Competitive Procedure Research Articles

The Principles of Transparency in the Civil Service Employee Recruitment

The article analyzes approaches to the concept of transparency of competition procedures during selection for civil service positions in Ukraine. The author has conducted a thorough analysis of the main competition procedures when selecting applicants for civil service positions. The paper also defines the main problems of ensuring transparency of competition procedures during selection for civil service positions.

Prerequisites and Directions of Overcoming Crisis of the Industrial Enterprise Adequate to them

Purpose: the main objective of this article consists in definition of factors (prerequisites) of emergence of crisis of the industrial enterprises and development of adequate ways of their overcoming. Methods: by preparation of materials of article methods of a tree of the purposes. Results: one of possible interpretations of a form of manifestation of crisis of the industrial enterprise is the decline in demand for his production caused by a number of objective and subjective factors. Such approach allows to propose a complex of the solutions capable to level or to significantly weaken their action, taking into account a primacy of a problem of preservation of the operating enterprise as economically expedient form of connection of work and the capital. Conclusions and Relevance: the results of a research presented in article demonstrate that crisis management can't come down only to the regulations and decisions ordered by the legislation on bankruptcy. The modern science and practice offers other ways of a conclusion of the enterprises from crisis contrary to a relevant provision providing a priority of a problem of preservation of business instead of his elimination during the competitive procedures.

PROCEDURA KONKURSOWEGO DOBORU KADR KIEROWNICZYCh. PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA

THE COMPETITIVE SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT STAFF: LEGAL ISSUES Summary This analysis relates to the legal issues in the competitive selection of management staff. Under the current provisions in Poland many legal acts pertain to this issue, giving an inhomogeneous set of regulations for the principles of conducting such procedures in particular domains of public, social and economic affairs. The subject of this article is a detailed description of the stages of the procedure for the competitive selection of management staff. Good legislation to regulate the selection procedures for competitions for management appointments will have a significant influence on the effectiveness of the adopted method of selection. The author presents the successive stages of the procedures for such competitions and conducts an in-depth legal analysis, paying specific attention to legal doubts arising in connection with the application of the current law. On the basis of his analysis he formulates some proposals de lege ferenda addressed to the legislator on the introduction of requisite amendments and supplements to the legal regulations for the procedure of competitive selection of management staff.

ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR HERITAGE PROTECTION: THE DYNAMICS OF COMPETITION TAXONOMY

Various concepts of preserving the cultural and historical environment of the Historical centre of Riga have been documented within the last century period, including the international status as item No. 852 on the UNESCO World heritage list. The Riga Historical Centre Preservation and Protection Law was created as one of the mechanisms for the preservation of the status, which, among other notions, makes the procedure of architectural competitions mandatory. The territory, being part of the list, contains listings that it should consider in terms of value. Under such context the competition not only determines the competition for the best and serves as formal instrument for hindering hasty or inappropriate development, but also is public interpretation of the contemporary architectural values in contra dictionary aspects. The purpose is to analyse the structure of competition procedure instrument and relation to the specifics of the heritage and contemporary challenges. The study uses 75 competitions briefs and jury protocols proceeding in period 2004–2014, in the territory of urban heritage. The results demonstrate taxonomy1 of systemic listings of architectural properties followed by expert voting form as the main mechanism for results.

Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica Film-Assisted Label-Free and Universal Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor Platform.

Herein, a simple, facile, and label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor platform was constructed by integration of aptamer-gated systems and vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (MSFs) grown in suit of indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In this aptasensor platform, aptamer could be effectively adsorbed on the surface of aminated MSFs by noncovalent electrostatic attraction and then employed as an ideal gate material to control the blocking and releasing of luminescence reagents (Ru(bipy)32+) entrapped within the pores of MSFs. In the presence of target, the specific aptamer-target binding could trigger the uncapping the pores, releasing the Ru(bipy)32+ with detectable reduced of ECL signal. The feasibility and universality of this design was validated by employing three aptamers that bind to lysozyme, adenosine, and K+ as gate materials, and the detection limits were determined to be 0.06 nM, 0.75 nM, and 0.5 μM, respectively. This ECL aptasensor, based on the simple competitive procedure, was simple design, undemanding, and fast in operation. In addition, no other chemical modification of the aptamer was required, suggesting that this ECL aptasensor could be applied to many other target detections just by altering the aptamer sequence.

Public procurement with unverifiable quality: The case for discriminatory competitive procedures

Unverifiable quality may affect the enforcement of procurement contracts even when the award procedure is able to select the most efficient firm in the market. In this paper, we show that a discriminatory competitive mechanism – which awards the contract on the basis of price and (firms') past performance – yields an efficient allocation of the contract and allows the buyer to implement her desired quality. Quality enforcement arises out of relational contracting whereby the buyer ‘handicaps' a contractor in future competitive tendering processes if it fails to provide the required quality. We study an infinitely repeated procurement model with two firms and one buyer imperfectly informed on the firms' cost, in which, in each period, the buyer runs a discriminatory auction. We restrict our analysis to the case of a buyer committed to her handicapping strategy, a case which captures some of the features of a public buyer. When players use either grim trigger or stick-and-carrot strategies, we find that the buyer can induce the delivery of optimal (unverifiable) quality with a variety of handicap levels and, when applicable, durations of the punishment period; for some values of the handicap and the length of the punishment period, both firms remain active in the market even when punished.

Short-Term Projects versus Adaptive Governance: Conflicting Demands in the Management of Ecological Restoration

Drawing on a survey of large-scale ecological restoration initiatives, we find that managers face contradictory demands. On the one hand, they have to raise funds from a variety of sources through competitive procedures for individual projects. These projects require the specification of deliverable outputs within a relatively short project period. On the other hand, ecologists argue that the complexity of ecosystem processes means that it is not possible to know how to deliver predetermined outcomes and that governance should be adaptive, long-term and implemented through networks of stakeholders. This debate parallels a debate in public administration between New Public Management and more recent proposals for a new approach, sometimes termed Public Value Management. Both of these approaches have strengths. Projectification provides control and accountability to funders. Adaptive governance recognises complexity and provides for long-term learning, building networks and adaptive responses. We suggest an institutional architecture that aims to capture the major benefits of each approach based on public support dedicated to ecological restoration and long-term funding programmes.

Multivariate nonparametric test of independence

The problem of testing mutual independence of p random vectors in a general setting where the dimensions of the vectors can be different and the distributions can be discrete, continuous or both is of great importance. We propose such a test which utilizes multivariate characteristic functions and is a generalization of known results. We characterize the limiting distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis. The limiting null distribution is approximated and the method is validated. Numerical results based on simulations are investigated and our methodology is implemented in the R package IndependenceTests . Power comparisons are also presented for some partial cases of our general test, where some competitive procedures exist.

The memory of ENSO revisited by a 2‐factor Gegenbauer process

ABSTRACTThis article specifies a multi‐factor long memory process, namely Gegenbauer process, particularly adapted for data with slow damping correlations and cyclical patterns, and explores the use of this representation in the inter‐annual climate variability range capture by indices of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The empirical results suggest that sea surface temperature (SST) indices are stationary long memory processes. It is found that the indices in the eastern and central Pacific exhibit different dynamics. The variability of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST indices (Niño 1 − 2 and Niño 3) is characterized by a large component of long‐memory behaviour associated with the quasi‐biennial and the semi‐annual frequency. In contrast, the variability of the central Pacific SST indices (Niño 3.4 and Niño 4) is characterized by a large component of long‐memory behaviour associated with the annual and the semi‐annual frequency. These results are consistent with recent studies that suggest that ENS0 SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific can be considered to consist of two processes. The use of Gegenbauer processes can be considered as an alternative competitive procedure in the analysis of cyclical long memory climatological time series from a different time series perspective.

An Optimal Bahadur-Efficient Method in Detection of Sparse Signals with Applications to Pathway Analysis in Sequencing Association Studies.

Next-generation sequencing data pose a severe curse of dimensionality, complicating traditional "single marker—single trait" analysis. We propose a two-stage combined p-value method for pathway analysis. The first stage is at the gene level, where we integrate effects within a gene using the Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT). The second stage is at the pathway level, where we perform a correlated Lancaster procedure to detect joint effects from multiple genes within a pathway. We show that the Lancaster procedure is optimal in Bahadur efficiency among all combined p-value methods. The Bahadur efficiency,, compares sample sizes among different statistical tests when signals become sparse in sequencing data, i.e. ε →0. The optimal Bahadur efficiency ensures that the Lancaster procedure asymptotically requires a minimal sample size to detect sparse signals (). The Lancaster procedure can also be applied to meta-analysis. Extensive empirical assessments of exome sequencing data show that the proposed method outperforms Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We applied the competitive Lancaster procedure to meta-analysis data generated by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium to identify pathways significantly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol.

Is Negotiation a Good Bargain: A Study in Public Procurement in India

One of the issues in public procurement is whether the supplier selection process should be based only on competitive bidding (auction) alone or it should use negotiations. Relative efficiency of auction vs negotiation has been studied in economics literature. First price sealed bid auctions (conventional open competitive tenders) have been used successfully in public procurement. The present regulatory frame-work in India identifies negotiation as exception rather than the rule. This paper analyses circumstances in which competitive procedures or auctions work or do not work. The paper further argues that procurement policy of “No Negotiation" does not always produce optimal outcomes. If the procurement is complex and high value, auctions are likely to achieve sub-optimal outcomes. Negotiation with L1 does not help in addressing auction failures and therefore it might be better to ‘Not Negotiate’ at all rather than Negotiating with L1. Multi-stage auctions may provide opportunity to address some of the challenges that regular auctions face. It concludes that Negotiation is an effective tool to achieve allocative efficiencies and there is a strong case of permitting negotiations in high value complex public procurements.

An Investigation into the Improvement of Tendering Processes and the Level of Competition for PFI Construction Projects

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) since its inception has grown in its use particularly by the UK government. Despite its popularity it has been considered controversial. The focus for this research is the practical issues associated with PFI at the pre-construction stage. The research derives its data from interviews with nine people from the construction industry with experience of PFI tendering. The research investigates issues relating to the PFI tendering process and the bidding strategies of main contractors within the PFI market. It evaluates the impact they have on the public sectors ability to generate greater competition for PFI projects. The results confirm that many of the issues highlighted in the literature still remain. These issues include the poor performance of the public sector team during tendering and the lack of political support for some projects. The research confirms that there are typically considerable economies of scale in relation to tender costs when compared to the capital value of PFI projects. The research also identifies that certain main contractors do not necessarily use all available opportunities to exhaust the funds available to bid on PFI projects. The research also discovers that construction companies often use market intelligence to avoid bidding for PFI projects with intense competition. The research concludes that the use of the competitive dialogue procedure for projects such as PFI can do little to increase the levels of competition due to the construction industry’s ability to regulate the competition levels. A return to the former negotiated procedure system is recommended if after the selection of the preferred bidder costs can be controlled more effectively.

Особенности сторон служебного контракта на государственной гражданской службе в Российской Федерации

The article analyzes the problem of changing the service contract in the civil service in the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of the norms of official legislation and labor law on the issue of changing the service contract is carried out. The author reveals the peculiarities of legal relations arising during the state civil service in Russia, and subsequently studies the approaches of modern Russian scientists on this issue. Disputes mainly relate to changing the terms of the service contract. It is concluded that the reasons for changing the essential terms of the service contract in the civil service are not prescribed, which gives the representative of the employer the right to independent expression of will in such a situation. The author notes the difference between the transfer of a civil servant from a move. The article raises the problem of transfer in the civil service, points out the differences in its definition in the literature, the specifics of its issuing, as well as the relationship between transfer and the competitive procedure in the civil service. The question of a unilateral or bilateral process of changing the service contract is clarified. Nominally-alternative transfers have been singled out and characterized. The author offers recommendations on improving the legislation.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)6-08

Coronary artery bypass grafting in octogenarians: only when percutaneous coronary intervention is not feasible?

The aim of this study was to review recent literature reporting the results of coronary revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients older than 80 years. The review of recent studies on octogenarians demonstrates a surgical CABG advantage in the case of patients with increasing baseline coronary risk, such as severe multivessel disease, chronic total occlusions, and left ventricular dysfunction. PCI seems to be more appropriate for less severe degree and distribution of coronary lesions, and for subgroups of patients with higher surgical risk, such as acute coronary syndromes, reoperations, malignancy, dementia, poor mobility, frailty, and serious comorbidities contraindicating extracorporeal circulation. It is not the case that CABG is indicated only when there are contraindications to PCI. CABG confers more benefit than PCI in patients with increasing baseline cardiac risk, in the absence of serious systemic diseases that can reasonably reduce their life expectancy.CABG and PCI, with proper selection, should be considered complementary rather than competitive procedures in the therapy of octogenarians affected by coronary artery disease.

A Chip-Based Distributed Spectrum Adjustment for Fair Access in Cognitive Radio Network

The purpose of Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is to improve the spectrum utilization by allowing the secondary users (SU) to transmit data over the spectrum that the primary user (PU) is temporarily absent. In addition to recognizing the available spectrum hole, the SU shall properly select the channel to avoid congestion with other SU on the same channel so that the throughput can be maximized. Although secondary users may not fairly and uniformly choose the available channels in distributed spectrum selection environment, the radio resource can still be effectively utilized if SU can detect the congestion and can properly adjust the spectrum usage actively. This paper proposes a chip-based distributed spectrum adjustment (SA) framework to improve the system throughput. The proposed framework consists of the decision policy of spectrum adjustment and the channel competition and handoff procedure. In the proposed framework, each SU adjusts its channel according to the predicted congestion status and its channel conditions. Furthermore, the proposed chip based concept fairly decides the handoff of SUs. Exhaustive simulations conduct to show that the proposed scheme achieves better system throughput and fair spectrum handoff among SUs.

The Intersection of Competitions and Classrooms in Forensics Pedagogy

Many forensics coaches also serve as professors or instructors in their home departments. As a result, they often carry competitive debate practices with them into the classes that they teach. Although this overlap is widely beneficial, it is not without risks. Not all competitive procedures are well suited for classroom environments. Instructors may sometimes incorporate competitive techniques by habit without carefully considering the pedagogical consequences. In this article, we review instructional materials and syllabi from collegiate argumentation and debate classes and identify several methods that are commonly carried over from competitive settings. We then assess the pedagogical and educational implications of implementing these practices in undergraduate classes. We find that several tools and procedures that are appropriate for competition are problematic or even detrimental when adopted in introductory courses. In particular, instructors should think carefully before choosing to emulate competitive formats, incorporate competitive theories, or train students to use competitive techniques.

Study of competitive transport of some heavy metal cations across bulk liquid membranes containing phenylaza-15-crown-5 and cryptand 222 as carriers using flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study, a competitive transport procedure was used for transport process of Cr(III), Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), Pb(II), and Zn(II) metal cations across bulk liquid membrane (BLM) using phenylaza- 15-crown-5 and cryptand 222 as carriers and dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHCl3), nitrobenzene (NB), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) and CHCl3–NB, DCM–1,2-DCE binary solvent solutions as extracting solvents. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for determination of the concentration of the studied metal cations in source and receiving phases. The experimental results show that maximum transport rate is for silver(I) cation in the presence of the other metal cations using phenylaza-15-crown-5 as carrier and no transport was observed for the seven metal cations by cryptand 222 in all membrane systems. The effect of various parameters on the transport process was investigated. The effect of solvent on the transport efficiency of silver(I) cation was found to be in the order: NB > DCM > 1,2- DCE > CHCl3. The results also showed that the transport process of silver(I) cation through CHCl3–NB and DCM–1,2-DCE bulk liquid membranes is sensitive to the solvent composition. A non-linear relationship was observed between the transport rate of silver(I) ion and the composition of these binary mixed solvents. The influence of some fatty acids as surfactant in the membrane phase on the transport of the metal cations was also investigated.

One more ride on the merry-go-round! Public ownership and delayed competition in local public services

This paper investigates the effect of public ownership on the use of competitive bidding to award local monopoly franchises. The empirical setting is provided by the Italian natural gas liberalization reform, which made competitive bidding to award gas distribution franchises at the municipality level compulsory. The paper shows that municipalities owning a capital share in a gas distribution network operator experience a reduction in the hazard of awarding. The paper provides additional tests to support the causal interpretation of the findings. First, the credibility of competitive procedures is tested. Second, the presence of a contemporaneous dependence structure in the data is taken into account to address the imitation effect among the municipalities served by the same operator.

Методические рекомендации по оценке поставщиков товаров, работ, услуг при проведении аукционов, конкурсов и иных конкурентных закупочных процедур

Методические рекомендации по оценке поставщиков товаров, работ, услуг при проведении аукционов, конкурсов и иных конкурентных закупочных процедур

Selective Subsidies, Entrepreneurial Founders' Human Capital, and Access to R&D Alliances

We investigate if and to what extent the receipt of a “selective” public subsidy - a public subsidy awarded through a competitive procedure - acts as a quality signal and helps new technology-based firms (NTBFs) to access RD and ii) access an R&D alliance with another firm or a public research organization (e.g. an university), once the subsidy is awarded. We estimate an Heckman-type probit model on a sample of 977 NTBFs. First, our results show that the receipt of a selective public subsidy increases the likelihood to access an R&D alliance. Second, founders’ technical education figures as a key determinant to get the first selective subsidy. Finally, founders’ previous industry-specific work experience allows an NTBF to “exploit the signal” of the selective subsidy, by positively moderating the impact of the subsidy on an NTBF’s likelihood to establish an R&D alliance. This moderating effect is economically relevant and statistically significant only when the alliance is established with a corporate partner.