy. Furthermore it is proposed that answers to these problems may be found by considering the practice of astronomy dominant during the first half of the nineteenth century. Astronomers in this period were overwhelmingly concerned with a refined form of positional astronomy. The problems they chose to solve were by and large related to the difficulties of the accurate reduction of observational data, and the compilation of reliable tables and star charts, which were then used as a background against which the motions of solar system objects were plotted. By assessing individuals' studies of double stars within this context it can be seen firstly that such studies were no more or less than specific examples of a general case, and secondly that the stars themselves were not usually of intrinsic interest. In general it was the positions of the stars on the

Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600-1775: A Handbook

The handbook explains how money and exchange functioned as elements of the American economy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; it also provides sufficient technical and statistical information to allow the reader to convert a sum recorded in one currency into its equivalent in another. McCusker combines this with a compilation of exhaustive tables that give the commercial rate of exchange between London and the major cities of Europe and the British colonies.