Competitive Motivation Research Articles

대학 신입생 대상 학습전략 하위요인에 의한 학업성취 예측 및 군집 분석 사례 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to lay the foundation for establishing a customized teaching and learning support system by clustering students based on the Learning Strategy Test (MLST) for freshmen in universities. Methods For this purpose, 1,503 freshmen from A university in G city were diagnosed using the MLST to analyze their personality, motivation, emotion, and behavior characteristics. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, cluster analysis, and cross-analysis were conducted, focusing on the sub-factors and related variables of the MLST. Results The analysis of MLST sub-factors according to learners' academic achievement revealed that for personality characteristics, the scores for self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and conscientiousness decreased as academic achievement decreased. Learning motivation and competitive motivation also decreased with academic levels, while avoidance motivation was higher in the top academic group. In emotional characteristics, depression was lowest in the lower academic group but higher in the top group compared to the middle groups. Behavior characteristics scores decreased with lower academic achievement, but memory strategy scores were lower in the top group compared to middle groups. Regression analysis showed that MLST sub-factors explained 19.5% of academic achievement, with learning time, personality, and behavior characteristics being significant variables. When all 17 variables were included, the explanatory power increased to 22.9%, with notable contributions from self-efficacy, competitive and avoidance motivation, class listening, and test strategies. Four clusters were modeled based on MLST sub-factors: Yellow Light, Red Light, Blue Light, and Green Light. Cross-analysis showed significant differences when comparing these clusters with types based on study quantity and learning strategies (latent, stagnant, diligent). Conclusions This study holds significance as a foundational study to link the MLST tests conducted for freshmen in universities to more customized learning support

Group Decisions, Between Competitive Motives and Knowledge Sharing

This research was conducted on UMKM groups established based on program instrumentation in the form of community development. The focus of this research is on the dynamics and processes that involve groups as strategic alliances between knowledge sharing and competitive motives. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Identification of research informants was done by snowball sampling through key informants of group leaders and former group mentors. Triangulation of sources and methods was used to ensure the validity of the data. Field data will be collected, classified, reduced, and then interpreted according to the Miles and Huberman method. The group will be able to work and evolve if there is a reciprocal process of interests among its members, such as sharing knowledge. Between competitive motives and the process of sharing knowledge will potentially negate each other in group dynamics. Therefore, this dynamic requires factors that can ensure a balance between the two. How to keep competitive motives at a healthy competitive level and, on the other hand, not interfere with the process of sharing knowledge, which is one of the indicators that the group is working and developing.

What motivates individuals to practice trail running? The role of demographics and training habits in recreational runners.

Despite the growing interest in trail running in several countries, few researchers have investigated why people practice trail running. Thus, this study aimed to identify the main motivational factors that determine adherence to trail running and their association with demographic characteristics and training habits among recreational runners. This cross-sectional research employed a questionnaire as its measurement instrument to gather data on demographic characteristics, trail running practices, motivation among trail runners. The study examined 168 trail runners, with 66.7% being men. It verified significant differences in demographic characteristics and training habits only in the distance covered during races with sex (P=0.036). Additionally, the results showed that the primary motivations for trail runners to practice trail running were quality of life and leisure (86.3%), physical fitness (54.2%), and competition (34.5%). Motivation for quality of life and leisure was associated with marital status (P=0.033) and average distance travelled during training (P=0.011). Motivation for physical fitness was associated with the way trail running training is performed (P=0.012), while competitive motivation was associated with gender (P=0.001), race (P=0.028), and average distance travelled during training (P=0.015). The findings indicate that the majority of runners practice trail running as a means of improving quality of life and leisure, followed by physical fitness and competition. Furthermore, significant associations were found between motivations and demographic characteristics as well as training habits.

Hormonal contraceptive use, not menstrual cycle phase, is associated with reduced interest in competition

Despite numerous studies attempting to understand the influence of fertility and hormonal contraceptives on competitive outcomes, the association between these variables remain a contentious issue. Using a longitudinal, online diary study with over 5600 daily observations (N = 302 community and undergraduate student participants), we explored the effects of fertility probability and hormonal contraceptive use on a range of self-report competitive outcomes. Specifically, we sought to replicate existing findings by examining whether self-reported competitive motivation increases mid-cycle and how hormonal contraceptive use affects these patterns. We also sought to extend this literature by collecting a range of self-report measures of competitive behavior across the menstrual cycle. Using an evolutionary and data-driven framework, we combined six behaviors females use to compete for mates and status: gossip, social comparison, negative evaluations of others, appearance enhancement, giving advice and taking sexy self-portraits. Contrary to our predictions, fertility probability was not associated with fluctuations in self-reported competitive motivation or behavior. However, replicating existing literature, hormonal contraceptive users reported a general lack of interest in competition compared to non-users. This latter finding raises important questions about the long-term implications of hormonal contraceptive use and suggests a need for further research to investigate the psychosocial effects of hormonal contraceptives. Finally, as a near direct replication of an existing longitudinal study, the current research offers a unique contribution by considering the role of context in hormone mediated research. We question the idea that a failure to replicate reflects the quality of the theory or the research, but instead suggest that context should be considered when developing psychological theory.

Emotional attitude and motives of dislike as predictors of discriminatory attitudes

The emotional attitude towards outgroup representatives may differ depending on the target of discrimination. Establishing the role of emotional relationships and the motivation of dislike in adherence to certain combined types of discriminatory attitudes will contribute to the development of measures to counteract them. The aim of the study is to establish emotional attitudes towards representatives of outgroups and the motives of dislike, which are predictors of discriminatory attitudes. The study involved 190 people of both sexes (men — 36.6%), aged 20–40 years. The survey methods of direct and indirect assessment of discriminatory attitudes, affective reactions towards representatives of discriminated groups, motives of dislike, methods of mathematical data processing (descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses, modeling method) were used. The combination of forms of emotional attitude and motivation in the prediction of types of discriminatory attitudes, as well as direct and indirect effects of emotional relationships on generalized forms of discriminatory attitudes, has been revealed. Anger and anxiety act as emotional attitudes towards representatives of outgroups, causing a general discriminatory attitude, while interest and disgust contribute to its reduction. The predictors of discriminatory attitudes towards socially vulnerable groups are fear (positive), interest and pity (negative); dissident groups — anger and fear; outsider groups — anger and disgust; social status groups — irritation and aggression (positive), disgust and interest (negative). The strongest motivational predictors of discriminatory attitudes are the motivation of competition in the labor market in the case of dissident, socially-status and even socially unprotected groups, as well as hostility based on an emotional attitude in the case of dissident and socially-outsider groups. Various emotional attitudes and motivations of rejection towards outgroup representatives explain a significant part of the dispersion of generalized forms of discriminatory attitudes. Generalized discriminatory attitudes are characterized by heterogeneous emotional conditioning and polymotivation.

Navigating the innovation policy dilemma: How subnational governments balance expenditure competition pressures and long-term innovation goals

In the pursuit of economic growth, the role of innovation has become increasingly important, posing dilemmas for subnational governments as they navigate the balance between expenditure competition and long-term investments in innovation. This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between fiscal pressures and the pursuit of innovation goals faced by regional authorities. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing more than 150 studies published within the past 15 years. Keyword searches were conducted across multiple databases, and additional scholarly articles were incorporated through citation tracking. Rigorous qualitative analysis techniques, including inductive coding and thematic analysis, were employed to distill conceptual insights from the literature. The analysis performed in this review reveals extensive discussions regarding the influence of competition on innovation outcomes, encompassing a wide range of perspectives. The potential advantages of localization are emphasized by some viewpoints, while others caution against the risks of inadequate investment. The effective coordination of policies across multiple levels of governance to maximize synergies between national and subnational innovation systems emerges as a complex yet crucial challenge. It is observed that collaborative networks, which facilitate knowledge exchange through industrial clustering and public-private linkages, play a significant role in leveraging regional innovation assets. Strategic approaches that successfully balance competition with long-term capacity development have been demonstrated by leading jurisdictions. These findings highlight the significance of tailored policy frameworks that account for the unique contexts of each region, providing opportunities to harness competitive motivations while sustaining investments in innovation. Ongoing coordination is essential to strike a balance between responsiveness and coherence across diverse territories. This study offers practical guidance and academic insights on strategies to align decentralized imperatives, aiming to optimize prosperity through knowledge creation within evolving multi-level innovation systems. By shedding light on these strategies, the research contributes to both practical and academic understandings of how to effectively navigate and capitalize on the dynamics of such systems.

Ideological attitudes predicting online hate speech: the differential effects of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation

IntroductionWhile research on online hate speech (OHS) has expanded in recent years, only few studies adopt a theoretical framework to understand how ideological attitudes differentially motivate individuals to engage with OHS. Drawing on the dual-process motivational model of ideology and on previous political psychological research on OHS, this study examines how individual levels of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) predict the likelihood of producing OHS for online platforms users.MethodsWe used logistic regressions to analyze the survey data from a representative German sample of social media platform users (N = 7,349).ResultsThe analyses indicate that SDO is related with higher odds of producing OHS, while RWA is related with lower odds. After adjusting for socio-economic factors and controlling for alternative predictors, the odd ratios remain significant, indicating that these two ideological attitudes predict online hate speech in different directions.DiscussionThe results show that high-RWA individuals are less likely to engage with OHS, which is explained through their conservative motivation to conform to social norms and maintain social stability. High-SDO individuals are more likely to produce OHS and may use it following their competitive motivation to increase hierarchical relations and improve their social status within society. The findings are discussed taking into consideration the specificities of the German social context, and corroborate and expand previous research. From these subtle but crucial differential effects, relevant implications are drawn for the platform as well as for social and political levels.

Gender-specific motivational pathways in ADHD-related inattention and gaming disorder symptoms

Comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and gaming disorder (GD) is widely recognized in the literature. Previous research has indicated gender-dependent underlying mechanisms in the development and maintenance of problematic gaming. Motivational research presents an opportunity to provide further insight regarding the nature of this association. Self-report data were collected from videogame players (N = 14,740) using an online survey in collaboration with a popular gaming magazine. The survey included items concerning symptoms of ADHD and GD, motives for gaming, and time spent playing videogames. Structural equation modeling was used to create two parallel mediation models (one for males, one for females), including motives to play games as mediators. This was done to potentially explain psychological drivers of the association between ADHD and GD. Results demonstrated a common pathway from inattention to GD symptom severity through the immersion/escapism motivation for both males (β = 0.068; p < 0.001) and females (β = 0.081; p < 0.05), while the path from inattention to GD symptom severity through the habit/boredom motive (β = 0.094; p < 0.001) and competition motive (β = 0.021; p < 0.001) was only significant for males. Gamers experiencing symptoms of ADHD, especially inattentive symptoms, are at risk of the occurrence of GD symptoms through videogames becoming a source of maladaptive coping with daily psychological disturbances. Males experiencing inattentive symptoms tend to additionally develop problematic patterns of use through videogame playing, becoming a subjectively meaningless and boredom-reduction-oriented habitual activity or a platform of virtual competition. Unique differences suggest the necessity of different treatment approaches for males and females.

Leveraging Stacking Framework for Fake Review Detection in the Hospitality Sector

Driven by motives of profit and competition, fake reviews are increasingly used to manipulate product ratings. This trend has caught the attention of academic researchers and international regulatory bodies. Current methods for spotting fake reviews suffer from scalability and interpretability issues. This study focuses on identifying suspected fake reviews in the hospitality sector using a review aggregator platform. By combining features and leveraging various classifiers through a stacking architecture, we improve training outcomes. User-centric traits emerge as crucial in spotting fake reviews. Incorporating SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) enhances model interpretability. Our model consistently outperforms existing methods across diverse dataset sizes, proving its adaptable, explainable, and scalable nature. These findings hold implications for review platforms, decision-makers, and users, promoting transparency and reliability in reviews and decisions.

Self‐love, growth, and competition in a public good game

AbstractCompetition and cooperation are not always at odds and contributions to public goods are almost never one‐off one‐shot temporally isolated events. We examine voluntary contribution in a new public good experiment where “self‐love” competitive motivations and time dynamic interdependencies are simultaneously considered. The competitive motivations are manipulated via subjects competing in each group (intragroup competition) for higher return factors on their public expenditure, whereas time dynamic interdependencies are modeled by letting returns from previous periods available for future contributions to public goods (CG). We ran two control conditions where intragroup competition (C) and time dynamic interdependencies (G) are separately implemented. Our findings showed that shares of endowment contributed were significantly greater and increasing over time when endowments growth and heterogeneous returns factors were simultaneously introduced. This effect can be attributed to return factors obtained in previous periods. Accordingly, wealth exponential growth has been greatly accelerated relative to our control condition. Distributive equity concerns have been also documented. Although Gini coefficients were significantly lower in the presence of heterogeneous return factors and endowments growth, inequality trends seemed to converge at control condition values in the long term.

Competition and Collaboration in Crowdsourcing Communities: What Happens When Peers Evaluate Each Other?

Crowdsourcing has evolved as an organizational approach to distributed problem solving and innovation. As contests are embedded in online communities and evaluation rights are assigned to the crowd, community members face a tension: They find themselves exposed to both competitive motives to win the contest prize and collaborative participation motives in the community. The competitive motive suggests they may evaluate rivals strategically according to their self-interest, the collaborative motive suggests they may evaluate their peers truthfully according to mutual interest. Using field data from Threadless on 38 million peer evaluations of more than 150,000 submissions across 75,000 individuals over 10 years and two natural experiments to rule out alternative explanations, we answer the question of how community members resolve this tension. We show that as their skill level increases, they become increasingly competitive and shift from using self-promotion to sabotaging their closest competitors. However, we also find signs of collaborative behavior when high-skilled members show leniency toward those community members who do not directly threaten their chance of winning. We explain how the individual-level use of strategic evaluations translates into important organizational-level outcomes by affecting the community structure through individuals’ long-term participation. Although low-skill targets of sabotage are less likely to participate in future contests, high-skill targets are more likely. This suggests a feedback loop between competitive evaluation behavior and future participation. These findings have important implications for the literature on crowdsourcing design, and the evolution and sustainability of crowdsourcing communities. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-1514283] and the U.S. Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-17-1-2542]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15163 .

The Relationships Between Personality Traits and Online Game Playing Motivations Amongst College Students

As studies focusing on the psychological dynamics of multiplayer realistic battle games in Malaysia is quite limited, the present study attempts to investigate the relationships between personality traits and online game-playing (PUBG; Player Unknown’s Battle Ground) motivations amongst college students. A total of 200 students who are actively playing voluntarily answered the Mini-IPIP (Mini-International Personality Item Pool Scales) (Donellan et al, 2006) and Motivation for Play (Yee, 2006) to measure personality traits and types of motivation in playing online games. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted and the results indicated that the most prevalent personality traits among the players are Agreeableness followed by Extraversion. In addition, Escapism and Social are the strongest reasons reported for playing the PUBG. Males are significantly higher in Advancement, Mechanics, Customization and Discovery in-game motivation as compared to females. Significant correlations are found in a few analyses, namely Extraversion was positively related with Advancement motivation, and Agreeableness was positively related to Teamwork motivation. Lastly, Conscientiousness was positively related with Competition motivation. The results further supported the personality and in-game motivation for future research directions.

Comparing Drinking Game Motives, Behaviors, and Consequences Among Varsity Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Student-Athletes: A Multisite University Study.

Among college students, student-athletes are at increased risk for heavy alcohol consumption, participation in risky drinking practices (e.g., playing drinking games [DG]), and adverse alcohol-related consequences relative to non-student-athletes. Within the student-athlete population, level of sports participation (e.g., recreational or varsity sports) can affect alcohol use behaviors and consequences, but our understanding of the extent to which level of sports participation influences engagement in DG is limited. Thus, in the present study, we examined differences in frequency of participation in DG, typical drink consumption while playing DG, negative DG consequences, and motives for playing DG among varsity, recreational, and non-student-athletes. College students (n = 7,901 across 12 U.S. colleges/universities) completed questionnaires on alcohol use attitudes, behaviors, and consequences. Student-athletes (recreational or varsity sports) were more likely to have participated in DG within the past month than non-student-athletes. Among students who reported past-month DG play, recreational athletes played more often and endorsed more enhancement/thrills motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes, and student-athletes (recreational or varsity) endorsed higher levels of competition motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes. These findings shed light on some risky drinking patterns and motives of recreational athletes who are often overlooked and under-resourced in health research and clinical practice. Recreational and varsity student-athletes could benefit from alcohol screening and prevention efforts, which can include provision of competitive and alcohol-free social activities and promotion of alcohol protective behavioral strategies to help reduce recreational athletes' risk for harm while playing DG.

Online gaming motives, family relationships, and personality among Indian youth

Background: Youth involvement in gaming has become an important concern for mental health professionals due to its significant impact on functionality and relationships. However, the gaming motives and associated family relationships and personality traits in the Indian context are poorly understood. Aim: The study examined problematic online gaming, including Internet gaming disorder in connection to gaming motives and personality, especially as they impact family relationships among Indian youth. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 179 participants (86 males; 93 females) with the age range of 18–25 years who were involved in Internet gaming in the last 1 year. The subjects were recruited using an online survey. Tools used were brief and included the Gaming Usage Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form, Motivation for Online Gaming Questionnaire UCLA Loneliness Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Brief Family Relationships Questionnaire, and MINI International Personality Item Pool. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.99 ± 2.202 years. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that escape and competition motives, low cohesion in family relationships, low level of conscientiousness, and low level of intellect/imagination contributed to problematic gaming behaviors. Conclusions: The study established a relationship between gaming motives and both internal and external factors associated with problematic online gaming. Generalizing the findings across a larger youth population would help in developing informed preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing a gaming disorder.

Unlocking play willingness: the dual pathways of curiosity drive and downward social comparison in game advertising.

The integrity and clarity of information have long been regarded as the cornerstones of advertising strategy. However, recent game advertising has taken a different approach. Specifically, incomplete game videos, especially those showcasing losing gameplay, are more likely to stimulate players' interest compared to complete videos of winning gameplay. This study, through five experiments, uncovers a dual-pathway mechanism behind this phenomenon. Firstly, information gaps resulting from incomplete videos trigger curiosity drive, compelling viewers to seek more information and reinforcing their willingness to engage in gaming. Secondly, witnessing failures in game demonstrations activates components of downward social comparison and competitive motivation. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of game advertising, shedding light on the effects of information gaps, curiosity, and social comparison. They provide valuable implications for advertising strategies within the gaming industry.

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives, Practices and Challenges

Efforts have been made to include artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning; nevertheless,the successful deployment of new instructional technology depends on the attitudes of the teachers who conductthe lesson. Few scholars have researched teachers' perspectives on AI use due to a general lack of expertise on howit can be used in the classroom, as well as a lack of specific knowledge about what AI-adopted tools would be like.This study investigated mathematics teachers’ perceptions of implemented AI systems and applications in AbuDhabi Emirate schools. The sample study consists of 580 male and female math teachers from public and privateschools across three educational regions in Abu Dhabi selected based on several qualifications and experiences.The research followed the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability to the study’s context. The resultsrevealed that AI could be used as an educational tool to facilitate teaching and develop students’ performance byincluding AI systems and applications in the curricula. They increased motivation for learning, encouragingchallenge, competition, and suspense among students and considering their differences. The results also showedthe most critical challenges that math teachers face in applying AI systems and applications, the most prominent ofwhich are the need to exert more effort than the traditional method when using different AI systems andapplications and the pressures placed on them, which prevent them from using AI in teaching. Additionally, thefindings revealed no statistically significant differences in mathematics teachers’ perspectives regarding theimportance of using systems and applications of AI in teaching; however, statistically significant differences werefound in the math teachers’ challenges when applying AI systems and applications in teaching according to theeducational qualifications, especially among math teachers who have masters’ degrees. These results can be usedas a foundation for creating guidelines for the future integration of AI education in schools since they reportteachers’ experiences utilizing the system and various considerations regarding its implementation

Internationalization of renewable energy base businesses with a combined approach to networking and collaborative competition

The global transition towards renewable energy sources necessitates the internationalization of renewable energy businesses to effectively address the growing demand and capitalize on emerging market opportunities. However, lacking a robust operational model tailored specifically to this field poses considerable challenges. Addressing these gaps, this study presents a powerful framework that combines networking and collaborative competition strategies to facilitate the international expansion of renewable energy businesses.Through a questionnaire survey of 70 managers from energy companies with export experience, the collected data was analyzed using the partial least squares test. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of networking and collaborative competition on key factors such as entrepreneurial opportunity, competition motivation, and existing renewable energy technologies. Moreover, the model highlights the significance of partnerships, alliances, and cooperative ventures in fostering cross-border collaboration and overcoming market entry barriers. The implications of this research contribute to the theoretical understanding of internationalization strategies in the renewable energy domain and provide practical guidance for renewable energy entrepreneurs and policy-makers seeking to navigate the complex dynamics of the global marketplace. Ultimately, this model offers a comprehensive framework that enables renewable energy-based businesses to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and competitive international landscape.

Penerapan Metode Team Games Tournament Guna Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas 5 SD 067090 Jl. Halat Kota Medan

After the passing of the Covid-19 Pandemic, it gave new impacts and challenges in the world of teaching and learning, especially for grade 5 students at SD 067090 Halat who experienced a decrease in their interest in learning. The main factor for this to happen is distance learning which makes students spend more time with smartphones. The impact after the pandemic was over, students became lazy to study at school. This decrease in learning interest affects the final grades of students later. This cannot be allowed to continue because it will not only affect the final grades of students but will also affect the development of students' traits, attitudes and ethics. The problem that exists in grade 5 students at SD Negeri 067090 is the decline in student interest in learning. The monotonous class atmosphere with only material explanations and doing assignments is one of the reasons students feel bored studying in class. Team Games Tournament is a learning procedure that provides opportunities for groups to compete with other groups so that students are passionate about learning. The system applied in this method emphasizes games (games) as learning activities that aim to spur the motivation and spirit of competition in students both physically and mentally with predetermined rules so as to make students enthusiastic during the learning process.

Remembrances of things past: evidence from a twenty-year Kerala panel

ABSTRACTWe construct a panel of 242 households from five consecutive Kerala Migration Surveys that span 20 years at five-year intervals to study the fundamental determinants of the decision to migrate abroad as well as the decision to remit. Accounting for time-invariant unobservables and allowing migration and remittance behavior to depend upon previous choices clarifies our understanding of both decisions. Migration and remittance behavior display positive serial correlation over a five-year time horizon and the presence of a return migrant in the household increases the likelihood of migration by 13% and remittances by 4%. Migration is 1% more likely in female-headed households, 4% less likely when the household head is employed, increases by 0.4% for each additional year of the household head's age and is 6% more likely in households that are asset-poor. Remittances are between 20% and 70% more likely to obtain when the migrant was married at the time of migration and 3% less likely when the household head is employed, the latter suggesting either an old-age security or a co-insurance motive. Evidence in favor of a very strong inheritance competition motive is found in that each additional male heir increases the likelihood of remittances by between 8% and 31%. Based on our econometric evidence, and in particular our findings pertaining to serial correlation and the presence of a return migrant in the household, it is likely that both migration from and remittances to Kerala will quickly rebound to their pre-pandemic levels.

The Role of Self-Control Dimensions, Game Motivation, Game Genre, and Game Platforms in Gaming Disorder: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings.

Gaming disorder (GD) is the result of an interplay between gaming-related factors, individual factors, and environmental factors. Current research primarily highlights single types of factors. Consequently, the present study simultaneously analyzed the role of individual factors, such as self-control dimensions and motives for gaming, and gaming-related factors, such as game genres, and gaming platforms in GD among female and male gamers. Additionally, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of these factors in relation to GD both cross-sectionally (Study 1) and longitudinally (Study 2). Study 1 comprised 620 active gamers (M=22.16 years; SD=2.99), and Study 2 comprised 405 active gamers (M=28.05 years; SD=4.51). The instruments used in the studies included the Gaming Disorder Test, the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire, Video Game Questionnaire, and Self-Knowledge New Sheet. The results showed that GD was associated with (i) self-control deficits associated with difficulties in implementation control and taking actions related to goals without unnecessary delay, (ii) retaining information about intentions and long-term plans, (iii) refraining from immediate, impulsive behavior, and (iv) inhibiting emotional reactions. GD was also associated primarily with escape, coping, and competition motives for gaming. However, the longitudinal study showed that social, fantasy, and skill-development motives were also related to GD development over time. The action game genres associated with GD but were not very important for GD over time. The cross-sectional study results indicated a negative relationship between GD and tablets and consoles used as gaming platforms. However, the longitudinal study showed that desktop computers and consoles use as gaming platforms were associated with the GD over time. Moreover, gaming-related factors explained only 9% of the variance in the GD model among female gamers and only 10% of the variance in the GD model among male gamers in cross-sectional study. In contrast, individual factors such as self-control dimensions and gaming motivation explained 32% of the variance in the GD model among both female and male gamers. Individual factors, such as self-control dimensions and motives for gaming, were more important in explaining GD than gaming-related factors, such as game genres and gaming platforms. Moreover, self-control deficits and motivation related to escape, coping and competence can be important factors to consider in the prevention and treatment of GD.