Export Competitiveness Research Articles

Analisis Daya Saing Komoditas Vanili Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Indonesia is a country that has a good climate for the growth of agricultural plants such as spices. One of the spices, namely vanilla, is a plant that can grow in tropical climates. Vanilla is a spice that is in great demand on the international market considering its benefits in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The target market for vanilla exports in Indonesia is developed countries. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian vanilla exports in the international market, using descriptive statistical analysis methods, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Export Product Dynamics (EPD). The data used is secondary data for the 2018-2022 period. The results of the analysis show that the average RCA value is more than one, which means that Indonesian vanilla has strong competitiveness and the EPD analysis shows that the competitiveness of Indonesian vanilla is fluctuating. The results of the analysis show that Indonesia has strong comparative competitiveness of vanilla in destination countries by continuing to increase production levels and maintaining good quality so that it can continue to compete in the international market.

Determinants of the Export Activity. A Configurational Analysis of the Family Firm

Family firms are of great importance in the increasingly competitive and unstable environment in which they have to operate. Furthermore, they evidence a series of specific characteristics that make them behave differently –specifically, when having to export. Among these distinctive traits, their lack of resources and more conservative attitude towards risk may limit their international activity. Nevertheless, we show that these obstacles are minimized when considering certain determinants that have traditionally been seen as drivers of firms’ export competitiveness (i.e. innovation, collaboration, using own means, export promotion mechanisms, and exporting to developed markets) together as a set. We perform a Fuzzy-set Configurational analysis to study the configurational effect of the abovementioned determinants on a sample of 68 Spanish family firms in the agricultural sector.

Factors Influencing the Competitiveness of Coffee Growers in Puebla, Mexico, to Export to the United States

This research aims to examine whether price, productivity, quality, innovation and technology transfer (TT), exchange rate, and financing are key factors that influence the export competitiveness of the coffee industry in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Previous studies on competitiveness have explored classical and neoclassical theories and new theories of international trade. We collected information by conducting an online survey using Google Forms, which included indicators for each of the variables studied. The multivariate regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to process the data. The results indicated that the studied variables significantly affected coffee producers’ export competitiveness in Puebla. Specifically, the model’s exchange rate, quality, and productivity variables demonstrated considerable explanatory power. This underscored the importance of product quality, production volume, and factors related to the producer’s income in the decision to export coffee rather than sell it in the domestic market. Despite the emphasis placed on variables such as innovation and TT in the literature, they had limited relevance in the used model. However, we discussed several potential explanations for this outcome.

Study on Development Suggestions for the Key Parts Industry Chain of China's New Energy Vehicles

The development of new energy vehicles is the inevitable path for China's automotive industry to transition from being a large player to a powerful one. This article focuses on analyzing the current development status of China's automotive industry, particularly in the realm of new energy vehicles. It examines the domestic market situation and export competition landscape of new energy vehicles, further evaluating the current status of the new energy vehicle industry chain, technological situation, enterprise competition landscape, and the regional distribution pattern of core components. Finally, based on the problems existing in the development of the new energy vehicle industry chain, it puts forward targeted development suggestions.

Comparative and Competitive Advantages of Palm Oil in International Markets

This research aims to (1) Analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa butter exports in international markets based on comparative advantages. (2) Analyzing the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa butter exports in the international market based on competitive advantages. The competitiveness of palm oil is analyzed in two ways: comparative advantage analysis and competitive advantage analysis. The approaches used in comparative advantage analysis are RCA, RSCA, and Product Mapping (RSCA and TBI). Meanwhile, the competitive advantage analysis uses the ECI approach. The competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil exports has a comparative advantage (RCA 54.15); based on Product Mapping analysis, Indonesian palm oil is in Group C, which means it has export specialization and has a comparative advantage. The ompetitiveness of Indonesian palm oil exports shows a competitive advantage or an upward trend; the value shows more than one (ECI 1.01).

The Weave of Challenges: China's Apparel Export Competitiveness in the Face of Zero-COVID Policy

The Weave of Challenges: China's Apparel Export Competitiveness in the Face of Zero-COVID Policy

The Competitiveness Of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp (HS030617) Export in European Market

Shrimp is one of the top ten major commodities that significantly contribute to foreign exchange earnings in the fisheries sub-sector. Indonesia is among the world's fourth-largest exporters of frozen shrimp commodities. The European market holds a 25% share as one of the main global importers of shrimp products. The research method employed includes Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to analyze competitiveness through comparative advantage and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) to assess competitive positions in the European market from 2018 to 2022. The research results indicate that Indonesian frozen shrimp (HS 030617) exhibits high competitiveness in the European market, except in Italy and Spain. Meanwhile, through competitive advantage, the competitive export position of Indonesian frozen shrimp commodities (HS 030617) varies in the European market.

Factors of competitiveness of Russian grain on the world market and prospects for the development of grain farming in the context of increasing export potential

Factors of competitiveness of Russian grain on the world market and prospects for the development of grain farming in the context of increasing export potential

Growth and Export Performance of Pineapple from India: An Economic Analysis

The present study was undertaken to know the growth and export performance of pineapple. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, and it is commercially cultivated worldwide as a high-value crop. India is the sixth largest producer in the world. The objective of the study was to elucidate the growth and export performance of the Pineapple from India.The secondary data for analysis was collected from AGMARKNET, National Horticultural Board (NHB) and Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development (APEDA). The results of the growth rate revealed a positive and increasing trend in pineapple exports from India during the study period, with an annual growth rate of 9.78 percent in quantity and 6.39 percent in value, which is significant at a five percent level of probability. The results of the Cuddy Della Valle index indicated that pineapple exports from India exhibit moderate instability, with values of 17.17 and 19.90 percent in quantity and value terms, respectively. It reveals that the average Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) value for pineapple was 0.53, indicating a moderate level of export competitiveness. Throughout the entire period, it is evident that India did not demonstrate competitiveness in pineapple exports, as indicated by the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) values consistently being below unity and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) values being negative. The direction of the Indian pineapple trade was conducted using the Markov chain framework. Among the major importers, the United Arab Emirates stood out as one of the most stable markets with a high probability of retention at 0.624. Overall, Indian pineapple stands out as a reliable and competitive player in the global market, with a strong performance and potential for growth. Therefore, efforts should be focused on enhancing the quantity of exports while ensuring they meet the quality standards and align with the consumer preferences of other countries.

Growth, Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Lentil (Lens culinaris) From Nepal

The lentil (Lens culinaris) sector in Nepal has realized as an export potential commodity but lacks adequate trade related research and development. To study the growth, export performance and trade competitiveness of Nepalese lentil, secondary data pertaining for the period of 30 years (1990–2019 A.D.) were analyzed classifying as pre and post WTO period for Nepal. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Cuddy-Delle Velle instability index, export performance ratio, reveled comparative advantage (RCA), trade specialization and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were analyzed. The trend analysis showed highly fluctuation with the growth rate of 40.31 and 42.24 percent per annum has been noticed in import value and quantity respectively. Whereas; the export quantity is found negative growth of 0.43 percent and export value with the growth of 1.44 percent. High instability was found in all parameters of export and import and highest variation was noticed for pre-WTO period in comparison to post-WTO. Nepal enjoys relatively strong competitiveness in export of lentil with RCA value greater than 1. Trade specialization index fluctuated over the years, it remains in the stage of import substitution declining from growth stage and have witnessed positive direction to revive the lentil export performance from Nepal. Herfindahl-Hirschman index showed that the Nepalese lentil market for export is highly concentrated which can lead to high economic risks. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 11, Issue-(1-2): 7-16.

Changes in Regional Export Structure in Response to External Shocks

the Covid-19 pandemic on South Korea’s regional export structure, with an emphasis on understanding how global events like pandemics can reshape regional export structures. Thus, it seeks to identify changes in regional competitiveness and the shifting patterns in industrial exports that occurred due to the pandemic. Design/Methodology – The research uses export data by applying Export Similarity Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage to gauge changes in the export structures of various regions in South Korea. By comparing data from before and after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the study provides a comprehensive look at how regional export markets have adapted and changed in response to global economic disruptions. Findings – The study uncovered a notable shift in the export structures across regions of South Korea because of the pandemic. During the pandemic, there was an increase in the similarity of exports across regions, indicating a convergence of regional export strategies. Post-pandemic, a diversification trend emerged, reflecting a response to changing global market demands. Notably, certain regions displayed a remarkable resilience, maintaining their competitive advantage in specific industries despite the global economic turmoil. Originality/value – This study contributes a new dimension to the understanding of export competitiveness, particularly in the context of South Korea. By providing a regional perspective, it offers insights into how global events like pandemics can lead to significant shifts in regional economic structures. The findings are particularly valuable for policymakers and business leaders, offering guidance in the development of strategies to enhance regional export competitiveness and ensure balanced economic development in the face of future global challenges.

Topological perturbations on resilience of the world trade competition network

Network resilience refers to a system’s capability to adapt its functions to ensure continuity of essential operations amidst external environmental shifts or internal failures. The resilience of the world trade network faces structural disturbances, such as dynamic changes in the internal and external environments, increasing trade barriers and changes in competition between countries, which is an issue worth exploring. In this study, we introduce a world trade competition network that reflects export competition between two countries. We employ a network dynamics model to assess the resilience of this global trade competition network, focusing on the influence of topological disturbances. The eight distinct types of topological perturbations analyzed include nodes representing countries, links symbolizing inter-country competition, and weights indicative of the intensity of this competition. Our findings reveal that the intensity of export competition between countries significantly influences the resilience of the global trade competition network. Specifically, experimental outcomes indicate that network resilience declines more rapidly when nodes are removed sequentially based on higher weighted degrees than when based on lower ones. Similarly, in link perturbation scenarios, removing links associated with higher competition intensity first leads to a more precipitous decrease in network resilience when the network is otherwise stable. Furthermore, in weight alteration scenarios, networks maintaining a higher ratio of high-intensity competition links demonstrate greater stability compared to those with a reduced proportion of such links. Consequently, sustaining a robust level of export competition between countries is crucial for preserving the stability of the network.

Resilience in Radiance: Analyzing the International Makeup Industry’s Export Competitiveness Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Resilience in Radiance: Analyzing the International Makeup Industry’s Export Competitiveness Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Determinants of PTA design: Insights from machine learning

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have emerged as the dominant form of international trade governance. Provisions included in PTAs are increasingly numerous, broad in their purview, deep in their scope, and varied between agreements. We study the economic, political, and geographic determinants of PTA design differences. For each of the hundreds of classified PTA provisions, we consider 287 country-pair characteristics as potential determinants, covering many individual mechanisms the literature has studied. We employ random forests, a supervised machine learning technique, to handle this high dimensionality and complexity. We use a robust variable importance measure to identify the most critical determinants of the inclusion of each PTA provision. Contagion due to competition for export markets, geographic proximity, and governance quality emerge as essential determinants of PTA design. These results motivate future exploration of individual mechanisms our exercise points to.

Free zones and manufactured export competitiveness from Africa

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of free zones on the competitiveness of manufactured exports from Africa. Particular interest is devoted to the channels through which free zones affect export competitiveness. The empirical analysis covers a sample of 29 countries for the period 1996–2018. Using panel data techniques, the results show that the free zone has a positive and significant effect on export competitiveness. The main transmission channels identified are foreign direct investment inflow, human capital, and institutional quality. As the main policy implication, policymakers in Africa need to invest more in human capital development and improve the attractiveness of the investment environment as a priority for having productive free zones.

Determinants of the competitiveness of world palm oil exports: A cointegration analysis

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of international palm oil prices, prices of its substitute and complementary goods, and the exchange rate on the competitiveness of 30 palm oil exporting countries over the period from 2011 to 2019, using monthly data. The symmetric comparative advantage index was estimated, and a convergence effect was found, whereby emerging countries exhibited greater specialization than industrialized countries. Unit root and cointegration tests were applied, in addition to FMOLS and DOLS methods. The analysis revealed that decreases in palm and vegetable oil prices, coupled with an increase in the exchange rate and prices of soybeans and biodiesel, enhanced the competitiveness of palm oil exports.

A Study on the Competitiveness and Influencing Factors of the Digital Service Trade

In today’s digital era, the rapidly escalating digital service industry plays a crucial role in the country’s economic development. However, compared to the countries that are a part of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the competitiveness level of China’s digital service trade still needs to be improved. This paper aims to know the differences in the competitiveness of the digital service trade between China and CPTPP countries and explore the factors affecting competitiveness in both exports and imports to improve China’s competitiveness level and narrow the gap with CPTPP, thereby promoting its accession process. This paper first uses China and CPTPP countries’ 2010–2022 import and export volume of digital service data to calculate each country’s revealed comparative advantage index, trade competitiveness index, market share, and Michaely fluctuation index indicators, further comparing the comprehensive level of competitiveness between countries. Then, based on the diamond theory, multiple regression analyses will be conducted based on the factors influencing digital service trade competitiveness and using the indicator data of influencing factors in each country for 2010–2021. The conclusions show that China’s digital service trade competitiveness ranked relatively high among CPTPP countries. The competitiveness of imports and exports of the digital service trade is influenced positively by several factors, including the degree of trade freedom, government efficiency, the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people, and the industry’s openness. The value of exports of trade in goods has a positive effect on export competitiveness, the enrolment rate in tertiary education has a positive effect on import competitiveness, and the ratio of employed in the service sector to the total employed has a dual effect, facilitating export competitiveness and inhibiting import competitiveness.

Exchange Rate Volatility and International Trade in Turkey

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exchange rate volatility and international trade in Malaysia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Exchange rate volatility significantly impacts international trade by affecting exporters, importers, and trade volumes. It introduces uncertainty, raises hedging costs, and alters price competitiveness, leading to shifts in trade flows. While policymakers implement measures to manage volatility, their effectiveness is debated. Regional trade agreements can mitigate its impact, but challenges persist. Effective management of exchange rate volatility is essential for fostering stable international trade relationships. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The theory of purchasing power parity (PPP), the theory of optimum currency areas (OCA) & the balassa- samuelson effect may be used to anchor future studies on the exchange rate volatility and international trade in Malaysia. Implement risk management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of exchange rate volatility on international trade, including the use of financial derivatives, hedging instruments, and diversification strategies. Design and implement policies that strike a balance between exchange rate flexibility and stability, recognizing the trade-offs between exchange rate volatility and export competitiveness.

The competitiveness of South African table grape exports in the European markets: Threats from Peru and Chile

ABSTRACT International trade in table grapes is expanding rapidly, with Peru overtaking South Africa as the second-largest exporter from the Southern Hemisphere behind Chile. The primary objective of the study was to the determine whether South Africa, with 75% of its exports destined for Europe, will be negatively affected by changes in Peru and Chile's export orientation. This question is addressed by breaking it down into four key factors. The first is the role of policy by applying Anderson et al.'s (2006) empirical framework of nominal rate of assistance (NRA) followed by measures of competitiveness, namely relative trade advantage (RTA), normalised revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) and the logarithmic relative export advantage (InRXA). The last two measures – indirect freight cost and trade barriers - zoom in on trade from one country to a specific destination. The results and discussion highlight that Peru, operating in close to a zero-distorted environment, has the potential to increase its competitiveness in the global table grape market. Whilst South Africa's table grape exporters also have this potential, given the advantages of a depreciating rand, broader and more favourable market access outside the EU and UK is paramount.

Analysis of Competitiveness and Export Performance: Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (HS 15111000) Commodity against Major Competitor in Indian Market

International trade has become a key pillar in driving a country's economic growth. The stability of international trade is reflected in export-import activities. The amount of exports that exceeds the amount of imports will increase national income and positively affect the country's economic growth. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is Indonesia's dominant export product that plays a critical role in the country's economic growth. Indonesia's CPO production in 2018 was recorded at 40.57 million tons. India is Indonesia's largest main market in exporting CPO. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness and performance of Indonesia's CPO exports compared to the main competitor countries, namely Malaysia and Thailand. The data analysis process utilizes Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Share (CMS), and the Man-Whitney Test with the period of research statistics from 2013-2022.The results show that Indonesia's RCA value has competitiveness and comparative advantage in CPO exports against Thailand, but does not show significant differences with Malaysia in the Indian market. The results of data analysis using Constant Market Shares (CMS) to measure Indonesia's CPO export performance through standard growth, commodity composition effects, market distribution effects and competitiveness effects show that the export performance of CPO commodities against major competitor countries in the Indian market tends to have a positive trend.