Competitive Type Research Articles

Подготовка переводчиков к Армейским международным играм

This study considers the process of training of language support specialists for International Army Games (IAG) as well as its problems. General information on IAG (history, fields, geography, organisational structure, etc.) is given with its correlation to the language support tasks. In connection with the annually increasing interest in this type of competition (17 participating countries in 2015 and 32 in 2020) and, accordingly, increasing needs for interpreters, justifies the relevance of this study. Specific IAG situations where translation is being carried out are given. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the low degree of coverage of the topic and the lack of a centralized algorithm for the preparation of interpreters for this international event. Considering the nature of the linguistic tasks performed during the preparation and conduct of the IAG, the basic requirements to the specialists being sent are formed. The experience of participation as an interpreter at the IAG is presented and analyzed, the problematic issues in terms of linguistic training and background knowledge are pointed out. A comparison of the two methods of training interpreters involved in the IAG, the main advantages and disadvantages of each of the two methods is given. As a result of the above-mentioned analysis a list of recommendations on the preparation of specialists in linguistic support for IAG is formed, taking into account the specific situations in which the translation is carried out. A conclusion about the further development of this direction and the ways of solving the indicated problems is made.

Essence of the company's profit

In the paper presents various points of view regarding the essence of profit. In particular, special attention is paid to the sources of its formation, according to various scientists. The essence of profit in the context of various types of competition is stated. The theory of the essence of profit is considered from the point of view of the Theory of monopolistic competition by E. Chamberlin. The point of view is expressed that the modern Western theory of profit is characterized by electivity, the presence of very different ideas about its economic content.Integrity is noted only in relation to the interpretation of the social essence of profit –in denying its exploitative nature and recognizing it as a legitimate, “natural” form of income.

Auction Design with Ambiguity: Optimality of the First-Price and All-Pay Auctions

We study the optimal auction design problem when bidders' preferences follow the maxmin expected utility model. We suppose that each bidder's set of priors consists of beliefs close to the seller's belief, where closeness is defined by a divergence. For a given allocation rule, we identify a class of optimal transfer candidates, named the win-lose dependent transfers, with the following property: each type of bidder's transfer conditional on winning or losing is independent of the competitor's type report. Our result reduces the infinite-dimensional optimal transfer problem to a two-dimensional optimization problem. By solving the reduced problem, we find that: (i) among efficient mechanisms with no premiums for losers, the first-price auction is optimal; and, (ii) among efficient winner-favored mechanisms where each bidder pays smaller amounts when she wins than loses: the all-pay auction is optimal. Under a simplifying assumption, these two auctions remain optimal under the endogenous allocation rule.

An Open Source System for Crowd Sourcing an African Language Short Story Corpus

Many African languages are under resourced in having open access corpora for use in developing technological applications such as grammar checkers, spell checkers, speech to text, text to speech and machine translation tools. This may lead to a decline in all cultural traits associated with the peoples that speak these languages. To enable collection of textual corpora and long term preservation of positive cultural characteristics, the design considerations and implementation of an open source online short story competition collection and evaluation system are described. The system is written in PHP and can be relatively cheaply deployed on shared hosting servers available from many African hosting providers. This allows for the possibility of a decentralized collection of stories, as well as adaptation and improvements of the software to different types of short story competitions. The software has been used for two short story competitions across the African continent with the aim of providing stories suitable for children. Holding the competition online has enabled participation from a wide variety of locations, but most of the submissions have came from African countries with relatively good information technology infrastructure. Preparation for a third competition is in progress.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ: РОЛЬ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The article covers certain aspects of artificial intelligence in international relations. The study aims at identifying the role and key dimensions of AI research and application in international relations. The results of the study reveal paradigmatic differences in the approaches to the research of AI in international relations. Research dimensions include international security and the new types of conflicts, technological competition and sustainable development, ethics and human rights. As far as the application of AI in foreign policy is concerned, the expert discourse was analyzed and three utilitarian functions of AI were identified: 1) AI as a diplomatic tool; 2) AI as a topic for negotiations; 3) AI as a factor of the changes in the international environment. Thus, AI is one of the key technologies for the next decade with the potential to become a core factor in the redistribution of power in the international system. As part of international relations digitalization, AI influences the actors’ perceptions of the changing system. At this point, most research papers deal with AI within the framework of cybersecurity. This article aligns various approaches and presents a comprehensive perspective of AI in international relations.

METHOD OF MARKETPLACE LEGITIMATE USER AND ATTACKER PROFILING

The number and complexity of cybercrime are constantly growing. New types of attacks and competition are emerging. The number of systems is growing faster than new cybersecurity professionals are learning, making it increasingly difficult to track users' actions in real-time manually. E-commerce is incredibly active. Not all retailers have enough resources to maintain their online stores, so they are forced to work with intermediaries. Unique trading platforms increasingly perform the role of intermediaries with their electronic catalogs (showcases), payment and logistics services, quality control - marketplaces. The article considers the problem of protecting the personal data of marketplace users. The article aims to develop a mathematical behavior model to increase the protection of the user's data to counter fraud (antifraud). Profiling can be built in two directions: profiling a legitimate user and an attacker (profitability and scoring issues are beyond the scope of this study). User profiling is based on typical behavior, amounts, and quantities of goods, the speed of filling the electronic cart, the number of refusals and returns, etc. A proprietary model for profiling user behavior based on the Python programming language and the Scikit-learn library using the method of random forest, linear regression, and decision tree was proposed, metrics were used using an error matrix, and algorithms were evaluated. As a result of comparing the evaluation of these algorithms of three methods, the linear regression method showed the best results: A is 98.60%, P is 0.01%, R is 0.54%, F is 0.33%. 2% of violators have been correctly identified, which positively affects the protection of personal data.

Institutional competition and import of institutions: Theoretical aspects

Modern economy updates the problems of institutional competitions manifested in permanent non-compliance with the rules by the economic agents, the introduction of new institutions, standards, agreements, destruction of the current institution system. The import of the instutitions is the most relevant type of the institional competition. The borrowing of the institutions exert the impact of the established rules on the internal institutions and organizational forms, thus becoming dependent, just like their executors. This provides the initiator of the introduced rules with some benefits and the leading role in the institutional competition. The purpose of the research is to use theory of the institutional competition to propose a unified quality assessment method for the acting and re-introduced institutions to approve of the managerial decisions aimed to adjust the institutional system. The research methodology consists of institutional theory and assessment approaches to classical and functional efficiency, as well as in the field of quality assessment for the institution performance, which are defined as abstract norms and organizational structures, including the development institutions as regional development agencies. The result of the study was a designed general model of institutional competition, presentation of the blocking effect and dysfunction of the imported institution, as well as the proposed unified comparative assessment method for the quality of acting and imported institutions. It is also substantiated that the plot of the Coase theorem is opposite to the "lock-in" effect, while the Coase theorem lacks institutional competition. In practice, transactional costs are shown not to be equal to zero for the institutional competition. When institutions are imported, costs can increase with lock-in effects and dysfunction. In this regard, the introduction of new institutions should be justified with the parameters of the performance efficiency in some countries and with the conditions of the social economic system where they are supposed to be used, taking into account the institutional competition. The institutional competition is showcased as the import of development institutions as regional development agencies. Further research is seen to be connected with testing the proposed approach under the quality assessment criteria from the institutions and designed models for determining the permissible volume of imports of institutions.

The development of novel cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) inhibitor and the underlying interaction between inhibitor and CYP2J2

Human Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) as an important metabolic enzyme, plays a crucial role in metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Elevated levels of CYP2J2 have been associated with various types of cancer, and therefore it serves as a potential drug target. Herein, using a high-throughput screening approach based on enzymic activity of CYP2J2, we rapidly and effectively identified a novel natural inhibitor (Piperine, 9a) with IC50 value of 0.44 μM from 108 common herbal medicines. Next, a series of its derivatives were designed and synthesised based on the underlying interactions of Piperine with CYP2J2. As expected, the much stronger inhibitors 9k and 9l were developed and their inhibition activities increased about 10 folds than Piperine with the IC50 values of 40 and 50 nM, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition kinetics illustrated the competitive inhibition types of 9k and 9l towards CYP2J2, and K i were calculated to be 0.11 and 0.074 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the detailed interaction mechanism towards CYP2J2 was explicated by docking and molecular dynamics, and our results revealed the residue Thr114 and Thr 315 of CYP2J2 were the critical sites of action, moreover the spatial distance between the carbon atom of ligand methylene and Fe atom of iron porphyrin coenzyme was the vital interaction factor towards human CYP2J2.

BIG DATA КАК ФАКТОР ВХОДА НА ОТРАСЛЕВЫЕ РЫНКИ

Over the past few years, the Russian expert and scientific community has registered a significant increase in professional interest in the problem of using the capabilities of big data and algorithms for processing them as effective tools for shaping the market advantages of firms, as well as tools for limiting competition in commodity markets. At the same time, in theoretical and practical terms, this urgent issue is still very poorly studied. This article examines certain aspects of the influence of big data control on the dynamics of markets. The authors aim to develop the theory of the issue of the modem typology of entry barriers and to expand scientific ideas about new tools for limiting competition in commodity markets. The authors state that the potential of big data control as a factor that restricts the entry of new operators is manifested in the restriction of access to big data sources and the technological infrastructure of their processing, in the effects of the “positive feedback loop”, and in new opportunities for a cooperative behavior of firms. The authors are convinced that the ability of firms to qualitatively structure data and work in real time with relevant data sets is of fundamental importance for the stability of firms’ market positions today. In the development of the discussion, alternative opinions on the issue are also given. Separately, the authors discuss the effects of using big data on consumer welfare, as well as the associated privacy concerns. The authors note that the ability of firms to guarantee confidentiality in the consumption process creates new points of growth in competitiveness and new types of entry barriers.

The essence and scope of competitiveness of healthcare organisations in Poland

Purpose – The paper presents an analysis of the broadly defined essence of competitiveness in the healthcare sector and the closely related issue of the competitiveness of healthcare organisations accounting for the specifics of key types of competition in healthcare. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the essence of competition between healthcare organisations is represented by a better use of resources by some enterprises and enhanced cost efficiency in the conditions of the increased demand for top quality services. Research method – The research methodology applied in the study was literature research, the analysis of available empirical research results and of the laws and regulations applicable to the healthcare market. The analysis focused on the specifics of the Polish healthcare market and the ensuing conse-quences for the competitiveness of healthcare organisations. Results – The results of the analysis show how complex the issue of competitiveness of healthcare organisations is and how relevant it is for the increase of quality, availability, and innovativeness of healthcare for patients.

Extinction or coexistence in periodic Kolmogorov systems of competitive type

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We study a periodic Kolmogorov system describing two species nonlinear competition. We discuss coexistence and extinction of one or both species, and describe the domain of attraction of nontrivial periodic solutions in the axes, under conditions that generalise Gopalsamy conditions. Finally, we apply our results to a model of microbial growth and to a model of phytoplankton competition under the effect of toxins.</p>

Large positive solutions to an elliptic system of competitive type with nonhomogeneous terms

<abstract> In this paper, we study the elliptic system of competitive type with nonhomogeneous terms $ \Delta u = u^pv^q+h_1(x) $, $ \Delta v = u^rv^s+h_2(x) $ in $ \Omega $ with two types of boundary conditions: (Ⅰ) $ u = v = +\infty $ and (SF) $ u = +\infty $, $ v = f $ on $ \partial\Omega $, where $ f &gt; 0 $, $ (p-1)(s-1)-qr &gt; 0 $, and $ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R^N} $ is a smooth bounded domain. The nonhomogeneous terms $ h_1(x) $ and $ h_2(x) $ may be unbounded near the boundary and may change sign in $ \Omega $. First, for a single semilinear elliptic equation with a singular weight and nonhomogeneous term, boundary asymptotic behaviour of large positive solutions is established. Using this asymptotic behaviour, we show existence of large positive solutions for this elliptic system with the boundary condition (SF), existence of maximal solution, boundary asymptotic behaviour and uniqueness of large positive solutions for this elliptic system with (Ⅰ). </abstract>

Phenyl-substituted aminomethylene-bisphosphonates inhibit human P5C reductase and show antiproliferative activity against proline-hyperproducing tumour cells

In certain cancers, such as breast, prostate and some lung and skin cancers, the gene for the enzyme catalysing the second and last step in proline synthesis, δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase, has been found upregulated. This leads to a higher proline content that exacerbates the effects of the so-called proline-P5C cycle, with tumour cells effectively using this method to increase cell survival. If a method of reducing or inhibiting P5C reductase could be discovered, it would provide new means of treating cancer. To address this point, the effect of some phenyl-substituted derivatives of aminomethylene-bisphosphonic acid, previously found to interfere with the catalytic activity of plant and bacterial P5C reductases, was evaluated in vitro on the human isoform 1 (PYCR1), expressed in E. coli and affinity purified. The 3.5-dibromophenyl- and 3.5-dichlorophenyl-derivatives showed a remarkable effectiveness, with IC50 values lower than 1 µM and a mechanism of competitive type against both P5C and NADPH. The actual occurrence in vivo of enzyme inhibition was assessed on myelogenous erythroleukemic K562 and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, whose growth was progressively impaired by concentrations of the dibromo derivative ranging from 10−6 to 10−4 M. Interestingly, growth inhibition was not relieved by the exogenous supply of proline, suggesting that the effect relies on the interference with the proline-P5C cycle, and not on proline starvation.

ІМПОРТОЗАМІЩЕННЯ ЯК ФОРМА ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article is devoted to an urgent problem, the solution of which will improve the existing tools and approaches to import substitution in Ukraine. The article describes the process of import substitution as a kind of state policy. The main features of the process of import substitution and directions of implementation based on the criteria of economic, social and strategic expediency are given. The possibilities and limitations of the implementation of the import substitution policy as a method of stabilizing the economy are revealed. The necessity of applying the policy of protectionism, deregulation by the state to obtain a socio-economic effect has been substantiated. The study identifies the elements of the implementation of approaches to import substitution in Ukraine and proposes the directions of the organizational and economic mechanism for regulating import substitution. Import substitution should be considered not only in the commodity sense, but also in its resource component, institutional aspect, the degree of influence on the rights of access to resources and markets, and the like. Taking these aspects into account makes it possible to systematically and comprehensively understand the scale of the import dependence of the domestic market and more effectively implement the import substitution policy. Numerous studies of recent years indicate that the policy of import substitution is considered in the context of the problem of ensuring economic growth of the national economy, is constrained by the restriction of the balance of payments, and therefore, to support it, it is necessary either to increase exports or restrict imports. The import substitution policy must be implemented based on the criteria of economic, social and strategic expediency. The result of the use of import substitution should be an increase in the competitiveness of domestic products by stimulating the modernization of production, increasing its efficiency and the development of new competitive types of products with a relatively high added value. This will allow the country to increase the level of gross domestic product production and compete on equal terms with developed industrial countries.

Prevention and Resolution of Hidden Market Behaviors in Sports Events

The phenomenon of sponsorship of sports events has become a hot topic in the sports field. The exclusiveness and high risk of its sponsorship have caused the hidden market behavior of sports events to emerge one after another, seriously threatening the rights and interests of sponsors and other stakeholders. It can be regulated and governed in order to more effectively regulate and govern the implicit market behavior of sports events and clarify the value composition of sports events on which the implicit market behavior depends. This research uses the literature data method and logical analysis method to analyze specific cases and finds that the event value on which implicit market behavior depends is the value of the sports event itself, the driving or promotion value of the sports event, and the social evaluation value of the sports event. This divides the types of hidden market behavior into event element type, media resource type, and sponsorship competition type, and then proposes prevention and resolution strategies.

Comparison of Isokinetic Muscle Function and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in the Knee According to Kukki Taekwondo Training Type

Introduction: This study’s purpose was to measure and compare isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of knee joints according to the three Kukki Taekwondo competition types. Methods: A total of 21 elite Korean male poomsae (forms), gyorugi (sparring), and demonstration athletes majoring in Taekwondo were selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects’ physical fitness levels were measured using standardized strength, endurance, agility, balance, and flexibility tests. In particular, the isokinetic muscle function measurement system was used to measure the muscle function of subjects’ knee joints, and the Wingate test was used to measure their anaerobic exercise ability. Results: Gyorugi athletes showed better results than their poomsae and demonstration counterparts in nearly all metrics, including body composition, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec), muscle power (180°/sec), and anaerobic exercise capacity. Gyorugi athletes were also taller and showed higher muscle mass, strength, muscular endurance, and agility. However, poomsae athletes showed a higher level of flexibility. The results found isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of the knee joint to be most important for gyorugi athletes and then for demonstration and poomsae athletes, in that order. Conclusions: This study provides useful information needed to identify the physical fitness factors of the different Kukki Taekwondo athletes, and, in turn, it is may serve as important fundamental data for developing future systematic Taekwondo training programs.

Global competition: the role and place in the marketing environment

The relevance of the investigation is in the need to identify current trends in global competition and outline aspects of its interaction with the marketing environment of the enterprise. The demand to explore the modern conceptual apparatus of global competition is manifested in the creation of theoretical basis for increasing the value for consumers of global goods and services by reducing their time, optimizing the route, obtaining useful information and additional services. The aim of the article is to investigate the nature, types and main characteristics of competitive behavior in the global market. The object of research is the competitive relations arising in the world economy. This goal necessitated the solution of the following tasks: to identify the types and analyze the classification features of competition; outline the role and place of global competition in the marketing environment of enterprises; outline the main functions of global competition. The paper is devoted to the investigation of theoretical explanations of the role and place of global competition in the marketing environment of economic entities. The essence of global competition is revealed. The classification of competition types is studied and the place of global competition is outlined. The main characteristics of competitive environments in the global market in terms of key classification features, such as by the scale of development; development nature; competition methods; form; effectiveness criterion; compliance with the law; competitors. It is substantiated that the growing attention to the problems of global competitive relations is due to a number of significant changes in the modern global business environment, including the desire of successful companies to attract new customers, reduce costs and improve competitiveness, using the effect of scale and experience; competencies, reducing the level of risk by means of markets diversification. It is concluded that the global competitive environment should be considered as a set of elements in the global market that are interconnected and constantly interact, namely: the number of competing producers in the global market, global market infrastructure, and conditions of global competition.

Design, stimulation and fabrication of chassis of an FSAE female driven vehicle

Abstract Formula student competitions are a type of design and fabrication competition held across the world. Chassis is a very important component of any vehicle which is designed keeping in mind all the other components of vehicle like suspension, brakes, engine requirements, etc. as well as ergonomics and driver comfort as per the rules of the competition This study focuses on design, optimization and ANSYS analysis of a chassis designed around a 95-percentile male dummy as well as female driver comfort. The chassis was tested for front bulkhead impact, rear bulkhead impact, vertical bending and torsion analysis under static conditions and optimized to give a design with least weight, least cost in manufacturing and fabrication, maximum possible torsional rigidity and safety. A spaceframe chassis was designed using cold rolled tubes of AISI 1018 using SolidWorks and tested on ANSYS at all major points of force applications. 1.22 FOS was obtained in front bulkhead impact test, 1.7 FOS was obtained in rear bulkhead impact test, FOS of 1.15 was obtained in torsion test and 1.49 FOS was obtained in vertical bending test of the chassis in FEA analysis. The chassis obtained had the optimum values of safety and comfort and provided cheapest method for manufacturing.

New breeding and genetic methods in pig breeding in Belarus

Six pig breeds: Belarusian large white, Belarusian meat, Belarusian black and white, landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc are involved in breeding and hydridization of pig breeding in Belarus. More than 85 % of pigs supplied to meat processing plants of the Republic are provided by different combinations of interbreed hydridization.For the effective development of this branch in the Republic, the Scientific-Practical Center on Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus organized the system of selection and breeding work in pig breeding directed to create new competitive breeds, types, and hydrides of pigs adapted to the industrial production conditions and not inferior to the productivity of the analogs of the world selection.The main link of this system is the first-order breeding plants (nucleus units) as new-type plants dealing with the selection and breeding of the best animals with the outstanding genetically conditioned breeding and productive qualities. The second link of this system is the first-order breeding breeders that are completed with high-valuable breeding pigs from the leading nucleus unit and are engaged in their reproduction to obtain grandparents (GP).Assessing the level of the technological development of pig breeding in Belarus during the period to the 2030 year, we predicted the indices for the all predictable years (2020–2030). The existing level of the technological development of the pig breeding branch is assessed as the mean one. During 2020–2021 the pig breeding level will be moderate-high, during 2022– 2023 – high, and since 2025–2030 – intensive.

산업 내 경쟁유형이 기업의 현금보유수준과 투자비효율성간의 관계에 미치는 영향

산업 내 경쟁유형이 기업의 현금보유수준과 투자비효율성간의 관계에 미치는 영향