Caregiver Competence Research Articles

Improving the Competence of Cadet Caregivers Using the Pancasila Character Development

This study aimed at determining the relationship between the development of the character of cadets and the improvement of the competence of caregivers of the Palembang Aviation Polytechnic so that it can be known what competencies are needed by caregivers so that they can develop the character of cadets. This research was conducted at the Palembang Aviation Polytechnic in April 2022 to October 2022. The method used in this study is descriptive. Descriptive is an assessment that does not use mathematical, statistical or computer models. The data collection technique uses questions in the form of questionnaires through google forms , observations made by the author, as well as interviews with cadets and caregivers of the Palembang Aviation Polytechnic. The study population was all cadets and caregivers of the Palembang Aviation Polytechnic by taking sample data as a result of responses from respondents. The data processing will use Pearson's Product Moment method to determine the correlation between character development variables and caregiver competency improvement variables. The success of a program in the implementation of Pancasila Character development requires support from various parties in its implementation.

48 Transforming Transitions: Developing Cultural Competence in Supporting Caregivers of Children and Youth Growing Up with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background Transition to adulthood is a stressful time for caregivers of children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Anecdotally, we know that cultural perspectives can directly influence decisions made around ASD diagnosis, treatment, and transition to adulthood. However, there is a paucity of research into these cultural perspectives and how they may affect illness trajectories. Objectives 1.Through open-ended responses, identify cultural values that play a role in decision making around health care and life course planning during transition to adulthood in ASD. 2.Identify criteria for success in adulthood from parents of children and youth with ASD in a culturally diverse population. 3.Identify systemic barriers that prevent families from accessing culturally sensitive care 4.Educate health care workers on any unique cultural perspective that may impact transition planning. Design/Methods In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with caregivers (i.e., parents/guardians) of children and youth with autism. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using deductive and inductive coding methods by two independent coders, with inter-rater reliability confirmed by Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results A total of 12 IDIs were conducted. The main themes that were discussed included caregivers’ understanding of adulthood for their child with ASD, barriers to accessing services, the importance of culture and religion/spirituality to their child’s future, recommendations to improve current services and programming and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on decision-making. Caregivers expressed their desire for their child to be independent as they transition to adulthood. They also described how cultural or religious/spiritual practices are integrated into their child’s life and the importance of maintaining their cultural identity. Caregivers emphasized the lack of culturally tailored resources as their child transitions to adulthood to maintain that sense of community. Conclusion Caregivers’ cultural perspectives are an integral part of their identity and an important aspect of their environment that should be taken into consideration as children and youth with ASD transition to adulthood.

EHealth interventions for the informal caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review of systematic reviews

ObjectivesTo systematically synthesize existing evidence on the implementation and effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the informal caregivers of people with dementia. MethodsA systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted following the Cochrane methodological recommendations. Data were searched from MEDLINE/Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo. Methodological quality was appraised independently using the AMSTAR 2. ResultsNineteen reviews were included. The methodological quality of reviews varied from high to critically low. The eHealth interventions provided multiple components covering informative, psychoeducation, communication, psychotherapeutic, and psychosocial support. Interventions were delivered via the Internet, telephones, and combined technologies. The evidence varied, but was generally positive regarding depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, stress, self-efficacy, knowledge, and skill improvements. No evidence was found on the coping competence of caregivers. ConclusionseHealth interventions are widely applied and benefit informal caregivers, but still lacking high methodological quality. More rigorous research is necessary to produce robust evidence for this changing field.

Chronic tracheostomy care of ventilator-dependent and -independent children: Clinical practice patterns of pediatric respirologists in a publicly funded (Canadian) healthcare system.

To describe the current clinical practice patterns of Canadian pediatric respirologists at pediatric tertiary care institutions regarding chronic tracheostomy tube care and management of home invasive ventilation. A pediatric respirologist/pediatrician with expertise in tracheostomy tube care and home ventilation was identified at each Canadian pediatric tertiary care center to complete a 59-item survey of multiple choice and short answer questions. Domains assessed included tracheostomy tube care, caregiver competency and home monitoring, speaking valves, medical management of tracheostomy complications, decannulation, and long-term follow-up. The response rate was 100% (17/17) with all Canadian tertiary care pediatric centers represented and heterogeneity of practice was observed in all domains assessed. For example, though most centers employ Bivona™ (17/17) and Shiley™ (15/17) tracheostomy tubes, variability was observed around tube change, re-use, and cleaning practices. Most centers require two trained caregivers (14/17) and recommend 24/7 eyes on care and oxygen saturation monitoring. Discharge with an emergency tracheostomy kit was universal (17/17). Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the timing and use of speaking valves and speech-language assessment. Inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotics are employed by most centers (16/17) though the indication, agent, and protocol varied by center. Though decannulation practices varied considerably, the requirement of upper airway patency was universally required to proceed with decannulation (17/17) independent of ongoing ventilatory support requirements. Considerable variability in pediatric tracheostomy tube care practice exists across Canada. These results will serve as a starting point to standardize and evaluate tracheostomy tube care nationally.

Influence of psychological responses of caregiving on the perceived health of family caregivers to acute stroke survivors.

Family caregivers provide round-the-clock care to their family members who had a stroke. The detrimental effects of caregiving on caregiver’s health would lead to the abandonment of caregiver role and institutionalization of stroke survivors. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the perceived health status of family caregivers to stroke survivors. This study conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline data of 142 family caregivers of stroke survivors nested within a longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Potential factors were identified according to the Pittsburgh Mind-Body Center model and were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression models. The results indicated that stroke caregivers exhibited comparable perceived physical health with general population but poorer perceived mental health. Severity of depressive symptoms (β = −0.37, P < .001) remained the strongest and most significant factor associated with perceived mental health, followed by confidence in problem-solving (β = −0.21, P < .05). Moreover, caregiving competence (β = 0.29, P < .001) was the sole significant psychological factor associated with perceived physical health. Caregiving competence, problem-solving abilities, and severity of depressive symptoms are significant modifiable correlates of the perceived health of caregivers. Intervention for improving these psychological responses of caregivers is suggested incorporated in stroke rehabilitation programs.

Education of Formal Caregivers as a Predictor of the Quality of Institutional Care for Dementia Sufferers

Introduction: Due to demographic trends, caring for dementia sufferers is the subject of research by multidisciplinary research teams. In this paper, we declare the importance of increasing the knowledge, skills and competence of formal caregivers as a predictor of the quality of institutional care provided for dementia sufferers. Material and methods: In the presented study, we determine the subjective assessment of the level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of formal caregivers in relation to the care of dementia sufferers. The research involved 46 formal caregivers in two specialist facilities that provide health and social care to dementia sufferers. In order to meet the objectives, we have chosen a quantitative method using a non-standard questionnaire of our own design. Results: We found that the questionnaire respondents positively assess their previous knowledge and practical skills in providing nursing care to dementia sufferers, yet declare an interest in continuing education. Conclusion: Preparation and implementation of continuing education of formal caregivers is the active part played by an educational institution in relation to the improvement of the quality of care provided to dementia sufferers and at the same time it is evidence of the link between theory and practice in professionally oriented study programs reflecting the currently expected demographic trends in society.

Maternal mental health and caregiver competence of HIV-positive and negative women caring for their singleton newborns in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background. Maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been of interest to many researchers, with antenatal depression and postnatal depression (PND) being a leading cause of morbidity. The adverse effects of maternal depression on the offspring throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence are well documented. Studies on the mental health of persons living with HIV have also reported a high prevalence of depression.&#x0D; Objectives. To describe the prevalence of PND in a sample of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers delivering healthy singleton infants at one obstetric unit in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, South Africa, and the subsequent factors influencing neonatal behaviour and perceptions of caregiver competence. Correlations between the presence of PND and perceptions of caregiver competence (with the mother as caregiver), and between infant behaviour, the mother’s confidence in her competence as caregiver, and demographic and medical variables, were also examined.&#x0D; Methods. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 132 mothers at initial contact and from 32 mothers at the 6-week follow-up appointment. Mothers independently completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at each time point, and the Mother and Baby Scales (MABS) at the 6-week follow-up appointment.Results. The prevalence of depression among all mothers at initial contact was 72.0%, remaining high (68.8%) among the mothers who returned for follow-up. There was a statistically significant correlation between depression and employment at follow-up (p=0.013), and between depression and delivery method (p=0.030). The majority of mothers reported being ‘able to laugh and see the funny side of things’ and ‘looking forward with enjoyment to things’ at initial contact and follow-up. Thoughts of self-harm were reported by 44.7% of mothers at baseline, and by 53.1% at follow-up. Although most infants scored in the average clinical band for neonatal behavioural factors in the MABS, mothers reported lack of confidence, globally and in caring for their infant.&#x0D; Conclusion. This study of maternal mental health of a sample of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers of infants in KZN revealed a higher prevalence of PND than reported in other studies. This population of mothers and infants is at risk of adverse outcomes of maternal depression, in addition to other possible risk factors.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Eating Competence Among Caregivers of Toddlers: Associations With Caregiver and Child Overweight/Obesity

ObjectiveTo examine the association between caregiver eating competence and child overweight/obesity and caregiver obesity. DesignLongitudinal cohort. SettingA large US children's hospital. ParticipantsCaregiver–child dyads (n = 288 with complete data at 2 time points) were sampled in 2017–2019 from those who received care at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Main Outcome Measure(s)Child overweight/obesity at 24 months of age (body mass index [BMI]) z-score >2 per World Health Organization standards and caregiver weight status (underweight/healthy [BMI < 25 kg/m2], overweight [BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2], or obese [BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2]). AnalysisLog-binomial models examined the relationship between caregiver eating competence (ecSatter Inventory) at 18 months and child overweight/obesity at 24 months of age. Proportional odds models investigated the relationship between caregivers’ eating competence and weight status. ResultsEating competent caregivers had more than twice the odds (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–3.42) of having a lower BMI category and had lower average BMI than noneating competent caregivers. Child overweight/obesity at 24 months did not differ by caregiver eating competence. Conclusions and ImplicationsAlthough child overweight/obesity did not vary by caregiver eating competence, caregiver eating competence was related to their weight status. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify the role of caregiver eating competence as children develop. Promoting caregivers’ eating competence may translate into healthier behaviors and skills for caregivers and their children long term.

Effects of App-Based Mobile Interventions for Dementia Family Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Dementia was caregivers experience tremendous difficulties both physically and psychologically, leading to high levels of depression and caregiver burden. The advantage of mobile interventions has been recognized due to its freedom from time and space restrictions. Objectives: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of app-based mobile interventions for dementia caregivers. Method: We searched nine different databases including CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the ACM digital library, IEEE Xplore, KoreaMed, and RISS for publications on app-based mobile interventions targeting dementia caregivers published in English or Korean. Meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 3.0. Standard mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention on caregiver-related outcomes of caregiver burden, depression, stress, caregiving competency, and quality of life (QoL). Results: Five studies (three randomized controlled trials and two quasi-experimental studies) with a total of 230 participants were included. Using a mobile device, interventions were used to provide information and feedback, perform monitoring, and conduct skill training. Pooled analysis showed favorable effects of app-based mobile interventions for caregivers on caregiver burden (SMD = −0.315, 95% CI: −0.681 to 0.052), depression (SMD = −0.236, 95% CI: −0.517 to 0.046), stress (SMD = −0.295, 95% CI: −0.708 to 0.118), competency (SMD = 0.434, 95% CI: 0.093–0.775), and QoL (SMD = 0.794, 95% CI: 0.310–1.278). Conclusion: Types of mobile devices, lengths, and contents of interventions varied between included studies. Given that only five studies were included, the current meta-analysis could not confirm the effectiveness of app-based mobile interventions. However, this study suggests that app-based mobile interventions for dementia caregivers might have positive effects on diverse caregiving-related issues such as caregiver burden, depression, stress, competency, and QoL.

CUIDAR-MaPre scale validation: A tool to measure the caregiving competence of mothers of premature infants

ObjectiveTo determine the validity and reliability of the CUIDAR instrument in mothers of premature infants. MethodCross-sectional validation study. The study was conducted in two stages. First stage: literature review, semantic adequacy, and judgement with 7 experts to establish content validity. In the second stage, the psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated by exploratory factor analysis after its application to 207 mothers of premature infants. ResultsIn the expert’s judgment, the content validity index was higher than 0.8, which indicated adequate representativeness of the items. Agreement between judges was moderate with a Fleiss Kappa of 0.51. The exploratory factor analysis established the adequacy of the sample with a Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin statistic of 0.859 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity 2953.9 (p = 0.000). After considering various scenarios, a 7-dimensional, 33-item model explained 57.9% of the variance, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.852 and adequate goodness-of-fit indices. The goodness-of-fit tests allowed us to establish through statistical significance χ2 = 0.01, CFI = 0.92, BIC ≥ 10 and RMSEA = 0.05 indicating that the model has a good fit. ConclusionsA new model was identified based on the items and dimensions of the CUIDAR instrument, which allows us to assess the competence of mothers to care for their premature children in a valid and reliable way.

Stewardship and Family Caregiving for People with Dementia in Shanghai

ABSTRACT Technologies such as medical treatment, assistive care devices, and monitoring tools represent strategies for dealing with the progression of dementia. Drawing on ethnographic data from Shanghai, this study examines how family caregivers engage with technology to enhance their care performance. I argue for a stewardship approach to dementia care given that care is not only a moral experience but also an intellectual labor, which requires the competence of family caregivers. This stewardship approach contributes to our understanding of family caregivers’ efforts at coming to terms with the changing discourse on dementia and the broad social change in China.

TRANSFORMATION OF MENTAL TRAUMA IN CHILDREN USING THE HIBUKI - THERAPY METHOD

The article analyzes the concept of "mental trauma" as a life event that affects significant aspects of a person's existence and leads to deep psychological experiences. It is emphasized that a child of preschool age is not able to transform the psychotrauma received as a result of a stress reaction on his own, so in most cases it leads to severe mental breakdowns. Various scientific approaches to understanding mental trauma were analyzed and the sufficient complexity and multifacetedness of this psychological phenomenon, the lack of a single approach to its understanding, was noted. It is noted that the use of toys in the transformation of mental trauma of an individual contributes to the establishment of emotional contact, the removal of emotional tension, the expansion of the worldview of the surrounding world, and the prevention of maladaptive behavior. The toy encourages the child to play, and the psychologist uses the therapeutic effect of the game to help the child transform psychological and social difficulties that hinder personal and emotional development. The article examines the problem of transformation of mental trauma in children, resulting from natural disasters and hostilities in their country, with the help of Hibuki-therapy. The essence and role of Hibuki- therapy as a method of toy therapy in working with children who have experienced severe emotional stress are described. The process of formation of the therapeutic model of Hibuki-therapy is studied. It is emphasized that the author's model is based on the principle according to which children who actively resist experienced stressful situations can transform their fears and better adapt to life after any mental trauma. The proposed method encourages the child to focus on the toy dog's feelings and needs, as well as on the child's role as caregiver, thereby offering a distraction from their own fears and anxieties. Taking care of a soft toy, a child can dispel his fears and worries. It is important that the child begins to feel like a competent caregiver, and not a restless person who needs help. Today, Hibuki is an important tool that helps Ukrainian children cope with the trauma of war. The children's parents are also involved in this process, and they receive instructions on how to care for Hibuki.

Positive Changes in Caregiving Experiences of Family Caregivers for Long-Term Care Recipients after a Family Counseling Support Program

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of a family counseling program on the family caregivers of long-term care (LTC) recipients after one-year follow-up.Methods: This work was designed as a descriptive qualitative study using focus group interviews to explore the caregiving experience of the family caregivers.Results: The long-term effects of the counseling programs were categorized into five themes: (1) improved caregiving competence, (2) positively-changed caregiving experience, (3) increased social connection, (4) delayed LTC institutionalization, and (5) expecting for continued support.Conclusion: The family counseling program was proved to be effective in the long term through this study. The program should be maintained to sustain the positive effects of the counseling program and also respond to the expectations of the participants.

Reducing the Physical Burden of Older Persons' Household Caregivers: The Effect of Household Handrail Provision.

The household handrail is necessary for dependent older people to perform their daily living activities, improve caregiving competency, and reduce caregiver burden. This study aimed to explore physical burden levels and examine their association with handrail provision among caregivers in older people’s households in Phuttamonthon District, Thailand, in 2017. This study used the physical dimension of the Caregiver Burden Inventory to quantify the levels of physical burden among 254 caregivers in households with a dependent older person. It classified the studied households into three categories: no handrail, one handrail, and more than one handrail. The analysis employed the ordinal logistic model approach. The findings showed that the mean physical burden score was 5 ± 3.85, indicating a high burden. After adjusting for potential factors, the caregivers in older people’s households with one handrail were less likely to experience a high physical burden than those without a handrail (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.14–0.67). Nonetheless, the analysis found no significant differences in physical burden between caregivers of households with more than one handrail and those of households with no handrails. Having handrails in housing might enhance older people’s ability to adjust to disability and illness, ultimately reducing the physical care burden of caregivers. However, having the appropriate number of handrails in older people’s households should be considered.

The Competence Scale in Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (CS-MBPSD) for family caregivers: Instrument development and cross-sectional validation study

BackgroundFamilies’ caring competence plays a key role in caring for the elderly with dementia. In particular, the management of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia is different from the management of other symptoms of dementia. However, there is no tool for evaluating family caregiver competence for managing the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a competence scale in managing the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia for family caregivers and to evaluate its psychometric properties. DesignAn instrument development and cross-sectional validation study was conducted. SettingsTwenty-one local dementia centres in Seoul, Korea. ParticipantsA total of 460 community-dwelling family caregivers of people living with dementia (mean age = 69.82 ± 11.08, female = 78.7%, spouse = 65.7%) participated in the study. MethodsThis study was conducted in two steps: (1) instrument development and (2) psychometric tests (N = 460). After item generation and the evaluation of content validity and face validity, a total of 39 preliminary items were tested. For the psychometric tests, item analysis using the corrected item-to-total correlations and construct validity with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Using measurement tools of the Behaviour Management Skill, a Visual Analogue Scale, and a general question of the scale developed in this study, the concurrent validity was examined by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α, test reliability with the standard error of measurement, and test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient. ResultsThe exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a six-factor solution with 28 items. The six factors were ‘person-centred attitude’, ‘introspection for improvement’, ‘symptom occurrence analysis’, ‘application of various strategies’, ‘awareness of symptoms’ and ‘caring for one's own mind and body’. The concurrent validity was established. The reliability was demonstrated to be acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.922, ICC = 0.781). ConclusionsThe competence scale in managing the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia for family caregivers was found to be a valid and reliable instrument. The scale is potentially useful for promoting better dementia care in both research and clinical practice settings by enabling the identification of needs to be improved for family caregivers in coping with dementia symptoms.

Adaptation and Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Caregiving Competence Scale

Adaptation and Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Caregiving Competence Scale

Care Giver Competency in Prevention Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Increasing in the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) among diabetes mellitus patients (DM), which then access to health services is so far, as well as the lack of knowledge of the local community in preventing and caring for DFU made researchers try to initiate training related to prevention and basic wound care for village health cadres, community leaders, and families family members with DM and at risk for UKD. The activity, which carried out in March 2021, involved the puskesmas in Sui District. Raya, Kab. Kubu Raya. After obtained a permit to carry out activities, the Team briefly contacted the community with the assistance of the Head of RT and RW. Participants who toke part in this activity were those who lived or have a family with diabetes mellitus. Participants were given training related to prevention and treatment of basic wounds, which in the end evaluation followed by publication.

Factors associated with the skills of informal caregivers in home care.

To identify factors associated with cognitive, emotional, psychomotor, and relational skills of informal caregivers in home care. A cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 216 informal caregivers residing in a municipality in the state of Paraná. Data collection took place between February and July 2019, with an instrument developed and validated to assess the skills of informal caregivers. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The factors associated with a greater competence of informal caregivers were being female, having training in the field, and having more than five years home care experience. The lowest competence was observed in caregivers who had health problems and belonged to the lowest strata of family purchasing power. Participants had lower scores in psychomotor competence and had better results in cognitive competence. It was found that women with experience in care had higher levels of competence to provide quality care at home assistance services.

Competencies of nursing students in the provision of spiritual care and the factors affecting spiritual caregiving.

Nursing care is a holistic practice that contains biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual elements. Spiritual care is also one of the core aspects of a holistic care approach, The provision of optimal spiritual care requires a good understanding of the issue by nurses. The present study determines the competencies of nursing students in spiritual care and the status of spiritual caregiving. The study has a descriptive, cross-sectional, and qualitative research method of answers to follow-up questions. The study was conducted with 468 nursing students who are 1-4 years in a BSN program in Turkey. Personal information form, semi-structured interview form, Spiritual Caregiving Scale, and Spiritual Care Competence Scale were used for the collection of data. The average scores recorded by the participants in the Spiritual Caregiving and Spiritual Care Competence Scales were 145.60 ± 20.63 (the perception of spirituality and spiritual care is moderate-high) and 102.92 ± 15.67 (the competence of the nurse in spiritual care is moderate-high), respectively. It was found that nearly half of the respondent students had never heard of the concept of spiritual care, nor did they have any knowledge of such care, and almost none had undergone training in this subject. Important to add spiritual care to the nursing curriculum as a separate course or subject, and to raise awareness of students through applied teaching methods.

A Massive Open Online Course to Educate Healthcare Professionals &amp; Caregivers About Alzheimer’s Disease

College students in disciplines that might provide services or work with older adults, such as medicine or social work, are usually the target of most educational programs on aging. High schools provide an untapped opportunity to engage students earlier. This project is the next step following a pilot study conducted in New Jersey and Kentucky to better understand high school students’ attitudes and knowledge regarding aging. That study also reviewed current high school curriculum for aging-specific content and perceived barriers among teachers to incorporating aging education into the curriculum (Davis & Sokan, 2019). Study findings indicate inter alia, a need to educate high school students about aging, increase interactions among older and younger adults, incorporate education about careers on aging, and educate teachers on how to infuse more aging content into their courses. To that end, this project’s goal was to develop both a training module and educational program on aging for high school students. Also, we propose a plan to develop, implement, and evaluate both the training module and the educational programs. We hypothesize that the training module will increase high school teachers’ confidence in their ability to teach their students about aging. The educational program’s delivery will increase students’ knowledge of aging-related issues and awareness about careers in aging. Upon completing the project, we will use feedback from students and teachers to revise the educational program, for implementation among a larger sample of high schools.