Competition Cars Research Articles

Automotive culture of China and Russia

INTRODUCTION. The study is devoted to considering the problem of the specifics of Chinese and Russian automotive cultures and is focused on the explication of linguistic facts. The purpose of the study is to analyze the “linguocultural space” of automotive culture, which can be a certain marker of the names of car brands as a specific category of proper names in Chinese and Russian linguistic cultures.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The empirical material for the study was the names of famous car brands in China and Russia, taken from scientific and popular science publications on the history of automotive culture. To describe the facts of the language, a continuous sampling method, a descriptive method and an interpretation method, and definitional analysis were used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It has been established that automotive culture, being a component of national culture, reflects a specific way of human activity. Automotive culture is strengthened by local car brands and plays an important role in the economy of any country. Nowadays, Chinese automobile culture plays an important role in the global market, providing people with increasingly competitive cars and services, and taking an active place in the life of modern society. The future of the Chinese automotive industry will pursue a path of self-reliant and highquality development to create a favorable living environment for people.CONCLUSION. The development of automotive culture is largely determined by the degree of significant semantic indicators, which include “prestige”, “reliability”, “comfort”, “price”, “fashion”. These indicators for native speakers of both Chinese and Russian languages are assigned to the names of car brands and give an idea of automotive culture, reflected in the form of the so-called “image of the world,” which explicates the linguistic component, taking into account the specifics of the national culture and the native speaker at the same time, reflecting important information about different linguistic cultures in the context of synchrony.

Aerodynamic Study of a Drag Reduction System and Its Actuation System for a Formula Student Competition Car

This work presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of a drag reduction system (DRS) used in a Formula Student competition vehicle, focusing on the interaction between the triple wing elements, as well as on the electrical actuators used to provide movement to the upper two flaps. The S1123 wing profile was chosen, and a 2D analysis of the wing profile was made. The trailing edge was rounded off to conform to Formula Student competition safety rules, resulting in around a 4% decrease in the lift coefficient and around a 12% increase in the drag coefficient for an angle of attack of 12°, compared to the original wing profile. The multi-element profile characteristics are: wing main plate with 4°, first flap 28°, and second flap 60°. To evaluate the wing operation, end plates and electrical linear actuators were added, generating a maximum lift coefficient of 1.160 and drag coefficient of 0.397, which provides around a 10% reduction in lift and a 9% increase in drag compared to the absence of the linear actuators. When activating the DRS, the flap rotation generates about a 78% decrease in the aerodynamic drag coefficient and 53% in the lift coefficient for the minimum aerodynamic drag setting.

Conceptual Design of Modular Chassis Jig of Student Competition Car

Chassis jig is needed to ensure that the welded chassis components does not warp or deform during welding process. Through concept screening and concept scoring, multiple design of chassis jigs is narrowed down to next development process. This study aims to design a chassis jig for the fabrication of student car competition chassis. The desired result of this design process is chassis jig with the ability to manufacture a wide variety of student competition car chassis.

Optimal kinematic synthesis of 6 bar rack and pinion Ackerman steering linkage

In this article, synthesis and simultaneous optimization of a steering mechanism is proposed for enhancing the cornering performance of a Formula Students competition car. A planar six-bar steering mechanism is synthesized assuming it as two separate slider-crank arrangements with a rigid link between the sliders. Numerical optimization is performed using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), which includes minimization of differences between both slider displacements and summation of deviations from true Ackerman geometry for a set of steering inputs. The selection of various parameters for running MOGA is well established based on iterative way. The seven variables (such as wheelbase and track width lengths, tie rod, tie-arm etc.) are optimized and used to construct the Ackerman steering geometry. Finally, the outer to inner tyre rotations of obtained geometry is calculated and compared with the predefined targeted values of actual Ackerman criteria.

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF COMFORT LEVEL OF PASSENGER COMPARTMENT SLEEPING CARS

Purpose. The work is aimed to develop the method of objective assessment of passenger transportation comfort and use convenience of passenger sleeping car of locomotive traction or train sets. Indeed, modern compartment sleeping cars of various models of European and other manufacturers are distinguished by many dimensional parameters, the capacity and equipment of passenger compartments and service accommodations, the presence of shower in the restrooms, etc. They provide passengers with proper level of use convenience and a different level of transportation comfort. When designing new perspective and competitive sleeping cars it is also expedient to have such a methodology for the development of their layout diagrams and designing and for the optimum choice of one or another size parameters of cars and, in particular case, passenger compartments. Methodology. Based on the analysis of the layout diagrams and designing of existing compartment sleeping cars of various European manufacturers, their dimensional parameters and equipment, dimensions and equipment of passenger compartments, criteria for comfort evaluating of compartment sleeping cars of three groups – dimensional parameters, capacity and equipment are determined. Findings. Several indicators of the convenience and comfort of passenger and service rooms of compartment sleeping cars and formulas for their calculation are proposed. An expression for determining a generalized indicator of the comfort of compartment sleeping cars and the convenience of using them is also proposed. Originality. For the first time a method of objective assessment of the comfort of passenger compartment sleeping cars and the convenience of using them by passengers is proposed. Practical value. The proposed indicators for evaluating the comfort of passenger compartment sleeping cars and formulas for their calculation can be used at the stages of development and selection of draft offers or outline designs of new promising competitive cars in order to ensure their maximum convenience and comfort. The methodology may also be useful for evaluating tenders for the purchase of compartment sleeping cars.

Multifunctional Performance of a Nano-Modified Fiber Reinforced Composite Aeronautical Panel.

The adoption of multifunctional flame-resistant composites is becoming increasingly attractive for many components of aircrafts and competition cars. Compared to conventional alloy solutions, the reduced weight and corrosion resistance are only a couple of the relevant advantages they can offer. In this paper, a carbon fiber reinforced panel (CFRP) was impregnated with an epoxy resin enhanced using a combination of 0.5 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 5 wt% of Glycidyl-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (GPOSS). This formulation, which is peculiar to resins with increased electrical conductivity and flame-resistance properties, has been employed for manufacturing a carbon fiber reinforced panel (CFRP) composed of eight plies through a liquid infusion technique. Vibro-acoustic tests have been performed on the panel for the characterization of the damping performance, as well the transmission loss properties related to micro-handling treatments. The spectral excitation has been provided by an acoustic source simulating the aerodynamic pressure load agent on the structure. The incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix determines a non-trivial improvement in the dynamic performance of the laminate. An increased damping loss factor with reference to standard CFRP laminate and also an improvement of the sound insulation parameter was found for the specific test article.

Multiphysics numerical investigation on the aeroelastic stability of a Le Mans Prototype car

In the analysis and design of racing competition cars, numerical tools allow to investigate a wide range of solutions in short time and with high confidence in results. The great available computational power permits to combine simulation software so that different physics involved can be tackled at the same time. An important class of multi-physics simulations for motor sport addresses the fluid-structure interactions happening between the aerodynamic components of the car and the surrounding flow: this interaction can induce structural deformations and vibrations which, in turn, can influence the surrounding fluxes. In this paper, the flutter analysis of the front wing splitter mounted on the 2001 Le Mans Prototype car by Dallara (LMP1) is presented. The study was set up adopting high fidelity CAE models: a 400k shell elements FEM represents the full front wing assembly including the mounting frame, a 240M cells CFD represents the full car immersed in a box shaped wind tunnel. FEM extracted structural modal shapes are mapped onto the CFD mesh adopting Radial Basis Functions (RBF) mesh morphing so that the surfaces of the CFD model can be deformed according to retained modes. Such deformation is then propagated so that the volume mesh is adapted accordingly. The elastic CFD model with modes embedded was then loaded by applying a transient signal individually to each retained mode with a smoothed step function. A Reduced Order Model (ROM) for the aerodynamics of the coupled system was then extracted combining the results of the individual transient run. The critical speed experimentally observed to be in the operating range of the car was captured by the model quite well. The same workflow was then adopted to investigate a different design in which a stiffener has been introduced to increase the first mode natural frequency from 40Hz to 49.4Hz. Flutter speed was increased and moved outside the vehicle range. The car equipped with the improved part proved to perform on the track without previously detected instabilities.

Equi-radial Vehicular laser shadowgraphy

Abstract: In this work a laser shadowgraphy technique designed to test and enhance the automotive visual ergonomics is described. An experimental setup is used to test the field of view (FOV) of three sample cars through equi-radial laser beam shadowgraphy from driver’s cyclopean eye position. A resulting shadowgraph is analyzed to retrieve ergonomic drawbacks of each sample design. this technique we helps in the design of safer cars and also can be used to differentiate between several competitive cars from the same class whenever on ergonomic bases to lower collision probability due to bad designed driver’s FOV. A complete modeling of experimental parameters is inclusive.

Nominal energy optimisation method of constrained battery packs through the iteration of the series-parallel topology

Summary The design of a battery pack commonly deals with high performance goals and challenging constraints in terms of cost, volume or weight. One of the most crucial variables to maximise is the nominal energy, which depends on the number of discrete battery cells that can be allocated and their individual technical specifications. This work proposes a systematic method to optimise the nominal energy of a constrained battery pack from the perspective of the series-parallel topology. A mathematical and graphical characterisation is presented on how the main battery's variables are related to a topology bounded to discretisation procedures. It was theoretically found that the effects of rounding the values of the topology may lead to a considerable loss of potential nominal energy, a risk that increases linearly with the number of series. The behaviour of the battery is assessed under nominal conditions and under the event of a cell failure. The theoretical analysis suggests that the detrimental effects due to an open-circuit increase as the number of series increases, while it is the opposite in the case of a shorted cell. The method is satisfactorily implemented in the development of two different battery packs for solar competition cars with limiting regulations. The candidate topologies outperformed the nominal energy of topologies defined without the method in up to 5%. It was also found that selecting an energy-maximising topology is not always the most convenient choice, because other variables may be of interest and are dependent on the topology as well. The method is of great use to guide the topology definition process in early theoretical stages, which is usually a compromise between allocating as much cells as possible within constraints, and approaching other performance goals such as a given nominal voltage or capacity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lesson Practice and Analysis of Power-Saving Competition Car Production Learning for Junior High School Students

Lesson Practice and Analysis of Power-Saving Competition Car Production Learning for Junior High School Students

2G19 サレジオ高専エコラングループによる競技車の製作に関する検討((26)学生の学習活動事例-I,口頭発表)

2G19 サレジオ高専エコラングループによる競技車の製作に関する検討((26)学生の学習活動事例-I,口頭発表)

Direct digital manufacturing of an accelerator pedal for a Formula Student racing car

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the design, analysis and additive manufacturing (AM) with two different technologies of an accelerator pedal for the Formula Student 2014 edition to reduce the weight of the original pedal in aluminium and maintain a reasonable level of performance. Design/methodology/approach The new and the original accelerator pedals were modelled in a computer-aided design application, and three finite element simulations were performed for each manufacturing technology to evaluate three different driving scenarios. Later on, two physical prototypes were manufactured using two AM technologies: poly-jet and fused deposition modelling (FDM). With these physical prototypes, static tests were carried out to verify the computational simulations and to determine the fracture load, while dynamic tests, based on an input signal from a real racing scenario, were performed to ensure their technical viability. Findings Simulations with poly-jet and FDM printing material show that the new design presents a maximum deformation of 4.8 and 4.09 mm, respectively, under a nominal load of 150N. The results of the static tests with the poly-jet physical prototype showed a maximum displacement of 4.05 mm under a nominal load of 150N, while the ultimate load before fracture was 450N. The FDM prototype reached 3.98 mm under 150N and the ultimate load was 350N. Dynamic tests showed that both pedals were able to withstand four Formula Student “Endurance” events without failure. Originality/value This paper states that AM approach is a feasible and economically affordable solution in comparison to exiting solutions with metallic alloys and composite materials when designing and manufacturing accelerator pedal arms for Formula Student competition cars. According to these results, the present research argues that, from a technical point of view, the AM pedals stand at a reasonable level of performance in displacements and stresses. This study suggests that AM pedals could be a viable option that must be considered in professional competitive automobiles.

Control Systems for High Performance Electric Cars

Electric vehicle technology opens doors to a wide range of research and improvement possibilities which can be used to develop a High Performance Full Electric Competition Car. However, in our modern-day society, there are numerous prejudices against electric vehicles which lead to their slow introduction in the market. In this context, IDIADA has been commissioned to build Volar-e with the aim to help overcoming the current technological and social barriers of electric vehicles and to set new standards in their behaviour. In order to achieve this target, Volar-e incorporates four independently controlled electric motors. What is more, a central concept to the vehicle is the integration of an intelligent torque distribution strategy to enhance road holding, handling and performance. Applus IDIADA’s knowledge of torque vectoring technologies has led to further developments and, thus, to the incorporation of four active systems in the prototype: iTORQ+, iTORQ-, Traction Control and Launch Control. These systems have been designed with the objective of both maximizing lateral acceleration while maintaining vehicle stability and drivability and, in the overall, minimizing lap time around IDIADA’s tracks. This paper highlights the improvement of Volar-e’s behaviour thanks to implementing in it the previous mentioned control systems. A detailed model of Volar-e has been parameterized in CarSim©, encompassing not only a thorough powertrain model obtained from testing Volar-e’s electric motors on a test-bench, but also a complete suspension model defined from K&C tests. By means of different simulation manoeuvres, the systems have been finely developed and adapted to fulfil the premise of achieving a high performance electric vehicle and to define the best initial set of parameters before passing from theory to practice. Last but not least, some conclusions are presented.

1013 四輪モデルを用いた車両運動性能の解析 : 全日本学生フォーミュラ大会用車両の車両運動性能(GS2-3 車両・機構開発・制御技術,一般セッション:2)

1013 四輪モデルを用いた車両運動性能の解析 : 全日本学生フォーミュラ大会用車両の車両運動性能(GS2-3 車両・機構開発・制御技術,一般セッション:2)

2404 機構解析ソフトウェアを用いた競技車輌用サスペンションジオメトリの設計

2404 機構解析ソフトウェアを用いた競技車輌用サスペンションジオメトリの設計

The RMS - Closer to Industry

The first Microscience Technology Forum – Microscopy in the Automotive and Aerospace Industries – will be held at the stunning Williams Formula 1 Conference Centre in Oxfordshire on 20 June. This one-day meeting has attracted high-quality speakers from both subject areas and will include poster presentations and an exhibition. In addition to the science, delegates will have the opportunity to tour the Williams Museum that houses some of the most competitive race cars of the last thirty years.

713 競技車両の車両運動性能に関する研究 : 全日本学生フォーミュラ大会用車両の車両運動性能(OS5 学生フォーミュラ原動機の制御および設計,オーガナイズドセッション:5 学生フォーミュラ原動機の制御および設計)

713 競技車両の車両運動性能に関する研究 : 全日本学生フォーミュラ大会用車両の車両運動性能(OS5 学生フォーミュラ原動機の制御および設計,オーガナイズドセッション:5 学生フォーミュラ原動機の制御および設計)

Exhaust muffler for competition car engines

An exhaust muffler for competition car engines has a cylindrical, outer or main shell with an inlet at one end smaller than or the same diameter as the main shell and with an outlet at the other end smaller in diameter than the main shell. Inside the main shell is a series of separate, spiral baffles all having the same depth or axial dimension of the spiral and placed equidistantly from each other. The spiral baffles are attached to the interior of the main shell by welds. A round tube open at both ends passes through the center of the spiral baffles beginning at the inlet of the main shell and ending at the outlet of the main shell.