Competitive Experience Research Articles

An Auto-netnographic Approach to Understanding Alternate Gaming Accounts: How Smurfing Impacts the Prosumer Experience in Counter-Strike:Global Offensive

Esport-based game titles, such as Counter-Strike:Global Offensive, represent platforms where players simultaneously consume and produce content as prosumers. Through peer-to-peer presumption, these players co-create value between themselves to drive a range of emotional and social outcomes. Smurfing is the act of higher skilled players utilizing alternate game accounts to play with lower skilled players resulting in unbalanced competitive experiences. This study combines an auto-netnographic approach with interviews to provide novel insights on this pervasive phenomenon. Through combining perspectives of regular players and those who engage in smurfing, three key themes are identified. Smurfing is embedded within gaming platforms, driven by complex motivations, and framed as cheating according to perspective.

A lifelong (Informal) Learning Experience in Architectural Design Education: The Case of KBU Department of Architecture with Competitions

In Today's conditions, where the information flow is intense, it is known that the education given only in schools is insufficient for architectural education, and the importance of individual development outside of school is increasing. Competitions, whose educational contributions many studies also draw attention to, are one of the essential alternatives for this personal development. It is vital to raise architecture students’ awareness by motivating them to improve their individual experiences thanks to competitions. In this context, a series of competition experiences were held with Karabük University (KBU) architecture students with a promising approach, which is not uncommon in the architectural education process. These national-level competitions based on different contexts were carried out under the authors’ design studio studies. A survey study on these competition experiences has been conducted with contestant and non-contestant students. The survey results were evaluated within the framework of the observations made during the competition and the information obtained from similar studies in the literature mentioned here. As a consequence of this study, positive outcomes were obtained, especially in terms of students' self-confidence and collaboration, with the experimental research carried out at the intersection of professional experience and lifelong learning. It has also been confirmed that competition experiences are an essential motivational tool.

상품공간분석을 이용한 한·UAE·이스라엘 삼각 경제협력 유망분야 연구

The Abraham Accords agreed between the UAE and Israel in 2020 have rapidly developed economic cooperation between the two countries. Despite the economic complementarity between the UAE and Israel in terms of technology and capital resources, they have been seeking trilateral cooperation with third countries due to their small markets and lack of manufacturing capabilities. Korea is an important candidate for their trilateral economic cooperation as it has competitive experience in commercializing cutting-edge technology and strong manufacturing competence. This paper explores potential areas for trilateral economic cooperation to maximize economic complementarity among Korea, the UAE, and Israel. Specifically, the Product Space analysis with BACI trade data suggests potential areas of cooperation for each scenario to increase economic complexity and exports or to decrease import dependency based on each country’s comparative advantage and import demand structure.

The Role of School Autonomy in Promoting Collaboration and Competition Among Schools

This article aims to determine the impact of education management reforms on school autonomy in encouraging collaboration and competition between schools conducted in Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi. This qualitative case study research was conducted over two months using data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 school principals in Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi, who were selected using purposeful sampling. Data analysis used triangulation techniques. The results showed that government decisions related to school autonomy and similar matters significantly influence relationships (collaboration and competition) between schools. The implications of these findings trigger a discussion on the impact of education management reforms aimed at increasing school autonomy in the context of school-to-school relationships. This study showed that educational management associated with school autonomy significantly influences relationships between schools. Decreasing the role of the state and increasing school autonomy exert different effects on school-to-school relationships depending on the governance model adopted. This study also shows that the experience of school collaboration and competition depends largely on the current policy of reorganizing school networks in cities and districts.

Eating Behaviours in Sportswomen from the Silesian Training in Different Sports Disciplines.

The study covered a group of girls and young women from the Silesian, Poland, who represented three sports disciplines (volleyball, athletics, and gymnastics), of which 30 girls were used as a control group (B). The study was conducted using a study questionnaire. The study participants ate regularly and consumed all food groups during a week. The majority of girls from A1 (83.33%), A3 (53.33%), and B (80%) groups expressed their dissatisfaction with their body weight. In the group of gymnasts, a positive correlation was noted between the need to reduce body weight and regular eating (r = 0.449; p = 0.013). In the group of volleyball players, it was demonstrated that the higher the competitive experience and the greater the training load, the more regular their eating was (r = 0.475; p = 0.009). The importance of a diagnosis of early signs of eating disorders in girls and women as a basic component contributing to FAT development implies that further studies in this area, as well as education of the entire sports circle are necessary.

INFLUENCE OF JUDO WOMANS AGE ON SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE IN THE TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES 2020

Purpose: to analyse the results of the selection and performance of judo womans at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 depending on their age indicators. Material and methods. During the study of this direction of research the following methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of competition protocols of the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, analysis of the world ranking of elite athletes according to the IJF. Linear regression analysis was used to represent the relative age as one of the indicators of measuring the success of elite judo womans. Results: The total number of female judo womans - 1444, in all weight categories, who participated in the selection for the TOG-2020 and 192 athletes who performed at the TOG-2020 were studied based on data from the official website of the International Judo Federation. After analysing the performances of 192 female athletes at the TOG-2020, it can be seen that the percentage of younger than average age judo womans was 59% (113 athletes), and older than average age judo womans - 41% (79 athletes). After a comparative analysis of the relatively younger average age of female athletes who passed the selection with those who passed it for the TOG-2020, it can be seen that the percentage of younger judo womans is only 9%, while the percentage of older judo womans relative to the average age of judo womans is 43%. This may be due to the fact that older relative to the average age female athletes can be much higher in the direction of cognitive development (decision-making, abstract thinking, creativity, acquisition of competitive experience and psychological factors) than younger relative to the average age female athletes, who mostly use this selection to gain competitive experience. Further analysis showed that younger female athletes who took part in the TOG-2020 are only 9% of all judo woman who passed the selection. While the number of older judo womans relative to the average age is 41% of all those who have been selected for the TOG-2020. Having a gap in age from 20 to 42 years, high-class female athletes who took part in the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 have a peak age of 28-31 years. Conclusions. Thus, older judo womans should spend less time to win than younger athletes. Gaining with age the experience necessary to participate in high-ranking competitions, it is necessary to take into account that the functional capabilities of athletes decrease with age.

The Commercial Value of Frisbee Sport Development

Frisbee sports has attracted more and more players to join because of its unique "frisbee spirit" and good sports competitive experience, and it has also become one of the fastest growing sports today. China's first Frisbee League will open in August 2022. This is a national mass sports event organized by the State Sports General Administration before the 14th National Fitness Day under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control. The promotion and development of Frisbee sports have already become an important manifestation of the national will. Frisbee sports itself has the characteristics of entertainment, economy, safety and fitness, which makes it constantly approaching the people's field of vision, and at the same time it has become a potential operation target of major brand companies. This paper deeply explores the potential of Frisbee sports in the development of industrialization, and provides a theoretical reference for the promotion of Frisbee sports in my country.

International orienteering experts’ consensus on the definition, development, cause, impact and methods to reduce mental fatigue in orienteering: A Delphi study

ABSTRACT Orienteering is an outdoor activity wherein participants use a map and compass to locate control points and choose the quickest path to the next control point in a natural environment. Attentional focus, rapid decision-making, and high aerobic fitness may influence orienteering performance. Therefore, this research aimed to seek international orienteering expert consensus regarding the definition, development, causes, influences and methods to reduce mental fatigue (MF) in orienteering based on practical experience. Following ethical approval, a three-round Delphi survey was conducted online with twenty-four orienteering coaches and athletes (or former athletes) from 10 different countries with international orienteering competition experience. The threshold of consensus was ≥ 70% agreement among respondents. The experts agreed that MF exists in daily life and orienteering with a substantial negative effect on their conscious decision-making performance and psychological responses. The experts disagreed that the form of MF that athletes experienced in orienteering training are similar to the competition. However, there was no agreement that MF would impact endurance and high-speed running performance during orienteering. This research refines the definition of MF and summarises the distinctions in what causes MF in orienteering training and competition, implying that MF should be addressed separately.

E-sports vs. Exams

Abstract Many Chinese students dislike hyper-competitive public school exams but find competing in e-sports games enjoyable. Some students are perceived to game ‘too much’ by their parents, who, anxious about gaming's impact on their grades, send their children to treatment camps for ‘Internet addiction’. This article documents parents’ and student-gamers’ experiences of competition in China's formal education system, online gaming, and professional e-sports. As student-gamers move between these competitive arenas, they develop counter-hegemonic understandings of what competition does and reconfigure their sense of self. Their movements reveal that, far from a symptom of neoliberal ideology, the prevalence of competition in China marks dialectical interactions between various ideologies and the lived experience of competitive practices. This finding contradicts simplistic conflations of competition and neoliberal economic models.

THE ROLE OF A LEADER IN THE SUCCESS OF A SPORTS TEAM

The aim of the research is to reveal the role and activity of the leader in various sports, the characteristics of his behavioral manifestation. Research problems are to study leadership as a socio-psychological phenomenon, to determine the role of leadership in the sports process, to study the individual psychological features of the leader, to find out the characteristic features of leadership behavior in sports teams. Some personal aspects of the leaders' behavior that affect the success of the sports team have been analyzed in the article. The main types of leadership have also been analyzed, with the help of which the leading role of leadership in sports teams is established. Steady manifestations of the leader's behavior, psychological reliability, as well as possession of willpower and abilities, increase the effectiveness of sports activities in the team. The above mentioned factors determine the role and style of the leader in the team: Leader-performer (executive), situational leader, leading organizer, mixed style leader. The role of the leader is highly appreciated in the sports process; the importance of the latter is especially obvious in gaming teams. Thus, we may conclude that the leaders in the groups are mainly athletes at an older age who have extensive sports and competitive experience or differ in their behavioral indicators.

Mobile game Marketing Strategy: A Case study of PUBG mobile

This article focuses on the current mobile gaming market and state of the art. At the same time, some current marketing strategies for mobile games are discussed. Many of these methods are widely used. This post focuses on PUBG Mobile. PUBG mobile is a domestic mobile game with anti-terrorism military competition experience type developed by Tencent Photon Studio Group. Moreover, through the four P's method, namely product, price, promotion, and place, the marketing strategy of the PUBG mobile is analyzed. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the PUBG mobile and the forms of income. For example, PUBG mobile followed by IP linkage, to give the audience players to different IP linkage effect. It not only propagandizes the IP, but also let the players experience more gameplay, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone. In addition, the PUBG mobile faces problems. It's overpriced, it's one-dimensional. A lot of players who are less willing to pay don't get relatively beautiful skins. Finally, some suggestions for the future marketing strategies of this game are put forward.

The Role of Perceived Sports Competence and Sport Anxiety in Determining Self-Talk in Elite Athletes

The purpose of our research was to investigate the role of sport anxiety and perceived sports competence in determining the utilization of self-talk in elite athletes. Fifty six female (X̅age=24.62±3.40) and 65 male (X̅age=24.50±6.50); a total of 121 (X̅age=24.56±5.28) athletes who have at least three years of competitive experience and have previously represented Turkey with the national athlete title at international sports competitions were voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were given a personal information form along with the sports competence subscale of the physical self-description questionnaire which was developed by Marsh Richards, Johnson, Roche and Tremayne (1994) and adapted into Turkish by Marsh, Asci and Marco in 2002; the sport anxiety scale which was developed by Smith, Smoll, Cumming and Grossbard (2006) and adapted into Turkish by Akyol, Altintas, Sezer and Asci in 2016; the self-talk questionnaire which was developed by Zervas, Stavrou and Psychountaki (2007) for the purpose of determining athletes’ self-talk forms and was adapted into Turkish by Engur in 2011. After exploring a normally distributed data, the hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the role of sports competence and sports anxiety in predicting the athletes' self-talk types. As a result of the research, statistically significant differences in both sports competence and self-talk usage levels were found between groups according to sport type and a statistically significant relationship was found in predicting motivational self-talk for both competition experience and sport type.

ROLE STRAIN THEORY: APPLICABILITY IN UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCES OF INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR ACROBATIC GYMNASTS

It is well established that elite sports performers encounter multiple stressors during their careers. However, limited research has specifically investigated developmental, organisational, and competitive transitional experiences of international junior elite athletes. Through the application of Role Strain Theory (RST), this study extended the sport talent development literature by providing key insights into the experiences of five highly successful Great Britain (GB) junior international acrobat gymnasts, aged 14-17. It explored how they simultaneously combined multiple sport, family and educational role demands during their pre-elite to elite transition and coped with these complex demands. Derived themes from semi-structured retrospective interviews identified a presence of chronic, but low level and manageable role strain during all transitional stages, which enabled positive acrobatic development, life satisfaction, physical and mental well-being and educational progress. All reported how severity and regularity of role strain, specifically overload and conflict, at times fluctuated intermittently during the early teenage years. It was at this point when increased role strain was reported to meet family commitments due to increased training and competition schedules. Challenges faced in maintaining healthy and compatible friendships, particularly with peers outside of acrobatics and school settings, were further sources of role strain during this time. Three key factors which regulated role strain were present in all participant narratives: early internalised acrobatic identity, acrobatic specialisation by very young age and social and tangible guidance from teachers and coaches in support of the athletes’ holistic development. Potential further research and limitations are discussed.

Climbing – between athletic performance and psychological performance

" The aim of this research is to investigate different aspects of the functioning of the psychological system of performance climbers in Romania. We look for correlations between the concepts of competitive anxiety, self-esteem, motivation, willingness to take sports risks and age, sport experience and competitive experience, performance level. We also try to find out if the first contacts with the climbing world resulted in a favouring of the environment in which the athlete chooses his/her performance goals. Specifically, we aim to divide climbers into two categories, those with a passion for panel climbing (indoor) and those with a passion for rock climbing (outdoor). We did not distinguish between the bouldering challenge and the difficult challenge. In addition, we want to analyse the level of competitive anxiety of athletes in national climbing in order to objectify again the idea that the coach and sport psychologist must be able to identify, in the crucial moments before and during the competition, which athletes need motivation, which ones are anxious, which ones feel good and which ones can be left alone. We can classify athletes who need relaxation, activation or mindfulness sessions. Objectives: • Identifying the performance level of Romanian climbing athletes at the moment; • Highlighting the motivational dimensions of performance climbers in relation to the practice of the sport; • Investigating the passion for indoor versus outdoor climbing, with implications on the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-esteem; • Knowing the level of competitive anxiety, with a focus on the fine delineation between being debilitating or facilitating for athletes. Methodology: The research method used was the application of instruments (psychological tests and an opinion questionnaire). The test was administered between January-March 2020, online via google docs, on 28 performance climbers, aged between 13 and 48 years, female and male, juniors and seniors. Results: The climber's personality shines through on the rock (outdoors), where the desirability, and if it exists, is not a social one, but is a genuine desire to push your own limits, to face difficult challenges, to feel danger, to develop your wits and to know where to stop. These concepts correspond entirely to intrinsic motivation and a more mature personality, both in social and sporting terms, from this maturity a fundamental dimension of which is the match between real possibilities and aspirations. Conclusion: Rock climbing involves bringing out the authentic self when you are with yourself, compared to a sports competition held at the panel that highlights a socially constructed self, adapted to the fans, an image and smiles to support your image in the sporting world. In other words, avid rock athletes will train at the panel with low anxiety looking at these workouts only as technical drills for the future challenges they will face at the cliff. They are less reliant on extrinsic motivation when conducting their training on the panel, keeping it somewhere in the background for what they consider their own goals. For those for whom the stakes are to increase the difficulty of their rock routes, those will be the situations where they will have higher anxiety and a higher need to rely on extrinsic motivation as well until they reach the maturity where performance is staked by intrinsic determination"

Віковий аналіз дзюдоїсток-учасниць Олімпійських ігор Токіо-2020

Purpose: to analyse the results of selection and performance of judokas at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 depending on their age indicators. Material and methods. During the study of this direction of research the following methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of competition protocols of the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, analysis of the world ranking of elite athletes according to the IJF. Linear regression analysis was used to represent the relative age as one of the indicators of measuring the success of elite judokas. Results: the total number of female judokas - 1444, in all weight categories, who participated in the selection for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and 192 athletes who performed at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games were studied based on data from the official website of the International Judo Federation. After analyzing the performances of 192 female athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, it can be seen that the percentage of younger than average age judokas was 59 % (113 athletes), and older than average age judokas – 41 % (79 athletes). After a comparative analysis of the relatively younger average age of female athletes who passed the selection with those who passed it for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, it can be seen that the percentage of younger judokas is only 9 %, while the percentage of older judokas relative to the average age of judokas is 43 %. This may be due to the fact that older relative to the average age female athletes can be much higher in the direction of cognitive development (decision-making, abstract thinking, creativity, acquisition of competitive experience and psychological factors) than younger relative to the average age female athletes, who mostly use this selection to gain competitive experience. Further analysis showed that younger female athletes who took part in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games accounted for only 9 % of all judoka who passed the selection. While the number of older judokas relative to the average age is 41 % of all those who have been selected for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Having a gap in age from 20 to 42 years, high-class female athletes who took part in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games have a peak age of 28-31 years. Conclusions. Thus, older judokas should spend less time to win than younger athletes. Gaining with age the experience necessary to participate in high-ranking competitions, it is necessary to take into account that the functional capabilities of athletes decrease with age. Keywords: judo, judo women, age indicators, average age, older, younger, weight category.

Variability of Jump Biomechanics Between Horses of Different Age and Experience Using Commercial Inertial Measurement Unit Technology

The application of commercial inertial measurement units has become popular in equestrian sports, which may help to eliminate a gap of knowledge concerning many aspects of biomechanics in training. This study employed the Seaver IMU system to measure jumping characteristics of horses with differing age-competition experience during regular training. It was hypothesized that experience level results in lower variability of jumping parameters. Twelve Warmblood horses aged 5 to 6 years with/without competition experience and 7 to 11 years with experience were investigated during regular training in 2 training centers. Consistent number of 10 successive jumps of the individual chosen course of vertical and spread obstacles (5th –15th) were analyzed and the following parameters were measured: jump height, reserve and length; taking off angle, acceleration, velocity; jump spatial shifting, energy by landing, and frequency of approach strides. Preliminary analysis confirmed comparable physiological effort in 2 training center based on heart rate, distance and duration measurements. The multifactorial analysis of variance for biomechanical data included in the statistical model the random effect of horse and fixed effects of training center, age-experience group, successive jump number, obstacle type and height. Four parameters were significantly different between the younger, inexperienced group and experienced younger and older horses: height of jump (P = .01), frequency of approach strides (P = .005), acceleration of taking off (P = .01), and energy by landing (P = .0013). Standard errors for almost all the parameters reached higher values for the youngest, inexperienced horses. Variability of jumping parameters was lower for experienced groups of horses, suggesting higher precision on obstacle courses.

Effect of Social Actors Perceived Agency on Social Presence in Computer-Mediated Communication

Nowadays, both text-based and 3D online applications rely on conversational agents and autonomous characters to interact with users. Previous experiments demonstrated that perceived agency, that is to say, one’s belief in interacting with a computer- or another human-controlled entity could impact social interaction. At present, theories and results still diverge and no consensus has been reached. Therefore, we developed an experiment to investigate the effect of perceived agency and emotional communication on social presence. Participants were told that they would play an online image recognition game against a computer- or a human-controlled opponent. In both cases, participants faced a computer-controlled opponent designed to provide a challenging yet balanced competitive experience. Depending on the experimental conditions, participants were able to communicate with their opponents using emoticons between the game rounds. Results demonstrate a significant main effect of emotional communication on the three dimensions of social presence we considered in this experiment. An interaction effect between perceived agency and emotional communication was observed in copresence, another core dimension of social presence. The impact of emotional communication on participants’ sense of copresence depends on the perceived agency of the opponent. A significant increase was observed for participants facing a computer-controlled opponent when emotional communication was allowed. The sense of copresence was even higher when they were facing a computer-controlled opponent rather than a presumed human-controlled one. These results are discussed with regard to theories of social interaction in computer-mediated communication.

Comparison and Agreement between Simplified and Three-dimensional Methods for Estimating the Front Crawl Stroke Arm Stroke Efficiency

Aims: To compare and verify the agreement of the arm stroke efficiency (ȠF) results obtained by simplified (ȠFS) and three-dimensional (ȠF 3D) methods. Background: Arm stroke efficiency (ȠF) estimates how much of the force applied by the swimmers’ upper limbs contribute to their propulsion. To estimate ȠF, in front crawl stroke, three-dimensional (ȠF3D) and simplified (ȠFS) methods are highlighted. Objective: To verify if different methods estimate similar arm stroke efficiency values. Methods: Ten male swimmers (age: 21.5 ± 2.6 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.05 m; competitive swimming experience: 12.2 ± 5.0 years) were tested in three 25 m front crawl stroke bouts at low, moderate, and high intensities. The ȠF data were obtained after collecting swimming images with six synchronized cameras and later analyzed in motion reconstruction software. Results: The mean results of ȠF, respectively for ȠF3D and ȠFS, were: 34.7±2.1% and 47.4±6.4% at a low; 34.8±2.7% and 42.3±3.3% in moderate; and 33.1±2.6% and 32.4±2.9% at high intensity. Along the intensities, ȠF remained similar with ȠF3D and reduced with ȠFS. ȠF was lower with ȠF3D than with ȠFS at low and moderate intensities (p < 0.05) and similar at maximum intensity (p > 0.05). Conclusion: At maximum intensity, the ȠF values agree between the methods. The results obtained by both methods were not fully similar. ȠF3D and ȠFS results agree just at high intensity. The differences between the methods may be due to the different variables used to measure ȠF, stroke rate in the ȠFS and three-dimensional hand velocity in the ȠF3D.

Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Recovery in High-Level Judokas.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) effect on recovery in high-level judokas. Methods: The sample of participants consisted of 10 male judokas (Age = 20 ± 2.1 years) who are judo masters (black belt holders) with a minimum of 10 years of training and competition experience. The study was designed as a double-blinded crossover design with the order of treatments being randomly assigned. The washout period was 72 h. All subjects received a dose of sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body weight) or a placebo 120 min before the fatigue caused by the special judo fitness test (SJFT). Lactate concentration (LC), countermovement jump (CMJ), hand grip strength and degree of perceived fatigue on Borg’s scale (RPE) were tested two times before SJFT and four times after SJFT. Results: There was no interaction between groups and type of recovery at any time during the two types of recovery for RPE, grip strength, VJ and lactate concentration (p > 0.05). However, there was a main effect of time for dominant grip strength (F(1,8)= 3.3; p = 0.01; η2 = 0.25, (small)), non-dominant grip strength (F(1,8) = 3.2; p = 0.01; η2 = 0.24, (small)), CMJ (F(1,8) = 8.8; p = 0.01; η2 = 0.47, (small)), and LC (F(1,8) = 124.2; p = 0.001; η2 = 0.92, (moderate)). Conclusions: The results of the present study show no significant difference between the NaHCO3 and placebo groups in RPE, handgrip strength, CMJ, and lactate concentration.

Research on the Essentials and Skills of Taekwondo Technical Training

Research on the essentials and skills of taekwondo technical training is the focus of this paper. Through the aesthetic stage of Taekwondo's aesthetics, it summarizes the aesthetic intuition, aesthetic comprehension and aesthetic transcendence of the aesthetic subject in the aesthetic activities, and what kind of aesthetic function the subject should have in the aesthetic transcendence link. Taekwondo special athletes have relatively stable skills, basic specifications, and have the certain actual combat ability and competition experience. In the special training, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the project and the specific conditions of the athletes. This paper gives the novel ideas for the efficient training.