Self-management Competencies Research Articles

The relationship between self-efficacy and interpersonal competency in college students: Mediating effects of self-management competency and Gender group differences

The relationship between self-efficacy and interpersonal competency in college students: Mediating effects of self-management competency and Gender group differences

Competency need assessment: a gap analytic approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to adopt a gap analytic approach to identify competency needs and further estimate the strength of such managerial competencies in predicting job performance. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was administered on 106 managers from 18 pharmaceutical companies in Maharashtra, India to capture their self-perceptions on importance of competencies, current expertise levels and job performance. Further, relative competence metric, t-test and multiple regression analysis was employed for data analysis. Findings Results indicate incongruence in perceptions of managers for current expertise and importance across four managerial competencies, i.e., analytic skills, self-management, relationship management and goal and action management. Further, gap analysis and relative competence metric reveals negative gaps among managers for competency dimensions pertaining to quantitative ability, adaptability, influence co-workers, change management skills and planning and task execution. Furthermore, self-management competencies are found to wield maximum influence on the self-perceptions of job performance followed closely by relationship management and analytic skills. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, no study exists from pharmaceutical sector in India on managerial competencies and its impact on job performance. Also, authors have not come across any study in India that captures the competency needs through gap analysis and relative competence metric. This study attempts to fill both the aforementioned gaps in literature.

The impact of a self-management patient education program for patients with chronic heart failure undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation

ObjectiveTo evaluate a patient-centred self-management educational group program for patients with chronic systolic heart failure as compared to usual care education during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. MethodsA multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial of 475 patients was conducted. In the intervention condition, patients received the new self-management educational group program whereas in the control condition, patients received a short lecture-based educational program (usual care). The primary outcome was patients‘ self-reported self-management competence. Secondary outcomes included self-management health behaviour, health-related quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. Patients completed self-reported outcome measures at admission, discharge, and after 6 and 12 months. ResultsThere was a significant small between-group intervention effect on certain dimension of patients’ self-management competence (self-monitoring and insight) in short term (p<0.05). Furthermore, significant small effects were observed for treatment satisfaction at discharge as well as symptom monitoring after 6 months (p<0.05) and by trend on symptom monitoring and physical activity after 12 months. ConclusionsThe patient-centred self-management program might be more effective in certain self-management outcomes than a usual care education in both short-term and long-term periods. Practice implicationsTherefore, such programs may be considered for dissemination within cardiac rehabilitation.

Detrimental Effects of Workplace Bullying: Impediment of Self-Management Competence via Psychological Distress.

Emotional intelligence has been linked to various positive outcomes, such as organizational effectiveness, commitment, morale, and health. In addition, longitudinal studies demonstrate that the competencies of emotional intelligence may change and be developed over time. Researchers have argued that work relationships are important for the development of emotional competence, but their usefulness depends on the quality of the relationship. Workplace bullying is considered to be one of the most stressful phenomena in the workplace and an example of a dysfunctional and toxic relationship that has detrimental effects on an individual’s physical and psychological health. Hence, the objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship linking workplace bullying, psychological distress and the self-management competence of emotional intelligence. More specifically, we tested part of the model presented by Cherniss and Goleman (2001) in which researchers argued that individual emotional intelligence is a result of relationships at work. In addition, we extended the model by proposing that the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and the competence of self-management is explained by psychological distress. Data analysis of 326 participants from two private sector organizations in Italy demonstrated that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and the emotional intelligence ability of self-management. The present study’s findings point to the idea that, not only may emotional intelligence assist in handling exposure to workplace bullying, but exposure to workplace bullying may impede emotional intelligence via psychological distress.

Transition to hospital process orientation: The case of regional hospitals in Latvia

Management of processes instead of functions has growing importance into the health care. Transition to hospital process orientation (HPO) changes the way physicians and other health professionals have used to practice before. Study was performed to explore factors affecting introduction of HPO in Latvian hospitals responding to significant external pressures during the years of economic crisis to detect the best practices used for process management implementation in clinical setting. To reach the research goal dissimilarities between current performance and management of hospitals were explored. As changes in hospital reimbursement system demand improved efficiency, hospital’s performance was measured by decrease in avoidable hospitalisations, and increase in usage of more cost effective alternatives to a full hospitalisation. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate correlations of hospitalisation rates in Latvian hospitals to various outpatient health services utilisation indicators. This was done to exclude influence of external factors on hospital performance and to prove the positive impact of HPO initiatives on hospitalisation rate. Afterward the performance of all regional hospitals was compared and the two most distinct hospitals were selected for further in depth analysis. Operational data of the selected hospitals and a set of structured interviews outlined the differences between both hospital’s managerial practices and factors affecting the introduction of process oriented initiatives. The theoretical research together with comparative analysis of approaches used in both hospitals served as a basis for elaboration of recommendations towards development of HPO and facilitation of the development of self-management competence of health professionals.

Center-Based Quality Initiative Targets Youth Preparedness for Medical Independence: HEMO-Milestones Tool in a Comprehensive Hemophilia Clinic Setting.

Patient transition readiness self-assessment tools and investigation into patient and parent perceptions of the transition process from pediatric to adult care models have informed recognition of gaps in care, particularly for those with chronic disease. Implementation of a longitudinal transition process with patient tracking provides the opportunity for individualized education and skill building and fosters a patient-centered model. Quality improvement intervention was used to assess and improve our transition process at annual comprehensive clinic visits for patients with bleeding disorders at our tertiary care pediatric center. Thirty-one patients with rare bleeding disorders received an introduction to the transition process using the HEMO-milestones tool in our hemophilia comprehensive clinic from September to December 2014. The percentage of patients with documented, age-specific hemophilia knowledge/skill assessment increased from 21% to 97%. The percentage of patients with documented skill building or adult care transfer plan increased from 55% to 93%. Designated postclinic team debriefings facilitated the creation of collaborative documentation summarizing each patient's transition readiness and plan for continued skill building. The HEMO-milestones tool promotes a standardized approach to evaluation of self-management competency. When combined with a collaborative multidisciplinary effort, it increases plans for skill building in patients with hemophilia. This tool is easily modifiable for alternate subspecialty use and does not require extensive training for implementation.

Strengthening self-management competencies of Turkish family caregivers of people with dementia

Strengthening self-management competencies of Turkish family caregivers of people with dementia

A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the Flinders Program of chronic condition management in community health care services

ObjectivesTo evaluate the Flinders Program in improving self-management in common chronic conditions. To examine properties of the Partners in Health scale (PIH). MethodsParticipants were randomized to usual care or Flinders Program plus usual care. Self-management competency, quality of life, and other outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. ResultsOf 231 participants, 172 provided data at 6 months and 61 at 12 months. At 6 months, intention-to-treat outcomes favoured the intervention group for SF-12 physical health (p=0.043). Other pre-determined outcomes did not show significance. At 6 months intervention participants’ problem severity scores reduced (p<0.001) and goal achievement scores increased (p<0.001). Only 55% of the intervention group received a Flinders Program, compromising study power. The PIH was associated with other measures at baseline and for change over time. ConclusionIn a pragmatic community trial, the Flinders Program improved quality of life at 6 months. Incomplete in-practice intervention delivery limited trial power. Studies are now needed on improving delivery. The PIH has potential as a generic risk screening tool and predictive measure of change in self-management and chronic condition outcomes over time. Practice implicationsBetter implementation including service integration is required for improved chronic disease management.

Microlearning mApp raises health competence: hybrid service design.

Work place health support interventions can help support our aging work force, with mApps offering cost-effectiveness opportunities. Previous research shows that health support apps should offer users enough newness and relevance each time they are used. Otherwise the ‘eHealth law of attrition’ applies: 90 % of users are lost prematurely. Our research study builds on this prior research with further investigation on whether a mobile health quiz provides added value for users within a hybrid service mix and whether it promotes long term health? We developed a hybrid health support intervention solution that uses a mix of electronic and physical support services for improving health behaviours, including a mobile micro-learning health quiz. This solution was evaluated in a multiple-case study at three work sites with 86 users. We find that both our mobile health quiz and the overall hybrid solution contributed to improvements in health readiness, −behaviour and -competence. Users indicated that the micro-learning health quiz courses provided new and relevant information. Relatively high utilization rates of the health quiz were observed. Participants indicated that health insights were given that directly influenced every day health perceptions, −choices, coping and goal achievement strategies, plus motivation and self-norms. This points to increased user health self-management competence. Moreover, even after 10 months they indicated to still have improved health awareness, −motivation and -behaviours (food, physical activity, mental recuperation). A design analysis was conducted regarding service mix efficacy; the mobile micro-learning health quiz helped fulfil a set of key requirements that exist for designing ICT-enabled lifestyle interventions, largely in the way it was anticipated.

Examining Leadership Competencies during Economic Turmoil

The paper aims to present results of study examined leadership competencies during the economic turmoil in Lithuania, Latvia, Cyprus and Bulgaria. Challenges and change of generations conditioned by economical situation suppose re-thinking on leadership competencies and the need for purification of priorities while educating young leaders. The research indicated that leadership competencies consist of three blocks: (1) self-management competencies, (2) business management competencies and (3) people management competencies. Experts also assessed how young leaders dispose these competencies, and this allowed grounding of the need for development of leadership competencies relevant to young leaders during economic turmoil.

Competencies for open innovation for entrepreneurs in technological incubators: an empirical test in Romania

L’innovation ouverte augmente la performance des entreprises incubees, mais les capacites requises par les entrepreneurs dans ce contexte d’innovation demeurent inconnues. Cette etude vise a etendre la comprehension des capacites pour l’innovation ouverte en testant la pertinence du profil de competences pour l’innovation ouverte elabore par du Chatenier et collegues (2010) aupres des entrepreneurs ainsi que celle de capacites techniques de management existant dans la litterature. Pour cela, nous avons collecte des donnees sur les capacites aupres de 70 entrepreneurs dans six incubateurs technologiques en Roumanie. Les entrepreneurs ont evalue leurs capacites et indique pour chacune d’entre elles dans quelle mesure ils l’utilisent dans leurs projets d’innovation ouverte. Les donnees confirment la pertinence des capacites pour l’innovation ouverte, mais montrent que les capacites techniques de management ont de plus faibles scores que les autres. Les analyses factorielles ne confirment pas totalement les categories theoriques du profil de competences pour l’innovation ouverte, mais tendent a confirmer leur structure hierarchique qui differencie les competences liees au management de soi de celles liees au management des tâches. Les regressions montrent que les competences pour l’innovation ouverte sont davantage liees aux innovations radicales qu’aux innovations incrementales ou organisationnelles. Cette etude contribue a la litterature en entrepreneuriat en montrant la pertinence du profil de competences pour l’innovation ouverte pour les entrepreneurs. Le fait de connaitre les capacites requises pour l’innovation ouverte et de savoir comment les mesurer a des implications manageriales immediates et importantes. Les managers d’incubateurs peuvent mesurer les capacites et utiliser les competences liees au management de soi pour selectionner les entrepreneurs et les competences liees au management des tâches pour aider les entrepreneurs a les acquerir.

A multicenter, prospective, quasi-experimental evaluation study of a patient education program to foster multiple sclerosis self-management competencies

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the self-management training program “S.MS” for new multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. MethodMulticenter, prospective, quasi-experimental study with 31 MS patients in the intervention group (training program) and 33 participants in the control group (CG) (brochures). Data were collected before, after and 6 months after the interventions. Analysis of change was done by ANCOVA with repeated measurements. ResultsAt baseline, participants in CG were younger at the time of diagnosis, suffered more frequently from relapsing–remitting MS and took more MS-medication on a permanent basis. The intervention had a stable significant effect on each dimension of self-management ability, on total self-management ability (ES=0.194, p<0.001), on anxiety (ES=0.193, p=0.001), and on disease-specific quality of life (ES=0.120, p=0.007). Regarding depression, a significant interaction effect of time and intervention could be observed (ES=0.106, p=0.011). No effect was found on disease-specific knowledge. High participant acceptance was reported. Conclusion“S.MS” participation was associated with a significant and sustained improvement of self-management abilities, anxiety and disease-specific quality of life in a quasi-experimental study design. Using RCT or CRT-designs would be desirable to further improve the evidence of treatment effectiveness. Practice implicationsThis study provides substantial evidence that “S.MS” fosters patients’ self-management ability.

Self-management and information services delivery of library and information science professionals in federal universities in Nigeria

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on ongoing research examining the current level of self-management of library and information science (LIS) professionals in federal universities in Nigeria. The long-term objective of the study is to determine the effect of self-management on information services delivery of LIS professionals.Design/methodology/approach– A descriptive survey method was adopted to gather data from the LIS professionals in the selected 24 universities. The questionnaire was administered on 429 professionals (census) and all were received, processed, analysed and the results presented.Findings– The study reveals that majority of respondents have high level of self-management and applied relevant strategies that enabled them identify opportunities and act on them for personal and professional growth.Research limitations/implications– The study was limited to practising professionals in the federal university libraries but has implications for implementing continuing professional development for all professionals in similar institutions across Nigeria.Practical implications– The study places emphasis on professionals, library management and library schools that they cannot downplay the relevance of self-management in the workplace, consequently training should be ongoing.Originality/value– The future of LIS professionals has not been viewed in the light of adopting self-management competence on such a broad scale, and with a view to assessing how this skill can help change the perception of professionals to its relevant contribution to personal development and professional growth.

Interpersonal Conflict Management Styles and Emotion Self-Management Competencies of Public Accountants

The purpose of the study is to identify the preferred interpersonal conflict management style(s) and level of emotion self-management competencies (emotion expression and emotion regulation) of certified public accountants in the South African context. A cross-sectional design, including a biographical questionnaire, the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument and selected EQ-Map scales, was utilized to collect data from a convenience sample of respondents. The results show that respondents are able to adapt their conflict management styles to meet the demands of a specific accountant-client relationship. Accountants can also express their emotions when they use one of the more constructive conflict management styles. Their emotional expression is low when they use more destructive conflict management styles. However, they have some limitations in regulating their emotions. This failure to manage negative emotions could impact negatively on the accountant-client relationship. It is recommended that interventions should be implemented by the regulatory body (the CPASA) in South Africa to increase the awareness of certified public accountant. They need to understand the importance and use of conflict management styles and their competency in regulating their emotions constructively have to be enhanced. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p273

Adolescent Autonomy in Parent-child Relations

Abstract The role and functions of the adolescent-parent relations are considered as characteristics of the social situation of development. The developmental processes of the value, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of autonomy in their heterochrony are discussed. The results of the research demonstrated complicated non-linear relationship between the level of personality autonomy and child-parent relation's parameters (the level of parent's control, the adolescent's independence and self-management competence, communication and cooperation with parents).

Evaluation of a self-management patient education program for patients with chronic heart failure undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChronic heart failure requires a complex treatment regimen on a life-long basis. Therefore, self-care/self-management is an essential part of successful treatment and comprehensive patient education is warranted. However, specific information on program features and educational strategies enhancing treatment success is lacking. This trial aims to evaluate a patient-oriented and theory-based self-management educational group program as compared to usual care education during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Germany.Methods/DesignThe study is a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial in four cardiac rehabilitation clinics. Clusters are patient education groups that comprise HF patients recruited within 2 weeks after commencement of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Cluster randomization was chosen for pragmatic reasons, i.e. to ensure a sufficient number of eligible patients to build large-enough educational groups and to prevent contamination by interaction of patients from different treatment allocations during rehabilitation. Rehabilitants with chronic systolic heart failure (n = 540) will be consecutively recruited for the study at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation. Data will be assessed at admission, at discharge and after 6 and 12 months using patient questionnaires. In the intervention condition, patients receive the new patient-oriented self-management educational program, whereas in the control condition, patients receive a short lecture-based educational program (usual care). The primary outcome is patients’ self-reported self-management competence. Secondary outcomes include behavioral determinants and self-management health behavior (symptom monitoring, physical activity, medication adherence), health-related quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. Treatment effects will be evaluated separately for each follow-up time point using multilevel regression analysis, and adjusting for baseline values.DiscussionThis study evaluates the effectiveness of a comprehensive self-management educational program by a cluster randomized trial within inpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Germany. Furthermore, subgroup-related treatment effects will be explored. Study results will contribute to a better understanding of both the effectiveness and mechanisms of a self-management group program as part of cardiac rehabilitation.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00004841; WHO International Clinical Trials: = DRKS00004841

Work–Life Balance in the Police: The Development of a Self-Management Competency Framework

PurposeAddressing a gap in the current work–life balance (WLB) literature regarding individual-focused approaches to inform interventions, we elicited behaviors used to self-manage WLB to draw up a competency-based WLB framework for relevant learnable knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs; Hoffmann, Eur J Ind Train 23:275–285, 1999) and mapping this against extant WLB frameworks.Design/Methodology/ApproachOur participants were from a major UK police force, which faces particular challenges to the work–life interface through job demands and organizational cutbacks, covering a range of operational job roles, including uniformed officers and civilian staff. We took a mixed methods approach starting with semi-structured interviews to elicit 134 distinct behaviors (n = 20) and used a subsequent card sort task (n = 10) to group these into categories into 12 behavioral themes; and finally undertook an online survey (n = 356) for an initial validation. FindingsItem and content analysis reduced the behaviors to 58, which we analyzed further. A framework of eight competencies fits the data best; covering a range of strategies, including Boundary Management, Managing Flexibility, and Managing Expectations.ImplicationsThe WLB self-management KSAs elicited consist of a range of solution-focused behaviors and strategies, which could inform future WLB-focused interventions, showing how individuals may negotiate borders effectively in a specific environment.Originality/ValueA competence-based approach to WLB self-management is new, and may extend existing frameworks such as Border Theory, highlighting a proactive and solution-focused element of effective behaviors.

A tailored, dialogue-based health communication application for patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

BackgroundChronic low back pain is a common chronic condition whose treatment success can be improved by active involvement of patients. Patient involvement can be fostered by web-based applications combining health information with decision support or behaviour change support. These so-called Interactive Health Communication Applications (IHCAs) can reach great numbers of patients at low financial cost and provide information and support at the time, place and learning speed patients prefer. However, high attrition often seems to decrease the effects of web-based interventions. Tailoring content and tone of IHCAs to the individual patient ´s needs might improve usage and therefore effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate a tailored IHCA for people with chronic low back pain combining health information with decision support and behaviour change support.Methods/DesignThe tailored IHCA will be tested regarding effectiveness and usage against a standard website with identical content in a single-blinded randomized trial with a parallel design. The IHCA contains information on chronic low back pain and its treatment options including health behaviour change recommendations. In the intervention group the content is delivered in dialogue form, tailored to relevant patient characteristics (health literacy, coping style). In the control group there is no tailoring, a standard web-page is used for presenting the content. Participants are unaware of group assignment. Eligibility criteria are age ≥ 18 years , self- reported chronic low back pain, and Internet access. To detect the expected small effect (Cohen’s d = 0.2), the sample aims to include 414 patients, with assessments at baseline, directly after the first on-page visit, and at 3-month follow-up using online self-report questionnaires. It is expected that the tailored IHCA has larger effects on knowledge and patient empowerment (primary outcomes) compared to a standard website. Secondary outcomes are website usage, preparation for decision making, and decisional conflict.DiscussionIHCAs can be a suitable way to promote knowledge about chronic low back pain and self-management competencies. Results of the study can increase the knowledge on how to develop IHCAs which are more useful and effective for people suffering from chronic low back pain.Trial registrationInternational Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00003322

Patient-reported use of collaborative goal setting and glycemic control among patients with diabetes

ObjectiveLittle is known about how patient–clinician communication leads to better outcomes. Among patients with diabetes, we describe patient-reported use of collaborative goal setting and evaluate whether perceived competency and physician trust mediate the association between collaborative goal setting and glycemic control. MethodsData from a patient survey administered in 2008 to a cohort of insured patients aged 18+ years with diabetes who initiated oral mono-therapy between 2000 and 2005 were joined with pharmaceutical claims data for the prior 12 months and laboratory data for the prior and subsequent 12 months (N=1065). A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test mediation models controlling for baseline HbA1c. ResultsThe hypothesized mediation model was supported. Patient-reported use of more collaborative goal setting was associated with greater perceived self-management competency and increased level of trust in the physician (p<0.05). In turn, both greater perceived competence and increased trust were associated with increased control (p<0.05). ConclusionsFindings indicate that engaging patients in collaborative goal setting during clinical encounters has potential to foster a trusting patient–clinician relationship as well as enhance patient perceived competence, thereby improving clinical control. Practice implicationsFostering collaborative goal setting may yield payoffs in improved clinical outcomes among patients with diabetes.

A tailored, interactive health communication application for patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is an increasingly common chronic condition whose prognosis can be improved by patient involvement and self-management. Patient involvement can be fostered by web-based Interactive Health Communication Applications (IHCAs) combining health information with decision support, social support and/or behaviour change support. They reach great numbers of patients at low cost and provide high-quality information and support at the time, place and learning speed patients prefer. Still, online tools often suffer from high attrition. Tailoring content and tone of IHCAs to the individual patient´s needs might improve their effectiveness. This study aims to test the effectiveness and usage of a tailored IHCA combining health information with decision support and behaviour change support for patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods/designThe effectiveness and usage of the tailored IHCA will be tested against a standard website with identical content in a single-blinded randomized trial with a parallel design. The content covers information on type 2 diabetes, its complications and sequelae, and its treatment options including health behaviour. In the intervention group the content is delivered in dialogue form, tailored to relevant patient characteristics (health literacy, attitudes towards self-care, and barriers to insulin treatment). In the control group the different sections are presented in a content tree, without any tailoring. Participants are blinded to group assignment. Eligibility criteria are age ≥ 18 years, self-reported type 2 diabetes, and Internet access. The study aims to include 414 participants in order to detect the expected small effect (Cohen’s d=0.2), with measurements at baseline, directly after the first visit, and at 3-month follow-up. The primary hypothesis is that the tailored IHCA has larger effects on diabetes knowledge and patient empowerment (primary outcomes) than the standard website. Secondary outcomes are website usage as well as decisional conflict and preparation for decision making. All measurements are online self-report questionnaires.DiscussionIHCAs are a promising way to foster diabetes knowledge and self-management competencies. The present trial tries to increase the knowledge on how to develop more effective IHCAs for patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationInternational Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00003322