Competence Traits Research Articles

The Crucial Role of Teacher Support in Enhancing Willingness to Communicate, Professional, Communicative and Lexical Competences

Effective communication skills are essential in education as they significantly enhance student learning experiences and outcomes. This article explores the role of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) and communicative competence in language learning, emphasizing the importance of teacher support in fostering these competencies. Key factors influencing WTC, such as self-communicative competence, communication apprehension, and individual psychological traits, are discussed. The article highlights the pivotal role of teacher involvement, immediacy, and autonomy support in promoting student engagement, self-efficacy, and language proficiency. Furthermore, the development of lexical competence and the use of innovative teaching approaches, such as flipped classrooms and collaborative learning activities, are examined as effective strategies for improving communication skills. The article underscores the importance of creating supportive classroom environments that reduce communication anxiety and promote active participation. Ultimately, the integration of robust teacher support practices and ongoing professional development is critical for enhancing communicative competence and ensuring long-term academic and professional success for students.

Research on the Construction of Competency Model for Empowered Reading Service Librarian Oriented to High-Quality Development

ABSTRACT Authorities in China have been actively involved in the high-quality development of libraries, with an emphasis on supporting and extending National Reading. Providing appropriate and successful reading services requires well-prepared reading service librarians, empowered to design and deliver services that make reading enjoyable and accessible for all. Based on competency theory and empowerment theory, this study analyses the competency features of empowered reading service librarians and constructs a competency model based on those features. Through literature analysis and Behavioural Event Interview, a preliminary competency model comprising 16 discriminative competencies and 20 benchmark competencies was constructed, subsequently refined through 4 rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method and resulting in a model with 11 discriminative competency features and 6 benchmark competency features. A questionnaire survey of reading service librarians and library users was undertaken to extract common factors and develop an iceberg model. The iceberg model comprises 4 dimensions: knowledge, skills, self-concept, and motivation, with 11 discriminative competency traits and 6 benchmark competency traits. The model extends our understanding of the important competencies underpinning the work of reading service librarians and can support developments in their professional education, performance evaluation, recruitment, and selection.

Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Menjawab Tantangan Abad 21

The era of globalization and the 21st century is characterized by rapid technological changes and advances, posing challenges for the education sector. The quality of Indonesian education, as demonstrated by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), needs to be improved. This study aims to critically examine the role of the Pancasila Student Profile in responding to the challenges of the 21st century in the Indonesian education system. The research problem centers on whether the Pancasila Student Profile can conceptually address the challenges of today's world. This research uses a qualitative approach and a type of library research to collect data from various literature sources. Data is collected by searching and critically analyzing sources such as books, journals, and previous research related to the research. Research results and findings show that the 21st century presents a variety of challenges in education, including students' need to develop critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity, and character skills. Pancasila Student Profile, as part of the Merdeka Curriculum, aims to prepare Indonesian students to compete in the global world while still upholding the values of the Indonesian nation. The Pancasila Student Profile is identified as a crucial component in developing the character and competencies needed by Indonesian students to compete in the 21st century. The study emphasizes the interrelated traits of character and competence and their significance in various learning experiences.

Perception of good physicians in patient’s face-to-face consultations: Evidence from a Chinese platform

Abstract Objective: This article aimed to offer insights into patients’ expectations regarding the traits of physicians, with the goal of helping physicians gain a better understanding of patient needs and provide better care. Method: This study used a Python crawler script to collect patients’ comments from haodf.com, a major online consultation platform in China, to examine the expected character traits of physicians by patients. A total of 83,315 comments were obtained. We selected positive comments from patients, performed text segmentation using Jieba, and utilized the TextRank algorithm to identify high-ranking words based on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) within these comments. To make the findings comprehensible and practical for physicians and medical educators, we utilized a word cloud to visualize the results. We classified the high-ranking words into 4 dimensions—professional competence, communication attitude, communication ability, and character traits—based on the categorization of positive physician qualities found in the relevant literature. Results: Key findings from the study included: (1) The top 23 high-ranking words for traits of good physicians (in descending order) were patient, meticulous, proficient, precise, kind, moderate, successful, gentle, rigorous, explicit, clear, effective, humorous, sincere, skilled, kindhearted, modest, awesome, practical (and not flashy), unhurried, experienced, clean, and excellent; (2) patients placed the highest value on the professional competence of physicians, followed by their communication attitude, communication ability, and character traits; (3) despite the highest IRI score for professional competence, it was exceeded by the combined scores of communication attitude and communication ability. This underscored the significance of effective communication in medical encounters. Conclusions: Drawing from these findings, recommendations are proposed for physicians and medical educators to enhance the quality of medical encounters. These suggestions include implementing narrative medicine training to improve communication awareness and skills as well as encouraging lifelong continuing medical education to maintain professional competence among practitioners. This study contributes to the establishment of positive physician-patient relationships in both telemedicine and face-to-face medical interactions.

‘Warming up’ to populist leaders: A comparative analysis of Argentina and Spain

What makes populist leaders, responsible for many episodes of democratic backsliding, especially appealing to a significant part of the electorate? In the following pages we argue that the effect of perceptions regarding leaders’ ‘warmth’ causes them to be perceived as having good intentions toward and even being part of ‘the people,’ resulting in a more positive overall evaluation among citizens with more critical views of democratic representativeness (external political efficacy). We test this hypothesis in two very different political systems, Argentina and Spain, using data from original surveys that contain batteries of questions on warmth and competence trait dimensions for multiple leaders in both countries. The results show that while perceptions of traits along both warmth and competence dimensions are important for the evaluation of all leaders in democratic systems, the interactive effect between external political efficacy and perceptions of warmth is important for explaining more positive evaluations of populist leaders.

Perceptions of women in authority positions: The role of warmth and competence

Background Warmth has been shown to disproportionately affect how we perceive women socially, resulting in different standards for men and women in authority roles that emphasize competence. Methods We conducted two studies to determine whether warmth-related traits play a more central role in the evaluations of female lecturers than in their male counterparts such that women are disproportionately “punished” in perceivers’ eyes for lacking warmth, but not rewarded for possessing it. In Study 1, we assessed university students’ ratings of their male and female lecturers’ warmth and competence traits and compared them with their overall evaluations of those lecturers. In Study 2 we followed this up by analysing the warmth- and competence-related word frequency in Rate My Professor reviews of male and female lecturers. Results We found that when lecturers received low warmth ratings, this rating was much more integral to how female lecturers were evaluated on other dimensions than it was for male lecturers, while at high levels of warmth there was no gender difference. This provided some support for the idea that women are “punished” for lacking warmth traits while men are not. In study 2, we found that references to several warmth-related traits followed a pattern where reviews of men and women did not differ on the positive end of the trait spectrum, but women were more likely than men to be referred to with words on the negative end of the same spectrum, once again suggesting that women may be more likely than men to be punished for lacking warmth (but not necessarily praised for possessing it). Conclusions Overall, these studies provide some support for the idea that women in authority are viewed disproportionately negatively for lacking warmth and set the basis for future research into the role of warmth in evaluating high-status women.

Experiences of childbirth care in Lithuania and Romania: Insights from the European Babies Born Better survey.

Data on experience and satisfaction of users are essential for improvement of health care, especially in the field of childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare childbirth care experiences in Lithuania and Romania. Data derived from the EU Babies Born Better online survey were analyzed. Parturients from Lithuania (N = 373) and Romania (N = 359) who had given birth within the last 5 years were included. Participants were asked to (1) describe the best things in childbirth care and (2) suggest changes in the care received at their birthplace. Qualitative data were analyzed using a previously developed deductive coding framework. In agreement with previous findings from Austria, positive experiences mainly addressed care experienced at an individual level (in particular healthcare practitioners' competence and personality traits) and suggested changes mainly addressed services at birthplace (issues related to infrastructure, information and counseling, and empowerment). Responses not initially included in the coding framework addressed aspects such as informal payment (in both countries), desire for home birth (particularly in Lithuania), or mistreatment of parturients (particularly in Romania). We conclude that similar trends in childbirth care exist in Lithuania and Romania with regard to parturients' personal experiences and psychosocial needs and that addressing the needs of parturients is important for improving service provision.

Stereotypes of pro-environmental people: Perception of competence and warmth

Mixed findings for the nature of stereotypes of pro-environmental people were found with support for both positively and negatively valenced stereotypes. To carefully examine the stereotype of ordinary pro-environmental people by controlling for the confound of activist behaviors, the present research conducted four studies to examine the perception of competence and warmth for ordinary pro-environmental people in different scenarios and the role of pro-environmental motivation in these processes. Study 1 found that participants perceived a person who used reusable products to be more competent and warmer, demonstrating positive stereotypes of pro-environmental behaviors. Study 2 revealed that participants perceived a person with stronger pro-environmental motivation to be more competent and warmer. Finally, Studies 3a and 3b showed that stronger pro-environmental motivation was associated with greater perceived competence and warmth, which were associated with greater perceived employability in a hiring scenario. However, the effect of pro-environmental behavior on perceived employability was not reliable. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing the effect of pro-environmental motivations behind the behaviors for a comprehensive understanding of the stereotype of pro-environmental people. These findings also suggest that highlighting the competence and warmth traits associated with pro-environmental behaviors in environmental campaigns can be useful.

Developing and Utilizing Healthcare Human Resources to Overcome Gender Stereotypes

<p>在專業臨床領域中或專業教育的場域中，有效促進性別實質平權的好方法，首先是觀念的轉變，讓自己勇於接受挑戰性別刻板印象，當面對到職業角色與性別氣質不符合傳統性別刻板印象的工作同仁或學生時，給予更多的理解和溝通，從實質表現上去評價其貢獻而非急於從性別特質等標籤即決定印象，在臨床教育或學科知識學習的過程中，特別是針對專業典範人物的示範說明，亦應注意性別比例的平衡，使得性別偏見不再複製增強，讓優秀但少數特殊者亦有機會出現在後學者的學習認知視野之中，如此才能夠有效的促進職業社會化過程中性別刻板印象的打破，提升性別敏感度，避免因為既定的性別歧視標籤妨礙了對於實質能力與個人特質的認識。其次，在醫療照護職場的人力資源運用策略方面，則應遵守性別平權精神，落實(1)用人唯才，不因性別、性傾向與外型歧視或差別待遇；(2) 同工同酬，以實質貢獻決定評價與晉升機會的公平公正原則；(3)遵守勞動法令，避免社會歧視所導致之單位績效與名譽受損。如此，在人力資源的培育與運用上，我們才能真正打破性別刻板印象的束縛，真正用人唯才，廣開納才之路。</p> <p> </p><p>In the fields of professional clinical practice and professional education, an effective method for advancing substantive gender equality is, first and foremost, a shift in mindset. This involves embracing the challenge of gender stereotypes. When faced with colleagues or students whose professional roles and gender expressions do not conform to conventional standards, people should provide greater understanding and communication. Evaluations should be based on the tangible contributions of such individuals rather than arbitrarily labeling them based on gender-related traits. Throughout the process of clinical education or acquiring disciplinary knowledge, attention should be paid to maintaining a balanced gender representation, particularly when showcasing examples of professional role models. This aids in avoiding perpetuating gender biases, allowing outstanding individuals, even if they are in the minority, the opportunity to be recognized and serve as role models who can broaden the knowledge of future learners. Such measures are vital to effectively dismantling gender stereotypes in the process of professional socialization, raising gender sensitivity, and preventing preconceived gender discrimination labels from obstructing the acknowledgment of actual competence and personal traits. Furthermore, in terms of human resource management strategies within the healthcare sector, adherence to the principles of gender equality is paramount, which entails implementing the following measures: (1) embracing talent without discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, or appearance; (2) ensuring equal pay for equal work and evaluating promotion opportunities based on substantive contributions and fairness and justice; and (3) adhering to labor laws to prevent negative effects to organizational performance and reputation arising from social discrimination. By fostering and utilizing human resources in this manner, we can truly break through the constraints imposed by gender stereotypes and genuinely prioritize talent, thereby paving the way for inclusive recruitment.</p> <p> </p>

Examining the Relations Between Social Competence, Autistic Traits, Anxiety and Depression in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.

The current study examined whether social competence and autistic traits are related to anxiety and depression in autistic and non-autistic children. Parents of 340 children aged 6 to 12years old, including 186 autistic and 154 non-autistic children completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to assess their child's autistic traits, the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale (MSCS) to assess their child's social competence, and the Behaviour Assessment Scale for Children 2 (BASC-2) to assess their child's internalizing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and children were administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II) to assess their intellectual abilities. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relations between social competence, autistic traits, anxiety, and depression. Social competence was related to anxiety and depression symptoms in autistic children, but only depression symptoms in non-autistic children, above and beyond the effects of autistic traits, IQ and age. Autistic children were also reported to experience more severe anxiety and depression symptoms, and more autistic traits were related to higher levels of anxiety and depression in both groups. These findings suggest that social competence and internalizing symptoms are intricately connected in autistic children and need to be jointly considered in both assessment and intervention. The social implications are discussed with an emphasis on acceptance of diverse social styles as a viable avenue to reduce children's internalizing symptoms.

High Autistic Traits or Low Social Competence? Correlates of Social Camouflaging in Non-Autistic Adults.

Autistic traits have been linked with the use of social camouflaging behavior by non-autistic people. In addition, low social competence (i.e., poor social skills) has also been posited as a possible explanation for the use of social camouflaging by non-autistic people. In this study, we investigated the comparative influence of autistic traits and social competence on three components of social camouflaging (compensation, masking, and assimilation) in a sample of non-autistic adults. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 284 undergraduate students (28.5% male; 69.7% female; 1.8% not specified) who reported that they had never been diagnosed with autism. Participants completed standardized measures assessing social camouflaging, autistic traits, social competence, and psychological distress via an online questionnaire. We found that women reported greater use of social camouflaging, and greater social camouflaging use was associated with worse psychological distress. We also found that both social competence and autistic traits were associated with the use of social camouflaging, with higher autistic traits influencing camouflaging use to a greater degree than low social competence. Compared with the use of compensation- and assimilation-based social camouflaging, masking was the least well explained by the current predictors. We conclude that social competence and autistic traits are important factors influencing the use of social camouflaging by non-autistic adults. However, there are other (unknown) factors that contribute to the use of each aspect of camouflaging by non-autistic individuals, and a deeper understanding of the individual motivations for social camouflaging use is still needed. In turn, this may allow for the development of psychosocial interventions to offset the need for social camouflaging and mitigate the negative psychological consequences often associated with its use.

Managerial Competence and Corporate Financialization

Along with the downward pressure of domestic and foreign economies, some real enterprises deviate from their main business to allocate financial assets, and the funds flowing to the real economy sector keep decreasing, which to some extent crowds out the enterprises' investment in their main business and may lead to the financialization of enterprises. This paper incorporates managerial competence under the rationality hypothesis into the analytical framework and examines the impact of managerial competence traits on corporate financialization using Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample. It is found that managerial competence significantly promotes corporate financialization, mainly in terms of increasing short-term financial asset allocation, which provides some reference and reference for real enterprises to make reasonable investment decisions.

Influence of facial dimorphism on interpersonal trust: weighing warmth and competence traits in different trust situations

Influence of facial dimorphism on interpersonal trust: weighing warmth and competence traits in different trust situations

Physician empathy in Korean clinical contexts: developing a conceptual framework and exploring influencing factors.

Despite its well-known clinical importance, physician empathy (PE) has been variably defined and its concepts among cultures are yet to be studied. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework of PE and explore influencing factors on physicians' empathetic behavior in the Korean clinical context. Forty-two faculty members and 67 residents participated in the two-round Delphi survey to arrive at a consensus regarding the conceptual framework of PE in 2019. To explore individual and external factors affecting physicians' empathetic behavior, a Likert scale questionnaire based on an initial free-text response was administered to the same participants. The conceptual framework of PE among Korean doctors consisted of basic communication skills and attitudes, cognitively understanding of patients' thoughts and emotions, and communicating the doctors' understandings to patients. Individual attributes and system- and patient-factors were revealed as influencing factors for PE in real practice. The former included communication ability, self-awareness and management, humanism, clinical competence, and good personality traits. Excessive workload, time constraints, aggressive attitudes, and negative preconceptions towards doctors were perceived as inhibiting or hindering empathy in patient care. PE in the Korean clinical context comprised behavioral and cognitive components. Individual attributes, as well as external factors including system- and patient-factors were identified to affect PE in clinical settings. Further studies are needed to enhance the conceptual clarity of PE and identify how to promote doctors' empathetic practice even in less favorable healthcare environments.

Associations among perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits in Japanese university students

Perceived health competence is thought to contribute to lifelong healthy behavior. However, the factors that affect perceived health competence have not been investigated. We investigated the associations among perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits in university students and proposed a model of how these factors affect perceived health competence. The participants were 320 Japanese university students who completed a questionnaire regarding their height, weight, perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits. The three-step multiple regression analysis showed that effortful control was positively associated with the perceived health competence, and self-control was positively with, and impulsivity was inversely associated with effortful control respectively, indicating that effortful control was an intermediate factor. Structural equation modeling showed a good fit for both genders, with a common path for both genders to perceived health competence via effortful control and a different involvement of personality traits for men and women. These results suggest that effortful control is directly associated with perceived health competence; in addition, both self-control and impulsiveness are indirectly associated with perceived health competence via effortful control.

The effects of internal feedback and self-compassion on the perception of negative feedback and post-feedback learning behavior

Negative feedback confronts learners with errors or failure but holds great learning potential. However, learners might perceive it as self-threatening, and thus react maladaptively. Feedback theories recommend prompting internal feedback prior to external feedback. And self-compassion is found to support adaptive reactions to failure. Thus, this study examined in a 2 × 2 factorial design the effects of prompting internal feedback or self-compassion, or both, on feedback perception and post-feedback learning behavior. Participants (N = 210) completed a brief difficult reasoning test and received failure feedback. Perceived acceptance and fairness of the feedback were higher in the internal feedback and self-compassion conditions compared to the control condition with no prompts. The intervention effects were higher for participants with high perceived competence and low trait self-compassion. No significant effects on post-feedback learning behavior were observed. The results highlight the relevance of internal feedback processes for feedback perception.

Dark triad traits are associated with a weaker morally-good true self bias in self-perceptions

ABSTRACT We examined whether Dark Triad (DT) traits moderate people’s tendency to associate moral traits with their true self. We hypothesized that people high in DT traits would show a weaker tendency to view moral (vs. immoral) characteristics as central to their identity. Undergraduate participants (N = 345) rated the perceived identity centrality of positive/negative traits in domains of morality/competence, and completed measures of psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. Positive moral (vs. immoral and positive competence) traits were seen as more identity central overall, but this effect was weaker among participants high in DT traits. Further, all DT traits negatively (positively) predicted the identity centrality of moral (immoral) traits. These findings extend work on true self-perceptions and moral identity in the Dark Triad.

When background music in audiovisual advertisements can boost the perceived competence of the advertised brands – an empirical study from South Korea

PurposeThe authors aim to explore whether and how variations on pitch levels of background music in audiovisual commercials affect consumers' judgments of the competence of the advertised brands and for which group of consumers such changes in ad backgrounds are more influential.Design/methodology/approachConsumers are presented with an audiovisual advertisement in which the pitch of background music is lowered or raised. They are subsequently asked to evaluate the music and traits of the advertised brand and indicate their predisposed styles of thinking.FindingsConsumers tend to judge a brand in an audiovisual commercial as possessing a higher level of competence traits when the brand is accompanied by lower-pitched (vs higher-pitched) background music, which is mediated by levels of powerfulness they perceive from the background music. Consumers with holistic (vs analytic) thinking styles, who are known to devote more focused attention to background information, tend to be more (vs less) susceptible to the changes in pitch.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research approaches thinking styles as predisposed individual differences as in prior works in marketing. Provided that the predisposed thinking styles can be influenced by individuals' cultural backgrounds, the authors suggest cross-cultural studies as an approach to further validate the present findings.Practical implicationsGiven the recent trends that consumers are increasingly exposed to audiovisual ads with the rapid growth of various video-based platforms (e.g. YouTube) and mobile advertising, this empirical study may assist contemporary marketers in considering an acoustic strategy for brand communication using the audiovisual advertisement. This study suggests that the pitch of ad background music can serve as a manageable strategic tool that can assist in establishing an image of a competent brand.Originality/valueThis research highlights a seemingly-trivial element in audiovisual advertisements, the pitch of background music, as a crucial determinant of the perceived competence of an advertised brand upon which further brand evaluations (e.g. brand trust, purchase intention) are based. An important yet overlooked effect of ad recipients' predisposed thinking styles on how consumers respond to the changes of background cues in audiovisual commercials is also proposed.

Raising a Child to Live in Society – Personality Traits Parents Develop and Prevent from Developing in their Preschool Children

Personal characteristics that parents want to shape in their children are called parental goals and can be divided into desired and undesired traits. Which of them are most and the least desirable by parents in context of developing child’s personality? Do parental goals change with the age of the child? The study was conducted on a sample of 319 parents of children aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old. Analyses were carried out using two data mining algorithms: (a) text mining algorithms, (b) support vector machine and (c) social network analysis, and (d) Aranowska's λ judge agreement coefficient. The results revealed that parents of preschool children care mainly about the development of competency traits, especially self-reliance. When it comes to undesirable traits, parents make sure that their children do not develop traits from the field of temperament - personality (especially aggressiveness) and traits from the area of lack of virtues (selfishness, laziness, lies). It is noticeable that when the child reaches the age of 4 the parental goals change. Based on the characteristics selected by parents, it can be correctly predicted how old the child is.

English Competencies and Challenges for Data Science and Cyber Security Students at Al Istiqlal University

This present research aims to determine the growing needs and challenges faced by Data Science and Cyber Security students at Al Istiqlal University's Faculty of Information Technology when learning the English language. It also tries to ascertain whether gender and level of competence affected their requirements and difficulties in mastering the English language. 35 cadets who are specializing in Data Science and Cyber Security make up the sample. The researcher gave out 39 questionnaire items divided into eight domains. The results show that cadets in Data Science and Cyber Security did not undergo any guidance regarding how to utilize English in the discipline while engaging in the analysis of data or cyber security keywords. Additionally, the study demonstrates that cadets majoring in data science and cyber security did not receive any guidance on how to learn to communicate in English, and the teaching activities in the English programs they had taken did not match their notions of the standards for expert English. Moreover, English proficiency requirements for cadets enrolling in Data Science and Cyber Security courses should be taken into consideration. Additionally, no statically meaningful differences in the demands for key competencies and barriers faced by Data Science and Cyber Security cadets are found when gender and competency traits are taken into consideration.