Competitive Sector Research Articles

An AHP parsimonious based approach to handle manufacturing errors in production processes

This paper introduces a new hybrid tool to classify manufacturing errors in production processes. Our tool is a hybrid procedure based on the combination of the parsimonious AHP method with a clustering method. Parsimonious AHP permits to use a much smaller number of pairwise comparisons with respect to classical-AHP. At the same time, the use of a clustering method, allows for the assignment of the alternatives on the basis of their closeness to each other and not on the basis of some reference profiles as happens in several other methods. Furthermore, some veto systems help the decision maker to better define how the errors belong to different classes in a participative way. The approach has been tested in a largest automotive plants in Italy. This approach has provided the company with a participative and robust theoretically funded tool that supports the understanding of the seriousness of the manufacturing errors. From a methodological point of view, the hybrid tools, for the first time, combine the newly developed parsimonious AHP with a clustering method. From a practical point of view, this paper has introduced a new tool to classify and improve the production quality of the processes to an extremely competitive sector.

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATION COMPLEX AS A STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF THE TOURISM ECONOMY IN THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article examines the importance of developing and effectively managing the tourist and recreational complex as a strategic direction in the tourism economy, considering the principles of sustainable development. The factors influencing the successful implementation of this strategy were analyzed, in particular, infrastructure, tourism potential, socio-cultural context and environmental aspects. The management principles of the tourist and recreational complex were studied, and critical strategic approaches to ensuring sustainable development were determined. Based on the received data, recommendations are proposed to ensure the increase in competitiveness and profitability of the tourism sector based on preserving environmental sustainability and cultural heritage. The importance of careful planning, coordination, and functional cooperation of all interested parties to successfully develop the tourism and recreation complex in the context of sustainable development has been proven.

Analysis of Industrial Sector Competitiveness of Pakistan: An Application of Panzar-Rosse (PR-H) Statistic

This study utilizes the Panzar-Rosse (1978) PR-H Statistics framework to examine the competitiveness of Pakistan's industrial sector. Leveraging data from the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) covering the period from 2007 to 2020 and focusing on insights from the 200 largest listed companies, our study sheds light on the complex market dynamics and competitive forces at play in the sector. By applying the Panzar-Rosse PH Statistic, we aim to demonstrate the presence of a competitive market structure that helps mitigate monopolistic tendencies. Our analysis, while managing endogeneity and employing the Generalized Method of Moments, reveals that the industrial sector in Pakistan is characterized by significant market dynamics that influence business behavior and performance. Despite this, the results of the PR-H Statistics suggest a relatively competitive market environment prevailing in Pakistan's industrial sector. However, there are indications of non-competitive behaviors attributed to weak institutional quality and the overall economic conditions of the country. Additionally, tendencies of weak and imperfect market structures are prevalent, compounded by undocumented and informal economic activities. Through this investigation, we aim to deepen understanding of the competitive landscape in Pakistan's industrial sector and its implications for industrial agents. By highlighting the challenges posed by non-competitive behaviors and weak market structures, our study offers valuable insights into the broader economic ecosystem of Pakistan.

Simulation techniques in industrial engineering: A USA and African perspective review

Simulation techniques play a crucial role in the field of Industrial Engineering, offering a powerful means to model, analyze, and optimize complex systems. This paper provides an overview of the state of simulation techniques in Industrial Engineering, with a focus on a comparative review of their application in the USA and Africa. In the United States, simulation has become an integral part of industrial processes, aiding in the design and improvement of manufacturing systems, supply chains, and logistics. Advanced simulation tools enable engineers to simulate real-world scenarios, evaluate performance, and identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies. The USA's emphasis on technology and innovation has resulted in the widespread adoption of simulation techniques, contributing to increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and overall competitiveness in industrial sectors. On the other hand, the African perspective reveals a diverse landscape with unique challenges and opportunities. While certain regions in Africa are rapidly advancing in industrialization, others face infrastructure limitations and economic constraints. The use of simulation techniques in African industrial engineering is gaining traction, albeit at a different pace. Localized applications focus on optimizing resource utilization, enhancing production processes, and addressing specific challenges related to the African context. The review highlights the potential for knowledge transfer and collaboration between the USA and Africa in the realm of simulation techniques. Bridging the gap through information exchange, training programs, and technology transfer can contribute to the development of sustainable and resilient industrial practices in Africa. Challenges such as data availability, infrastructure limitations, and skill development are addressed, offering insights into how these obstacles can be overcome to facilitate the effective implementation of simulation techniques in the African industrial landscape. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of simulation techniques in Industrial Engineering, examining the disparities and commonalities between the USA and Africa. By understanding the current state and challenges faced by both perspectives, this review sets the stage for collaborative efforts that can propel the industrial engineering field forward on a global scale.

Bioenergy and Biopesticides Production in Serbia—Could Invasive Alien Species Contribute to Sustainability?

The critical role of energy in contemporary life and the environmental challenges associated with its production imply the need for research and exploration of its novel resources. The present review paper emphasizes the continuous exploitation of non-renewable energy sources, suggesting the transition toward renewable energy sources, termed ‘green energy’, as a crucial step for sustainable development. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of articles, statistical data analysis, and examination of databases. The main focus is biomass, a valuable resource for bioenergy and biopesticide production, highlighting not only its traditional diverse sources, such as agricultural waste and industrial residues, but also non-edible invasive alien plant species. This study explores the utilization of invasive alien species in circular economy practices, considering their role in bioenergy and biopesticide production. The potential conflict between bioproduct acquisition and food sector competition is discussed, along with the need for a shift in approaching non-edible biomass sources. The paper emphasizes the untapped potential of under-explored biomass resources and the necessity for policy alignment and public awareness. Species with a significant potential for these sustainable strategies include Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altisima (Mill.) Swingle., Amorpha fruticosa L., Elaengus angustifolia L., Falopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr., Hibiscus syriacus L., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Paulownia tomentosa Siebold and Zucc., Partenocissus quenquefolia (L.) Planch., Rhus typhina L., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Thuja orientalis L. In conclusion, the paper highlights the intertwined relationship between energy, environmental sustainability, and circular economy principles, providing insights into Serbia’s efforts and potential in adopting nature-based solutions for bioenergy and biopesticides acquisition.

Impact of fintech on the Pakistani banking sector

In the early stages, Fintech was introduced in the banking sector in Pakistan, and it enhanced banking activities from traditional to digital. Fintech is the fusion of two terminologies, Finance and Technology. It includes the use of technological advancement to deliver financial products and services to people. This research aims to investigate and analyze the impact of Fintech adoption on the competitiveness and performance of the Pakistani banking sector. The research is based on quantitative methods and analyzed using SPSS software; we used the convenience sampling method to collect responses from 90 participants. This study uses a regression analysis model as a benchmark to analyze the data received from the questionnaire. The results suggest that Fintech adoption had a significant positive impact on the competitiveness and performance of the Pakistani banking sector. Adopting Fintech properly and lining up with technology can also improve the performance of a bank. This study allows for a more in-depth understanding of the impact of FinTech on banks.

Value chains of selected products as elements of sustainability of agricultural production

The value chain concept is often used in the analysis of agricultural competitiveness. Its application seeks ways and activities that add value to products. The focus is on finding opportunities for efficient monitoring of modern trends, challenges and business risk assessment in order to sustainably produce processing and marketing of agri-food products. The production of fruits and vegetables by small producers is characterized by short chains from production to product placement, without adding value. There are numerous critical points in the analyzed chains, such as quality of input, processing, drying and storage of products, lack of training and financial resources for storage and preservation of products after harvest. The link between primary production and the processing industry should ensure stability for primary producers in terms of the market, and entities in the processing industry for continuity in the supply of raw materials of domestic origin. In order to improve product value chains, and thus the competitiveness of the national agri-food sector, it is necessary to improve productivity in primary production, horizontal and vertical integration, as well as additional investments in processing capacities. The key areas in the legislation and its implementation in order to improve the value chain of livestock products are: animal husbandry, hygiene on farms and in meat processing plants, as well as environmental protection. These are some of the priorities that should create the conditions for the possibility of exporting live animals, meat and meat products to the EU. Improving the milk value chain would contribute to better efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of production, milk quality, especially in microbiological terms (reduction of the number of bacteria and somatic cells). Conditions should be created for the adoption of good agricultural practice, adaptation to market requirements, reaching standards in the field of animal welfare and health, improving the genetic potential of animals for milk production, hygiene and environmental protection. Quality is an important factor in competitiveness and sustainable agricultural production. As the main elements of the quality management system and adding value to products, the appropriate standards are applied: ISO 9000, HACCP, GMP, ISO 22000, ISO 14000, HALAL standard, Kosher standard, BRC standard, GOST-R standard, Demeter, GLOBAL GAP, IFS standard . In order to overcome and solve environmental problems of agricultural development, more and more importance is attached to the application of animal protection policy measures. Domestic and international standards and regulations for environmental management ISO 14001 are applied, including the EU Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Genetic potentials and biological diversification are important for the development and sustainability of agricultural production. The richness of flora and fauna, genetic resources and great biological diversity constitute natural comparative advantages in every respect, especially for sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection.

AI regulation in the European Union: examining non-state actor preferences

AbstractAs the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to grow, policymakers are increasingly grappling with the question of how to regulate this technology. The most far-reaching international initiative is the European Union (EU) AI Act, which aims to establish the first comprehensive, binding framework for regulating AI. In this article, we offer the first systematic analysis of non-state actor preferences toward international regulation of AI, focusing on the case of the EU AI Act. Theoretically, we develop an argument about the regulatory preferences of business actors and other non-state actors under varying conditions of AI sector competitiveness. Empirically, we test these expectations using data from public consultations on European AI regulation. Our findings are threefold. First, all types of non-state actors express concerns about AI and support regulation in some form. Second, there are nonetheless significant differences across actor types, with business actors being less concerned about the downsides of AI and more in favor of lax regulation than other non-state actors. Third, these differences are more pronounced in countries with stronger commercial AI sectors. Our findings shed new light on non-state actor preferences toward AI regulation and point to challenges for policymakers balancing competing interests in society.

How does technological readiness, among other factors, influence the dynamics of agricultural exports from Vietnam to major EU trading partners?

The agricultural sector plays a significant role in Vietnam's economy, contributing to food security, employment, and export revenues. The European Union (EU) has emerged as a promising market for Vietnam's agricultural exports in recent years. However, Vietnam must embrace technological advancements in the agricultural sector to penetrate and succeed in the highly competitive and regulated EU market. Despite the evidence supporting the positive impact of technology adoption on agricultural exports, there is a research gap regarding the specific role of technological readiness in promoting Vietnam's agricultural exports to the EU. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the relationship between technological readiness and Vietnam's agricultural exports to the EU market. The findings can provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to formulate strategies that enhance the competitiveness of Vietnam's agricultural sector and increase exports to the EU market.

Teaching schools to compete: the case of Swedish upper secondary education

Abstract Significant efforts have been made to promote competition in public service sectors, expanding the reach of competition into non-economic fields. Surprisingly little is, however, known about the process by which competition is introduced into such settings. We examine this process, focusing on a Swedish municipality’s efforts to implement competition for students among its schools. By incorporating recent theoretical advancements regarding competition as an organized relationship, and utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, we shed light on the organizational efforts undertaken by politicians and bureaucrats to teach their schools to compete. We find that introducing competition can be complex, time-consuming and that it requires substantial organizational commitment. We highlight the existence of varying perceptions of competition among different stakeholders following its introduction. These findings suggest the need for future research that addresses questions about the costs of, and interests behind, introducing competition, as well as questions about responsibility for the subsequent effects of competition.

Competition analysis of automobiles and light commercial segment between 1990 and 2014

This paper reviews the concept of market structure in oligopoly and concentration indicators CR(4) and HH, and verifies the changes in the concentration and competition of the automotive and light commercial market between 1990 and 2014. In 1990, the CR(4) that represents the participation of the four largest firms that was 98.8% becomes 95.1% at the end of 1996, and the HH index that varies between 1/n and 1, being 1 monopoly situation dominated by a company and without competition and 1/n varying the competition as more companies enter the sector, it goes from 0.2951 in 90 to 0.2756 in 96, pointing out the sector as concentrated and competitive, characteristic of oligopoly. These indicators continue to change in the following years and in 2014 the CR(4) is 64.9% and the HH index measures 0.1700, showing that the sector is less concentrated and more competitive. The review addresses the market characteristics in the oligopoly whether or not it´s concentrated and competitive in Brazil from 1990 to 2014 divided into two periods, the first from 90 to 96 and the second from 97 to 2014. The characteristic of the car and light commercial market in the first period indicates for a sector with the characteristic of a very concentrated and competitive oligopoly. For the second period analyzed, a much less concentrated and more competitive sector.

Redefining Malaysia's printing landscape: insights from Porter's CAN Model

Malaysia's burgeoning printing industry, while showcasing potential, grapples with challenges that constrain its growth and global reach, underscoring the need for a deep and structured assessment. This pivotal study is designed to unpack the competitiveness of the Malaysian printing sector within the vast expanse of the global market, with a spotlight on the commercial printing segment. It revolves around the central inquiry: "Which critical factors mold the competitiveness of Malaysia's printing industry, and how can insights from Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations (CAN) model illuminate them?" Anchored in the renowned Porter's CAN model, the research undertakes a multifaceted analysis of industry pillars, including intricate demand patterns, supply chain dynamics, prevailing competition, and the overarching influence of government directives. Data, meticulously sourced from 2015-2019 through national agencies and global institutions, forms the bedrock of this systemic examination. The study reveals that Malaysia stands fortified by assets like adept labor, contemporary infrastructure, and cost-effective energy provisions. Yet, it's not devoid of challenges, notably, the lag in embracing cuttingedge production tech and the absence of razor-sharp competitive strategies. However, the surge in both domestic and international demand sketches a promising trajectory. Beyond validating the robustness of the CAN model, the study weaves a tapestry of insights for industry stakeholders. It underscores the pivotal role of agile government interventions and the pressing mandate to integrate digital innovations. The findings beckon a targeted strategy to navigate and neutralize identified pitfalls, amplifying the industry's global resonance. While the study carves a panoramic landscape, its primary reliance on secondary datasets is its Achilles' heel. Still, it emerges as an invaluable compass for industry stakeholders, directing strategic investments and policy recalibrations to elevate the global stature of Malaysia's printing industry.

Improving the Importance of a Smart city in Achieving a Sustainable Tourism sector

The terms "smart city" and "smart tourism" are now very popular and have become a topical issue. The purpose of the study is to review the latest literature on "smart cities" and "smart tourism" and analyze their role in achieving a sustainable tourism sector, increasing the competitiveness of the tourism sector in a modern way. In addition, to determine the ways of growth and development of tourism in the city through the creation and use of "smart cities". As a result of this study, it was determined that although there is a close connection between "smart city" and "smart tourism", "Smart city" plays a crucial role in the growth and development of tourist destinations. A smart city is the result of interconnections of tourist complexes. In the article, there are proposals to use the principles of "smart tourist cities" in the city of Turkestan. By using the principles of a smart tourist city, the way to form the brand of the city of Turkestan will be opened. The article uses statistical and survey methods. The answers to the survey were entered into the SPSS 22 program, and the normative test results and factor analysis were made regarding the variable elements for creating a smart city.

MEASURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TÜRKİYE'S INDUSTRIES AGAINST THE EUROPEAN UNION ACCORDING TO THE TECHNOLOGY INTENSITY: AN EVALUATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CUSTOMS UNION REVISION

Identifying the industries with competitive power and knowing their places in the world market regarding proper policy implementations is essential. This paper aims to determine the normalized competition levels of Türkiye against the European Union (EU) countries in the context of industries with different technology intensities and to evaluate these industries within the scope of the planned Customs Union revision. For this purpose, firstly, the static comparison of Ballassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) index is calculated for 1990-2021. After, the dynamic comparison of Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index is calculated for 1990-2021. Analysis was made by considering the temporal comparison variation of NRCA. According to the research findings, the Customs Union adversely affects competitiveness in low and medium-low technology sectors where Türkiye is competitive. The results show the importance and necessity of the Customs Union revision.

Organization of a supply chain as a way to improve the quality of technical maintenance and repair of equipment in the agro-industrial complex

In modern conditions of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural sectors, an important place is occupied by effective management of the process of maintenance and repair of machinery. The effectiveness of actions in this area is determined by the change in the nature of the processes taking place in agricultural commodity production, in connection with the redistribution of the material and technical base, the organization of work and the reorganization of the management structure. In this paper, the ways of improving the quality management process of maintenance and repair of equipment in the agro-industrial complex by organizing a supply chain are considered.

Analytic Network Process Method On Factors Affecting Increasing The Competitiveness Of The Automotive Industry Sector In Promoting Sustainable Economic Growth In Indonesia

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the growth of the automotive industry sector such as automotive exports, automotive imports, Logistics Performance Index (LPI), monetary policy (rupiah exchange rate), fiscal policy (tax ratio), Total Factor Productivity (TFP ), Inflation, Infrastructure and Automotive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), on the competitiveness of the automotive industry sector and its implications for economic growth which affects labor absorption, the level of social welfare and people's purchasing power. The research method used is a quantitative data research method with the analytical network process (ANP) method where this method is used to determine the criteria and alternative priority weight values and the results are carried out ranking in determining the influencing factors in this research. The research results show that the factors that influence the competitiveness of the automotive industry sector) and their implications for economic growth affect labor absorption, the level of social welfare and people's purchasing power. So it is concluded that increasing the competitiveness of the automotive industry sector will be able to encourage sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

Evaluation of the Effect of an Olive Phenolic Extract on the Secondary Shelf Life of a Fresh Pesto.

Recent advances in the olive oil sector aim to develop sustainable strategies for the valorisation of mechanical extraction co-products as a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In this work, we studied the effectiveness of a phenolic extract (PE) from olive vegetation water (OVW) as a new antioxidant of natural origin for improving the quality and extending the secondary shelf life (SSL) of a fresh basil pesto sold as a served loose product at the deli counter, simulating the storage conditions after packaging, opening, and serving. For that, the PE was mixed with the oily phase of fresh pesto in two different concentrations and compared to a control pesto (CTRL) made with the addition of common additives (ascorbic acid (E300) and sorbic acid (E200)). The physicochemical parameters, phenolic and volatile composition, sensory profiles, and antioxidant capacity of the experimental pesto samples were evaluated after opening. The results proved that the enrichment with the PE improved the stability of the pesto and, hence, its overall quality. The PE provided higher protection than the CTRL against primary and secondary oxidation at both concentrations tested and delayed the accumulation of the volatile compounds responsible for the 'rancid' off-flavour up to 7 days after first opening, while also preserving higher levels of the pesto phytonutrients (such as the rosmarinic, caffeic, and chicoric acids and α-tocopherol). These results show that the generation of food waste in households, catering chains, retail, and/or restaurants can be reduced, improving the sustainability of the food industry and the competitiveness of the olive oil sector.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the research is to reveal the role of Kazakhstan's import substitution policy in choosing the economic trajectory of economic development from the standpoint of its decarbonization and expansion of international cooperation.Methodology: the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the methods of systemic and structural analysis, which allow studying the essence of the import substitution policy and identifying the degree of its impact on the economy of Kazakhstan. characterizing the policy of import substitution.The originality / value of the research lies in the rationale for accelerating the adaptation of the institutional framework to new realities, which will provide support for priority sectors of the economy as leaders of the new technological order.Findings – the structural constraints of the economy are identifi ed, which must be taken into account when implementing the import substitution policy. The most problematic sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan are identifi ed in terms of dependence on import supplies. The priority directions of the import substitution policy are formulated in the context of growing geopolitical risks and the transformation of global value chains. The key aspects of the transformation of the real sector of the economy of Kazakhstan, which has the potential to reduce import dependence and increase the attractiveness of foreign investors, are highlighted. The role of digital solutions in the implementation of the import substitution policy is substantiated.The practical signifi cance of the study. Kazakhstan adapts the accumulated world experience in the formation of import substitution policy. The example of Kazakhstan can be useful for countries with economies in transition, seeking to increase self-suffi ciency and competitiveness of the real sector of the economy, expanding their presence in international markets.

Evaluation of Compensation Policies and Their Impact on Employee Retention in the Food Industry

This research study explores the evaluation of compensation policies and their impact on employee retention in the food industry. Employee retention is a critical concern for businesses operating in this highly competitive sector. The study aims to understand the relationship between compensation policies and employee retention, providing insights into the strategies that can be implemented to attract and retain skilled employees. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, industry reports, and case studies to gather relevant data on compensation policies and their impact on employee retention in the food industry. The findings highlight the significant factors that influence employee retention and the effectiveness of compensation policies in addressing these factors. The study reveals that fair and competitive compensation packages play a vital role in attracting and retaining skilled employees in the food industry. When employees feel adequately rewarded for their contributions, they are more likely to stay with the organization. Regular market analysis and benchmarking are crucial to ensure that compensation policies remain competitive and aligned with industry standards. Performance-based incentives, such as bonuses and recognition programs, are found to have a positive impact on employee motivation and retention. By rewarding high-performing employees, organizations foster a culture of excellence and encourage continuous improvement. Additionally, offering comprehensive benefits and perks, including healthcare plans, flexible work arrangements, and professional development opportunities, is instrumental in enhancing job satisfaction and promoting employee retention.

Evaluation of the profitability and competitiveness of sugarcane production in Ivory Coast using Pearson and Monke's Policy Analysis Matrix (1987)

In Ivory Coast, sugarcane production is one of the main income-generating activities in rural areas. In recent years, the sugar sector has been booming due to strong demand on the national and international markets. This study therefore aims to assess the profitability and competitiveness of the Ivorian sugar sector. Primary and secondary data have been analysed using Pearson and Monke's (1987) Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results show that the production link in the sugarcane chain is financially and economically profitable. It is also competitive and has a comparative advantage, despite the distortions. However, producers are poorly protected. Agricultural policy measures aimed at increasing yields per hectare and improving incomes would therefore be beneficial for sugarcane growers.