Competitive Climate Research Articles

Competitive psychological climate as a double-edged sword: A moderated mediation model of organization-based self-esteem, jealousy, and organizational citizenship behaviors

Prior research is inconclusive on whether competitive climate affects employee performance positively or negatively. The current study tests a moderated-mediation model of the effect of competitive psychological climate on organizational citizenship behavior (toward co-workers and customers) through the mediation of jealousy by drawing on social comparison theory to address the contradiction in the literature. By invoking the self-consistency theory, this study also proposes that organization-based self-esteem would moderate the effect of employee jealousy (as a result of competitive psychological climate) on organizational citizenship behavior (toward co-workers and customers). Dyadic data were collected from 145 customer service employees and their supervisors in various hospitality organizations in the UAE. Our results provide empirical support for our hypotheses: Competitive climate acts as a double-edged sword in enhancing citizenship behaviors toward customers but diminishing cooperation and helping behaviors toward co-workers through employee jealousy. As expected, the current study found that organization-based self-esteem mitigates the negative effect of jealousy on citizenship behavior towards colleagues and exacerbate the positive effect of competitive climate on citizenship behavior towards customers (via jealousy). Our findings have theoretical and practical implications and recommend future research opportunities.

Why do employees withhold knowledge? The role of competitive climate, envy and narcissism

PurposeBased on the self-evaluation maintenance model and social comparison theory, the purpose of this study is to test a novel model to explore the influence of competitive psychological climate on knowledge withholding of employees with the mediating role of envy. This study also investigated when the effect of climate on envy is more pronounced by assessing the role of a narcissistic personality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected time-lagged data from 376 employees working in UAE national banks to test the model.FindingsThe findings of this study showed that a competitive psychological climate indirectly affects knowledge withholding behaviour because such a climate enhances the emotional response of employee envy. In a competitive climate, upward social comparisons are likely to be heightened, resulting in employee envy and knowledge withholding because knowledge is used as leverage to gain self-control and self-worth in the organisation. This effect of such a climate on employee envy was found to be stronger when employees have a narcissistic personality.Originality/valueThe findings offer practical insights to managers and practitioners on the importance of managing the competitive climate cautiously to address the likelihood of knowledge withholding behaviour among employees at work.

Does competitive climate at work lead to problems at home? Examination of mediating pathways

Drawing from Conservation of Resources theory, the present study examines a serial mediation model in which competitive climate predicts work‐to‐family conflict via two mediators – first, excessive and compulsive workaholism, and then emotional exhaustion. As organizations may differ in terms of their competitive climate, we test our model based on data collected from public (Study 1) and private (Study 2) sector organizations. In study 1 (n = 282), two waves of data with a 2‐week interval were obtained from full‐time Indian managerial employees working in the public sector organizations. Results supported our hypothesized mediation model. In Study 2 (n = 250), we replicated the finding of Study 1 with private sector‐based organizations. Across two field studies, we found general support for our hypotheses. The present study contributes to understanding of the underlying mechanisms explaining the negative spillover effect of competitive climate on work‐to‐family interface.

Medical students' career decision-making stress during clinical clerkships.

Many medical students experience career decision-making stress in the final phase of training. Yet, the factors that induce or reduce career decision-making stress and how progression in their clerkships relates to these factors are unknown. This knowledge gap limits the possibilities for medical schools to develop and implement interventions targeting students' career decision-making stress. This study explores content, process, and context factors that may affect career decision-making stress. Using cross-sectional survey data from medical master students (n = 507), we assessed content (future work self), process (choice irreversibility, time pressure, career decision-making self-efficacy), and context (supervisory support, medical school support, study load, competition) factors and their relationships with career decision-making stress. The hypothesized relationships were tested with structural equation modelling. Aclearer future work self and higher career decision self-efficacy were associated with lower career decision-making stress, while experienced time pressure, competition, and study load were associated with higher career decision-making stress. Choice-irreversibility beliefs, supervisory support, and medical school support were unrelated to career decision-making stress. As students' clerkships progressed, they gained aclearer future work self, but also experienced more time pressure. Clinical clerkships help students to form aclearer future work self, which can diminish career decision-making stress. Yet, students also experience more time pressure as the period of clerkships lengthens, which can increase career decision-making stress. Aschool climate of high competition and study load seems to foster career decision-making stress, while school support hardly seems effective in diminishing this stress.

How School Climate Affects the Development of the Social and Emotional Skills of Underprivileged-Background Students-An Empirical Study Based on the SSES2019 Data.

Background: Promoting the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students is an integral part of educational and social equity. To date, there has been a lack of relevant research in this field. Aims: This study investigated the impacts of cooperative school climate and competitive school climate on the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students. Sample: This study used the data of Chinese underprivileged-background students (N = 1739) from the Study on Social and Emotional Skills conducted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-SSES2019). Methods: This study selected the ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis method and the quantile regression (QR) analysis method. Results: The ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis results showed that cooperative school climates promoted the development of various dimensions of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students, while competitive school climates had significant negative impacts on the collaboration and emotional regulation of underprivileged-background students and had no significant impact on the other three major domains, namely engagement with others, open-mindedness, and task performance. A quantile regression analysis further explored the heterogeneity in the impacts of cooperative school climate and competitive school climate on the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students through quantile regression and found that the impacts of a competitive school climate on underprivileged-background students with different levels of social and emotional skills were homogeneous, while the impacts of a competitive school climate on underprivileged-background students with different levels of social and emotional skills were heterogeneous. Conclusions: These findings provide a greater insight into the roles of school cooperative climate and school competitive climate in the development process of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students.

Evaluation of the Readiness of Small and Medium Enterprises on the Indonesian National Standard

Indonesia’s economic condition, which is experiencing a weakening due to the pandemic, has created a competitive climate among businesses. Jago Jaya Shuttlecock is one of the SMEs in the city of Surakarta that has been producing shuttlecocks since 1971. Jago Jaya Shuttlecock wants its products to be SNI certified for the expansion of the marketing network and to increase the class of the products it produces. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the readiness of SMEs to obtain SNI certificates. This was done by examining quality control using a control chart and the process capability in accordance with the quality requirements in SNI 0036-2014. This research also examined the readiness of SMEs in the SNI certification process from the aspects of administration, technical quality assurance, and economic capability. The problem was analyzed using the Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and obtained suggestions for improvements according to the priority of action if the specification is out of control and the Cpk indicator <1.5. In the preparation of SMEs in the SNI certification process, it was found that the readiness in the administrative, technical aspects of quality assurance and economic aspects were 100%, 17%, and 100% respectively. Based on the results, recommendations were given to improve the quality assurance system.
 Keywords: Readiness, SMEs, SNI, Indonesian National Standard

Facilitating retail store clerks’ work-family balance: The roles of family-supportive supervisor behavior and store competitive climate

Facilitating retail store clerks’ work-family balance: The roles of family-supportive supervisor behavior and store competitive climate

Student roles and behaviors in higher education co-creation – a systematic literature review

PurposeIn today’s global and highly competitive climate among universities, educational developers and instructors have focused more on trying to make the student experience more engaging. In this manner, student co-creation activities have recently become a major research priority in marketing and higher education (HE) research. The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the literature on student co-creation roles and behaviors in HE in order to map extant research on this topic and offer a consolidated view of the co-creation process and approaches that can be employed by HEIs to motivate students to co-create their HE experience.Design/methodology/approachA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was followed to classify, select, synthesize, analyze and assess the most relevant studies on student participation in co-creation in HE.FindingsThis study’s analysis has identified that the co-creation process in HE includes dialog, access, risk and transparency. The main approaches used by higher education institutions (HEIs) to motivate students to co-create their HE experience are student involvement, cognitive engagement, university affiliation and emotional engagement. Our review also shows that student co-creation behaviors are mainly participation and citizenship behavior, and their co-creation roles include those of co-producers, participants, change agents and partners.Originality/valueThis systematic literature review analyses and critically discusses the state of the art in student co-creation roles in HE and the approaches HEIs use. By providing a map of existing research, the paper contributes both to the clarification of student co-creation roles and behaviors in HE and the identification of research gaps and opportunities for further research.

Efektivitas Undang-Undang Antimonopoli dalam Mewujudkan Iklim Persaingan Usaha yang Sehat: Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 13/KPPU-I/2019

The free market that has hit Indonesia can lead to unscrupulous business actors that operate unfair business competition. If the fraud continues to occur, it will have a negative impact considering the market share is only towards a handful of business actors, resulting in unfair business competition. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Law Number 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition in creating a healthy climate of business competition in the case study of Decision Number 13/KPPU-I/2019. This study uses the normative method, in which the approach is the statutory approach based on legal doctrine, legal concepts, legal principles, KKPU decisions and related laws and regulations. The data sources used are secondary data consisting of the Antimonopoly Law, Decision Number 13/KPPU-I/2019 related to market concentration, where the KPPU effectively enforces the law in accordance with the Antimonopoly Law in order to create fair business competition and other scientific works. relevant to answer the formulation of the problem. The results and conclusions of this study indicate that the Antimonopoly Law has been effectively implemented by the KPPU because in carrying out law enforcement the KPPU coordinates with the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and the judiciary under it. Should an unfair business competition case concerns a foreign company, KPPU will coordinate with the business competition authority in the relevant country.

Pendidikan Akhlak Perspektif Imam Qusyairi dan Implementasinya dalam Pembelajaran

Moral education is very urgent in Indonesian education considering the high moral crisis faced by this nation. The reality is that in today's era, human life is far from the values of the Qur'an and Hadith. The orientation of human life has changed to become more materialistic, individualistic, and spiritual aspects dry. There is an increasingly competitive climate which in turn gives birth to people who are not humane. This article aims to examine moral education according to Imam Qusyairi in the book Ar Risalatul Qusyairiyah and its implementation in learning. This type of research is library research and a qualitative descriptive approach which is carried out through collecting literature data that is in accordance with the focus of the study. In this book, namely sincerity, repentance, piety, patience, ridho, honoring teachers, friendship. The application of moral education values in formal, non-formal and informal learning is to guide students to have the qualities of faith, piety and noble character.

Analisis Proses Underwriting pada Produk Kafalah Pembiayaan Surety Bond di PT Penjaminan Jamkrindo Syariah Cabang Medan

The purpose of this study was to determine the Underwriting Process for the Surety Bond Financing Kafalah Product at PT Penjamina Jamkrindo Syariah Medan.This creates a healthy competitive environment between contractors and prevents the emergence of an unfair competition climate, such as monopoly, which may be carried out by principals/contractors with very large sums of money. Equitable regional development across Indonesia may result in a just and successful society, and it is inextricably linked to development projects. In Indonesia, a presidential edict stipulates that any development project procurement must not only satisfy administrative requirements, but also give assurances. PT. Jamkrindo Syariah is one of the insurance businesses that may provide surety bonds. To get a surety bond guarantee, the principal must submit the required papers to PT. Jamkrindo Syariah, which must then go through an underwriting procedure to assess whether the project is feasible. If possible, a policy will be given; otherwise, PT. Jamkrindo Syariah will send the principal a refusal letter.
 Keywords : Surety Bond, Underwriting

The dark side of competitive psychological climate: exploring the role of workplace envy

PurposeEmployees compete for organizational resources as scarcity of resources has always been a critical issue in organizations. Since every employee cannot get equal pay raises, promotions and other incentives, therefore, they start feeling competition in the workplace which may further lead to negative outcomes such as envy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the negative consequences of the competitive psychological climate in the hospitality industry. The authors further intend to familiarize with the envy reducing mechanism.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on social comparison theory our study intends to explain the role of competitive psychological climate in workplaces. The authors utilized an exploratory qualitative research approach and surveyed through semi-structured interviews of the hospitality professionals working in the star hotels in Pakistan.FindingsThe authors’ findings reveal that there is a huge psychological competitive climate in the hotel industry in Pakistan. The psychological competitive climate leads to workplace envy among workers which further results in poor employee performance. The authors further found the role of personality traits in affecting employees' envious feelings.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the fact that this study only examined the star-category hotels in Pakistan and its findings may not be representative of the whole hospitality industry, it offers a clear illustration of the effect that competitive climate can have on individuals in the form of workplace envy.Originality/valueThe authors examined the dark side of the competitive climate in the hospitality industry which was overlooked in the literature. The study highlights key research implications and sets the future agenda for research in the hospitality industry.

The Spillover Effect of Life Satisfaction on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship and the Moderating Role of Competition Climate.

In the field of organizational management, research on employees’ life experiences is insufficient. It remains unclear how employees’ non-work experiences affect customer service quality. Building on the spillover theory (an individual’s experience in one domain can be transferred to another domain) and the conservation of resources theory (individuals are motivated to protect their current resources and to acquire new resources), we aim to examine the impact of service employee’s life satisfaction on customer satisfaction while considering service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (the discretionary extra-role behavior demonstrated by employees) as a mediating variable. To test our hypothesis, we collected multi-wave, multilevel, multisource data of 209 customer service employees from an insurance company. The results showed that service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior was an important mechanism by which employees’ overall life satisfaction positively affected customer satisfaction. In addition, this mediating effect was weaker for employees in higher competition climate groups. The study illustrates the critical contribution of the overall well-being of personnel to organizational business results.

The impact of task-oriented leadership to subordinates' knowledge creation behavior – based on organismic integration theory

PurposeCompetitiveness of pharmaceutical companies hugely depends on new knowledge because of ever-changing technologies and forefront of knowledge. Leadership styles appear to influence knowledge management behavior, but there has been little empirical research on employees' knowledge creation behavior as an outcome of leadership. The study examines how task-oriented leadership affects subordinates' knowledge creation behavior. Based on organismic integration theory (OIT), the study proposes that perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation can conduct as mediators.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 877 full-time working employees in five pharmaceutical companies in China. Participants answered demographic questions and completed the task-oriented leadership, perception of competitive climate, achievement motivation, as well as knowledge creation behavior scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results review that task-oriented leadership will significantly promote subordinates' knowledge creation behavior. Perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation play mediator roles between task-oriented leadership and subordinates knowledge creation behavior. Perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation have a serial mediating effect between task-oriented leadership and subordinates knowledge creation behavior.Practical implicationsBy adopting a task-oriented leadership style through training and development, leaders may stimulate employees more knowledge creation behaviors by transmitting the organization's vision, clarifying their work tasks and setting relatively high-performance standards. Then, organizations should establish a competition mechanism to promote competition among employees, while also preventing malicious competition. Finally, organizations should arouse employees' achievement motivation to stimulate their internal pursuit of success and needs.Originality/valueBecause of the improvement of information technology and the acceleration of knowledge dissemination, the need for new knowledge is becoming more and more urgent in organizations. Knowledge, as a resource that needs to be managed in an organizational environment, has regained researchers' attention. However, a flourishing number of studies explain the organizational knowledge management from the macro level, there is a need to explore how leaders influence their subordinates to create knowledge. From the perspective of extrinsic motivation internalization, this study’s findings contribute to the literature on task-oriented leadership and knowledge creation behavior and expand our understanding of why task-oriented leadership promotes subordinates' knowledge creation behavior.

Voice in Reaction to Being Envied: The Self-Esteem Mechanisms Under the Agency-Communion Framework

Being envied in the workplace can make the target feel good for being superior to peers in certain aspects but can also make the target feel bad for not being liked by peers. These paradoxical feelings can have different effects on the envied employees’ behaviors, especially public behaviors that are observable to the peers. Based on the agency-communion framework, our research investigated how and when being envied affects one’s public voice. Field data from a service company found that being envied enhanced self-esteem in the agency domain (i.e. organizational-based self-esteem), which in turn increased public voice. This positive indirect effect was stronger when competitive climate was higher rather than lower. Meanwhile, being envied increased self-esteem threat in the communion domain (i.e. social self-esteem threat), which in turn inhibited public voice. This negative indirect effect was stronger when task interdependence was higher rather than lower. These findings suggest that, depending on the team contexts, employees' perception of being envied can either facilitate or impede their public voice by either enhancing their self-esteem in the agency domain or threatening their self-esteem in the communion domain, respectively. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Yes, I Made It! Proactivity Effectiveness Alleviates the Psychological Costs of Proactive Behavior

Proactivity is an important work behavior commonly encouraged by organizations. However, a growing number of studies suggest that being proactive can have negative psychological costs for employees. In this diary study, we contribute to this emerging discussion by examining the contingencies that enhance or attenuate the effect of proactivity on resource depletion. Specifically, we identify proactivity effectiveness and competitive climate as two crucial factors determining whether proactivity leads to a state of depletion at the end of the workday. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 105 employees of a multinational construction company, who completed a general survey and two daily surveys over the course of a working week. Multilevel analyses showed that proactive behavior on a workday resulted in lower depletion at the end of the workday when proactive efforts were perceived as effective, particularly among employees perceiving a low-competitive climate. Our work offers a contingency model that explains when and why being proactive is (not) depleting, contributing a more nuanced understanding of the impacts of proactivity on employees’ well-being.

Is Intra-Team Political Behavior a Good Thing? It May Depend on Team Learning

Political behavior has been discussed for nearly a hundred years. Although political behavior has been explored in-depth in previous research, sufficient attention has not been paid to team-level politics. Moreover, whether political behavior is beneficial in a team context remains an unanswered question. This paper examines the influence of intra-team political behavior on individual task performance and voice. Based on transactive memory theory, this study explores the potential boundary role of team learning in the above relationship. Furthermore, the authors propose that intra-team competitive climate and leader-member exchange mediate the moderating effect of team learning. A multi-source field study was conducted to examine the hypotheses. Results showed that team learning moderated the relationship between intra-team political behavior and individual task performance, voice, and leader-member exchange. Furthermore, the interactive effect between team learning and intra-team political behavior on task performance was mediated by intra-team competitive climate. Finally, the results of this study provide a basis for critical thinking for organizations and managers seeking to develop their understanding of organizational politics.

The Dark Side of Competitive Psychological Climate: Exploring the Role of Workplace Envy

Workers compete for organizational resources as scarcity of resources has always been an issue in organizations. Since all workers cannot get equal pay raises, promotions, and other incentives, therefore, they develop feelings of competition among them at the workplace which may further lead to negative outcomes such as envy. Drawing on social comparison theory our study intends to explain the role of psychological competitive climate at the workplace. We utilized an exploratory qualitative research approach and surveyed through semi-structured interviews of 12 professionals working in the star hotels in Pakistan. Our findings reveal that there is a huge psychological competitive climate in the hotel industry in Pakistan. The psychological competitive climate leads to workplace envy which further results in low employee performance. We further found the role of personality traits in affecting employees’ envious feelings. The study highlights key research implications and sets future agenda for research in the hospitality industry.

Financial Entrepreneurship early warning model of enterprise human capital based on data analysis

According to the optimization degree of human capital structure will determine the degree of economic development of enterprises, the financial early warning index system of human capital is designed. This paper constructs a financial early warning model of human capital based on data analysis. Combined with the logical relationship that the effective allocation of human resources determines the creation of enterprise value and the realization of enterprise value through the financial capital engine, it is modified into the basic model of financial early warning combination model of human capital on the basis of Cobb Douglas production function. The data analysis toolbox of MATLAB software is used to establish the combination model of human capital financial early warning based on data analysis. The experimental results show that the method can compensate for the error of single early warning model in the combined early warning model and improve the precision of early warning. Chinese small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) have become an increasingly significant element of China's economy, both in terms of overseas export trade and job possibilities and GDP growth. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) account for 99 percent of the country's 10 million industrial and commercially registered companies. More than 80% of urban employment is provided by small and medium-sized businesses, and 70% of innovation is generated by these businesses. The fierce rivalry in the buyer's market continues to grow in the current competitive climate. Small and medium-sized businesses in the sector must offer consumers with competitive goods and services, including preferred credit settlement methods, generally in the form of credit sales, in order to consolidate or grow their competitive advantages. As a result, many businesses find themselves in a "not selling on credit and waiting to die" or "selling on credit to court death" quandary because of the danger of the other party's usage, which frequently results in accounts receivable that cannot be fully or on time recovered. A thorough understanding of your clients, a sensible financial system, and an early warning evaluation of your company's finances are all required before you can work together.

MANAGING CORPORATE IDENTITY DURING ORGANISATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN A PUBLIC INSTITUTION IN KENYA

Purpose: Universities, like other institutions, are under pressure to manage their corporate identity and corporate reputation, in the global competitive climate. Few studies in Africa focus on the impact of internal communication on corporate identity and reputation management during organizational transformation. This study interrogates how a transforming and complex public institution in Kenya managed its corporate identity, image and corporate reputation during transformation for competitive advantage. The study sought to establish whether Multimedia University of Kenya (MMU) management communicated excellently with its employees to nurture the corporate identity, image and reputation during a ten-year period of rapid transformation.
 Methodology: Data was collected using in-depth interviews from eighteen seniour and mid-level management and employee representatives who were purposively selected. In addition, data was gathered through 153 self-administered questionnaires using the stratified random sampling method from MMU faculty and administrative staff.
 Findings: The study established that MMU management created awareness of institutional changes and identity using formal meetings as well as interactive and mediated channels such as telephone conversations and intranet which facilitated record-keeping. It was noted that top-down and bottom-up communication approaches build employee engagement and trust yet respondents lacked trust in the accuracy of the information from subordinates which implied an element of information exclusion. Thus, the employees advocated for digital, interactive and interpersonal channels such as social media, telephone exchanges, personal visits by MMU management, and university events for bonding, engagement and identification in the changing institution. The study established that publicity and marketing activities to prospective students and sponsors be through paid media using private television and vernacular radio stations, owned media using MMU radio and website, and earned media using traditional print media to manage MMU brand and image. The respondents recognized the MMU brand as a leader in telecommunication, technology, mechanical, manufacturing, and media training with state-of-the-art equipment and robust faculty. These findings challenge university administration to engage with the corporate communication function and focus on the continual enhancement of corporate identity and reputation management practices for competitive advantage.
 Recommendations: The study recommends a communication policy and management practice for effective employee interpretation of institutional messages to enhance engagement, positioning, brand ambassadors, and employee coaching to nurture the new ethos, identity and brand during institutional changes. A progressive policy in which institutional management addresses inclusion to build trust, provides for interactive digital channels for engagement, and articulates identity through written and verbal channels to effectively communicate corporate messages and enrich the corporate reputation of a transforming public institution.
 Keywords: Corporate communication, corporate identity, corporate image, corporate reputation, employee engagement, organizational transformation