Competitiveness Of Russia Research Articles

КРЕАТИВНЫЕ ИНДУСТРИИ КАК СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИЙ СЕКТОР СФЕРЫ УСЛУГ

The modern economy is undergoing processes of structural transformation. The economies of developed countries go through these transformations somewhat earlier, and the economies of developing countries - with a time shift. At the same time, one of the general fundamental trends is a decrease in the share of traditional sectors, in particular industry, in the output structure. As a result, there is a transition to a post-industrial economy. The transformation processes do not end there. The quantitatively developing tertiary (service) sector of the economy is also changing its structure. It highlights the creative economy sector, which is based on creative industries. This is a specific sector of the modern service industry. The article analyzes the role of creative industries as a specific sector of the service sector in the context of the transition from an industrial type of production to a post-industrial one. The author emphasizes the influence of creative industries on economic development and innovation, based on an analysis of changes in the structure of employment and the specifics of consumption in developed countries. Particular attention is paid to how the expansion and deepening of creative industries contributes to economic progress, greater innovation and changes in the nature and structure of employment, transforming society as a whole. The article also examines trends in the development of creative industries and their ability to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the global market, emphasizing their role in the formation of a model of sustainable economic and social development. The need to strengthen government support for creative industries is pointed out, because they can become one of the key factors in ensuring Russia's competitiveness in a post-normal world.

Competitiveness of Russian exporters in the international market of steel products under the sanctions policy

The article summarizes information about the competitiveness of Russia in the world market of steel products. Export competitiveness index is calculated for the major net importers. The main elements of the current sanctions policy and their potential impact on Russia's position are identified and considered.

Proximity to the technological frontier as a factor of firms’ competitiveness in Russia

Goal: to identify and analyze the factors of Russian firms’ proximity to the technological frontier; the specifics of innovation activity of firms at different distances to the technological frontier; the relationship between the proximity of firms to the technological frontier and their competitiveness. Methodology: econometric analysis of data from a survey of over 700 firms in Russian non-energy industries conducted in 2019. Findings: the technological leadership of Russian firms is positively related to their size, market power, implementation of innovations, primarily process ones, as well as R&D funding, including those performed by external contractors. Borrowing of advanced technologies is characteristic of both lagging companies and leaders. However, the latter are more open to external knowledge and active in searching for advanced solutions and practices, primarily abroad. Foreign direct investment contributes to catching-up technological development rather than to gaining leadership. A positive relationship between the proximity of firms to the technological frontier and their competitiveness is revealed: technology leaders, other things being equal, are characterized by higher labor productivity and export activity. In addition, leading firms were more likely than others to increase their productivity, output, market share and exports. Originality and contribution of the authors: while much attention is paid in the modern economic literature to the competitiveness of firms and their distance to the technological frontier, these issues are rarely considered in relation to each other. The study partially fills this gap. The authors apply an innovative approach to determining the proximity of firms to the technological frontier, based on a combination of the level of technologies used and the novelty of products (services) produced. Characteristic features of Russian firms at different distances from the technological frontier and peculiarities of their innovative behavior are revealed It is shown that along with the introduction of advanced technologies Russian firms have other ways to ensure their competitiveness.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The article examines the economic impact of technological modernization of farming enterprises. The study analyzes the effects of implementing modern agricultural technologies and upgrading equipment on key econom- ic indicators such as labor productivity, production costs, and operational profitability. Examples of successful mod- ernization of farms in the Krasnodar region and international experience confirm the significant potential of precision farming and automated systems. The article also identifies the main barriers to technological modernization in Russia, including financial constraints, a shortage of qualified personnel, and a lack of accessible educational programs. Recommendations are provided for enhancing government support, simplifying access to credit, and developing edu- cational initiatives, emphasizing the importance of technological modernization for the sustainable development and competitiveness of Russia’s agricultural sector.

Elections and Immigration Policy in Autocracy: Evidence from Russia and Kazakhstan

AbstractWhy do some authoritarian states adopt more restrictive immigration policies than others? Much of the existing literature focuses on the politics of immigration in democracies, despite the presence of large-scale immigration to autocracies. In this article, I argue that the level of electoral competition can be a key factor in immigration policymaking in electoral autocracies. Autocrats who face high levels of electoral competition tend to impose immigration restrictions as a way of mobilizing anti-outgroup sentiment and boosting their own popularity. I test this hypothesis by conducting comparative case studies on Russia and Kazakhstan, both of which are major immigrant-receiving autocracies. Based on the analysis of original data gathered from 11 months of fieldwork in the two countries, I find that the relatively high level of electoral competition in Russia in the 2010s facilitated increased immigration restrictions, while Kazakhstan depoliticized labour immigrants and enacted a de facto open immigration policy in the absence of electoral competition.

Medindo o capital humano: quadro metodológico para avaliar a competitividade e o desenvolvimento econômico

ABSTRACT This article focused on the relationship between human capital (HC) and competitiveness in Russia. The study examined (1) the impact of investments in knowledge-intensive industries on the socio-economic development; (2) the impact of the share of employees; (3) the impact of religious factors on HC; and (4) the problems of forming H at innovative enterprises. At the national level, the investments in knowledge-intensive industries exert no effect on the country’s socio-economic development. The GDP growth was proved to be directly related to the people’s desire to improve their qualifications. The impact of cultural, educational, and health factors differ across regions.

Green energy through the LCOE indicator

Renewable energy development in Russia follows global trends with some delay. However, at the moment, a renewable energy production cluster has been formed, and the commissioning of 8.4 GW of capacity is planned until 2028, marking more than a twofold drop in capital expenditures under the power supply contracts program. The article calculated the LCOE indicator for three types of generation of wind farms, solar and small hydropower plants in 2021 based on the results of capacity selection at power supply contracts auctions, describes the primary factors and drivers of the decline in this indicator. Utilizing the chain substitution method, factors’ contribution to the change in the LCOE indicator in 2021 were calculated, which marked more than 105 % of the contribution of capital expenditures to the change in the indicator. Analysis of the last power supply contracts program revealed the Efficiency indicator of a renewable energy generating facility (analogue of LCOE) dropped to 0,023 $/kWh for wind projects due to increased competition in Russia. It is shown that Russia notes similar worldwide trends of new solar and wind generation price reduction.

A Comparative Study on the Export Competitiveness of Rare Earth Products from China, the United States, Russia and India

This paper evaluates and compares the export competitiveness of rare-earth products from China, the US, Russia, and India between 2006 and 2020 using the CMS model and the WRCA index. The results show that (1) the competitiveness of the four countries’ rare-earth products has changed differently. The overall competitiveness of rare-earth products of China, the US, and India has decreased, whereas the competitiveness of Russia’s rare-earth products has increased. (2) The factors inhibiting the development of the competitiveness of rare-earth products in the four countries are different. In China and India they are market factors and product factors, in the US it is the overall market share factor, and in Russia it is the market factor. (3) The competitiveness of rare-earth products varies greatly among the four countries. China has the highest rare-earth export competitiveness, whereas the US has significantly lower export competitiveness of rare-earth products than China. Russia and India do not have comparative advantages. (4) The four countries have different trends in the evolution of the competitiveness of rare-earth products. The export competitiveness of rare-earth products of China and India tends to decline, whereas that of the United States and Russia tends to rise. Based on the above findings, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

The impact of government regulation on the Russian competitiveness within global “green” economy in conditions of sanctions

The aim of this paper is the study of the impact of state tax regulation on the competitiveness level of the Russian economy taking into account the development of “green” initiatives in the current conditions of sanctions pressure. This research includes the analysis of current positions of key countries promoting the initiative of “green” economy at the global level, and key beneficiaries of implemented mechanism are considered. Additionally, the situation in the Russian economy has been outlined within the global “green” economy with suggestions of the most efficient position for the national economy within the current situation. Moreover, this research includes the analysis of “green” economy concept development, its promotion and implementation by countries with the usage of different indicators for results measuring of economies by global “green” rankings.

Development of Measures to Combat Unfair Competition in Russia

The activities of the Federal Antimonopoly Service to combat unfair competition are one of the important areas for ensuring the development of the country's economy. The emergence of new types of unfair competition requires updating and methods of combating it. The research methodology is based on the use of such theoretical models of state control as a punitive model, a model of cooperation, a model of procedural fairness and a risk-oriented model, as well as methods of strategic and project management, organizational and structural reform. The activities of the FAS Russia to suppress manifestations of unfair competition, cartels, anti-competitive agreements with the participation of authorities, including using digital technologies, were studied.Proposed and justified measures aimed at simplifying the procedure for submitting applications of citizens to the FAS Russia; strengthening public control; protection consumer from manifestations of unfair competition.

기후 위기의 대응방안으로써 원자력 발전(發電)

Concerns about global climate change such as ‘global warming’ and ‘greenhouse effects’ have evolved into a desperate expression “climate crisis” in today. Accordingly, the UN adopted the ‘Paris Agreement’ in 2015, and calling for all countries to implement concrete action plans and practices to realize the goal of the ‘Net Zero’(Carbon Neutral 2050). This is the reason why the voices claiming the usefulness of nuclear power generation or the inevitability of nuclear power generation are increasing at home and abroad in recent years. The European Union classified nuclear power plants as a green taxonomy, and the United States is reconsidering its interest in nuclear power plants. Korea has been pursuing a policy to phase out nuclear power for the past five years, but the new government is foreshadowing a policy shift to actively utilize nuclear power. This study examines the nuclear industry, which is attracting attention again as a way to cope with the climate crisis and meet realistic energy demand, through the cases of Russia and France. As of 2022, Russia is evaluated as a country with the world's best capabilities and competitiveness in the nuclear sector. The EU's nuclear powerhouse France has developed a nuclear industry as a driving force for its energy security and economic development. Furthermore, the two countries are highly trusted and boast the highest competitiveness as suppliers of nuclear power plants to emerging countries seeking to introduce nuclear power plants. Korea also has experience in exporting nuclear power plants to the UAE and is seeking to export more nuclear power plants at the national level. This is why this study examines the nuclear power plant industry and competitiveness of Russia and France. This study analyzes both instrumental nuclear power plants as a countermeasure against the climate crisis and nuclear power plants as the basis for national economic development.

Regulating the international activities of Russian higher education institutions

One of the key conditions for increasing of Russian education competitiveness in the international market is the active involvement of universities in various international cooperation forms. For this purpose, an analysis of international, federal, local normative legal acts regulating the international activities of Russian higher education institutions was carried out. The international aspect was considered using a comparative legal analysis of agreements between Russia and other countries. The article presents the results of the analysis of the principles of international agreements regulating the educational process in Russian universities. According to the research, a model, regulating the international activities of Russia’s universities, was analysed. The study of regulatory legal acts in Russia’s higher education led to the conclusion about the legislation elaboration level, to outline the prospects for development and the possibility of expanding the domestic universities international activities.

COMPETITIVENESS OF RUSSIA IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

Тhis article discusses the main aspects and problems of the competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the international arena. In the context of the global crisis phenomena, the problem of the formation of sustainable competitiveness has acquired particular relevance due to the increase in the variability of the external environment. In the context of the intensification of the struggle for each country, the task of maintaining and improving its own competitiveness comes to the fore. Its most important manifestations are the transnationalization of entrepreneurial activities of firms and the rapid development of information technologies, which largely determine the competitiveness of the subjects of the world economy. For the current period, the main problems of Russia's competitiveness are: a low level of quality of state institutions, indicators of investment in traditional and technological infrastructure, in education and continuous professional development of the workforce (it is specialists with technical education that the economy needs), indicators of the state of infrastructure (the degree of compliance of market infrastructure with business needs, the development of basic, technological, scientific, information and social infrastructure), therefore, the relevance of the study is justified by Russia's low positions as a competitive state on the world stage, while having high economic, political and resource potential, as well as the main center of gravity of foreign investment. One of the proposed options is to increase the level of competitiveness. This model will allow us to achieve the main goal of the study - to improve Russia's competitiveness in the international market.

Возможности и перспективы продвижения российских IT-технологий, искусственного интеллекта и кибербезопасности в страны АСЕАН

The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the export of Russian information technologies (IT) and cooperation in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity with the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The article discusses the request of the ASEAN countries in the field of AI and cybersecurity, the level of development of the digital economy in this region and its impact on the prospects for Russian IT-exports; in addition, the structure and dynamics of Russian IT-exports to the world market are presented. The scientific novelty lies in the reassessment of the prospects for cooperation between Russia and the ASEAN countries in the field of IT, AI and cybersecurity. As a result, the factors influencing the competitiveness of Russia in the field of IT were identified and the leading Russian IT-companies and their experience in the global market were analyzed. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the prospects for the export of Russian IT and cooperation in the field of AI and cybersecurity with the ASEAN countries.

УЧАСТНИЦА ШАНХАЙСКОГО ЖЕНСКОГО КВАРТЕТА ЛИНЬ ИНЬЖУН. ГОДЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

This article focuses on the life and creative activities of the famous Chinese cellist Lin Yingyong (born in March 1933), a graduate of the Moscow Conservatory (1959), who devoted her life to performing in a string ensemble and teaching. She and her colleagues became the founders of the Shanghai Women's Quartet. At the same time, Lin Yingyong was a professor of the Shanghai Conservatory, where she worked with young musicians over half a century. During this time, she produced a vast number of cello textbooks, pieces of play-books and cello arrangements such as "Cello Exercises", "Selected Cello Concertos for Young People" and many others, which were well received by teachers and young performers. Lin Yingyong has educated many students of different ages, from schoolchildren to undergraduate and postgraduate students. These include Lan Jie (first prize at the Piatigorsk Youth Competition in Los Angeles in 1980), Li Bo (special prize at the IXth Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1990), Yang Manganse (second prize), and Xie Guangyu (third prize) at the International Prokofiev Competition in Russia in 1996.

Constitutional judicial control in the mechanism of legal protection of the political competition in Russia

Constitutional judicial control in the mechanism of legal protection of the political competition in Russia

БЕРЕЖЛИВОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: СТРАТЕГИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study on the current problems facing educational organizations due to the introduction of Western sanctions, and the ways to solve them productively through the implementation of the concept of lean education. New challenges to educational organizations in the current context are described, possible avenues to modernize the Russian education system are proposed, including a possible solution to the problematic situation. The issues of fostering lean culture and lean thinking in teachers and students are touched upon. Materials and methods. The methodological framework for the research is the concept of lean production. The study substantiates the need and the possibility of implementing this concept in the educational sphere, and demonstrates the potential of Lean technologies to improve the efficiency and quality of educational activity. An attempt is made to raise topical research issues of the implementation of the lean production principles in education, which are insufficiently represented in the scientific literature. Research results. The examination of the initial experience of rational economic behavior of educational organizations under sanctions involves an analysis of examples, methods, and prospects for the development of the concept of lean education. Various aspects of functioning of the educational organizations under sanctions are touched upon, which force them to search and find effective means of solving current and potential problems. The study shows that in today’s context, educational organizations should pay more attention to the issues of economy, rational use of resources, import substitution, and, at the same time, contribute to shaping a lean personality type, which is a strategic direction for ensuring economic independence, sovereignty, and competitiveness of Russia and its education system. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the conceptualization of the lean education model and its practical implementation in the national education can and should be a relevant response to Western sanctions. The practicality of creating a lean culture and lean thinking as one of the key factors of sustainable socio-economic development of the country is argued.

Assessment of Nexus between energy consumption and sustainable development in Russian Federation: A disaggregate analysis

Russia's competitiveness and productivity encounter the intense environmental challenges due to the reckless fossil fuel consumption, putting this country's long-run sustainability at risk. Despite this, this country intends to achieve the sustainable development goal by cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 70% of its 1990 level as pledged in the Paris Agreement in 2016. This research assesses the relationship between disaggregate (renewable and non-renewable) energy consumption and sustainable development within the purview of financial, demographic and country risk indicators using annual time-series data from 1990 to 2020. This paper utilizes an augmented ARDL approach to co-integration and a dynamic ARDL simulation model to detect counterfactual forecasting shocks to the predictor variables and their effects on the predicted indicator. The study's findings divulge that renewable energy consumption escalates the sustainable development in the long run, whereas non-renewable energy consumption declines. Then again, urbanization and political terror scale (PTS) have a long-term adverse effect on sustainable development. On the other hand, financial openness substantially exerts a favorable long-term influence on sustainable development. Therefore, this study suggests shifting to generous renewable energy usage to ease the adverse effect of non-renewable energy consumption on the sustainable development in Russia.

Конкурентоспособность - основа экономической безопасности России

Introduction. The study of the problem in the theory of state and law is due to a number of reasons, among which the main place is Russia's exit from the global recession of recent years, characterized by the loss of competitive positions in the international market, which remains relevant to the stated problems. The competitiveness and tax system of the Russian Federation are considered as an important indicator of the effectiveness of using the economic and political potential of the country, affecting the economic security of the state. Purpose. In the analysis of the tax system and Russia's competitiveness in the international structure, from the point of view of economic security, for the purpose of assessing the reality of sovereignty, attention is focused in the article and conclusions are drawn. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is made up of the dialectical principles of cognition of social reality, general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy. The following methods were used in the work: pluralistic, systemic-structural, axiological, comparative legal, predetermined by the features of the subject of scientific research. Results. The work emphasizes the importance of tax revenues with increasing competitiveness in modern conditions, when the variability and dynamism of environmental factors reach the highest degree compared with periods of stability both within the country and abroad. The author concludes that the formation of the potential ability of business entities to compete and achieve effective results in an environment created by sovereign policy is complicated by the need for market participants to constantly adapt to changing conditions. Conclusion. The results obtained on the study of indicators of the impact of competitiveness and taxes on ensuring economic security can have practical and theoretical significance for the subject of any field of application, for example, law, politics, economics. The theoretical material contained in the work is of interest for further scientific research on the issue under study, can be used in lectures and practical classes.

Protection of Geographical Indications in International Trade: Prospects for Russia

Geographical indications (GIs) represent the intellectual property rights, which protection could play a significant role in the increasing regional and national trade. The paper reveals the impact of protected GIs on international trade and provides certain recommendations for Russia. There is an evident gap in the study of the GIs effect on the development of trade links, especially for Russian enterprises. The paper applies the gravity model of trade and tests three hypotheses, whether the more protected geographical indications both exporting and importing countries have, the higher the volume of export of GI protected goods going out of this particular country and whether the existence of a trade agreement with specific provisions on the GIs protection increases trade between its members. The findings support one hypothesis that the more protected GIs the exporting country has, the higher the volume of exports of GI protected goods. Based on this result, we analyse the current situation of the GIs protection in Russia and indicate the positive trends in development of the national legislation and modern challenges in the implementation of GIs protection for the national development. The federal and regional support as well as the changes in the business strategies could lead to an increase in the Russian competitiveness. GIs could encourage the brand origin and promote the Russian products on the foreign markets.