Comperative Study Research Articles

Comperative Study on Anesthetic Effect of Xylazine-Ketamine And Diazepam-Ketamine In Rabbit Model

This study was conducted to investigate the anesthetic effects of Xylazine-ketamine and Diazepam-ketamine in rabbits. Twelve adult white New-Zealand rabbits weighing 1.3+0.2 kg, were divided into two groups. A (Xylazine 5mg/kg – ketamine 35mg/kg) and B (Diazepam 5mg/kg – ketamine 35mg/kg). However, the following parameters were observed: analgesic effects (onset and duration) and clinical-parameters (means of heart-rates/BPM, respiratory-rates/BPM and rectal temperature. The onset was significantly p<0.05 increased, and the duration was significantly p>0.05 decreased in A. The heart-rate and the respiratory-rate was significantly p<0.01 decreased in A. But the rectal temperature decreased non-significantly p>0.05 in both groups. General observations: in Group A, urination, nasal-discharge, salivation and lacrimation were present, in Group B, defecation, corneal-reflex and pedal-reflex were observed at their peak. It was concluded that the xylazine-ketamine is used for clinical/surgical procedures, while diazepam-ketamine may further be investigated by using other analgesics with this combination.

The History of Electrospinning: Past, Present, and Future Developments

AbstractElectrospinning has rapidly progressed over the past few decades as an easy and versatile way to fabricate fibers with diameters ranging from micrometers to tens of nanometers that present unique and intricate morphologies. This has led to the conception of new technologies and diverse methods that exploit the basic electrohydrodynamic phenomena of the electrospinning process, which has in turn led to the invention of novel apparatuses that have reshaped the field. Research on revamping conventional electrospinning has principally focused on achieving three key objectives: upscaling the process while retaining consistent morphological traits, developing 3D nanofibrous macrostructures, and formulating novel fiber configurations. This review introduces an extensive group of diverse electrospinning techniques and presents a comperative study based on the apparatus type and output. Then, each process's advantages and limitations are critically assessed to identify the bona fide practicability and relevance of each technological breakthrough. Finally, the outlook on future developments of advanced electrospinning technologies is outlined, with an emphasis on upscaling, translational research, sustainable manufacturing and prospective solutions to current shortcomings.

A Comperative Study of Use Of Artificial Intelligence in Oral Radiology Education

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of artificial intelligence use in oral radiology learning in the undergraduate dental students. Materials&Methods: Fifty third-year students in the University of Lokman Hekim were detected images with the artificial intelligence method (AI) and standard lecture method (SL) for anatomical landmarks in panoramic radiographs. SL consisted of a frontal lecture through a standardized presentation. CranioCatch model (Eskisehir, Turkey) was used as deep learning-based artificial intelligence model. One panoramic image was loaded to the application and anatomic landmarks were detected by teacher, students were asked to mark. AI recorded and scored students answers. A questionnaire study was conducted for the perception of students in terms of validity and reliability regarding assessment and evaluation for each methods. Results: 50 undergraduate students (26 female,24 male) answered 7questions, 5-point Likert type. The conformity to the normal distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk test and the graphical approach (Normal Q-Q Plot). The values did not conform to the normal distribution. As a result of the reliability analysis performed for the measurement tool, the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was found 0.828. Wilcoxon Test was used to test the significance of the difference between each methods. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean values of evaluation measurements(p=0.014). AI was higher than the mean of evaluation measurement values compared to SL. Conclusion: AI models have performed very well in measurement and evaluation in oral radiology learning.

Comperative study between effect of hyalouronic acid and platelet rich plasma in treatment of knee osteoarthritis

comperative study between effect of hyalouronic acid and platelet rich plasma in treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitudes of Family Medicine Residents on Traditional and Complementary Medicine: A descriptive comperative study

Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitudes of Family Medicine Residents on Traditional and Complementary Medicine: A descriptive comperative study

A study on inspection schemes in optimal design of control charts for deteriorating processes

A study on inspection schemes in optimal design of control charts for deteriorating processes

Comperative Study between Caudal & Subarachnoid Block in Children for Sub-Umbilical Surgery

Background: Caudal block has slower onset and is frequently practiced as a supplemental but Sabarachnoid block has rapid onset and with good haemodynamic stabilityin children but there remains some hesitation in its use.affectivenes of subarachnoid block Objectives: To compare the time of onset of sensory block, its haemodynamic stability andaffectivenes of subarachnoid block in children for subumbilical surgery. Methods: In this study 60 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen and the procedure was explained to the patient’s attendant. After obtaining written and informed consent, patients were randomized into two equal groups of 30 each. Group-S was given spinalanaesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in a dose of 0.4mg/kg over 10 secends. Group-C was given caudal block with 0.25%plain bupivacaine 2mg/kg in volume of 1ml/kg. Patients were observed for time and duration of onset&level of sensory block, need ofadjuvants, hemodynamics condition and per-operative complications if any. Results: The study showed rapid onset of sensory block in Group-S without any supliment and with a good haemodynamics stability. Sensory level block achieved in more than 90% cases of group-S wasT6 while in group-C it was T8 level in 64% cases. No major per-operative complications occurred in either group. Conclusion: The anaesthesiologists who care for infants and children during their practice should have option for spinal anaesthesia as an alternative to general anaesthesia forshort surgical procedures below umbilicus requiring immediate relaxation. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 101-106

Functional outcome following fixation of fractures shaft of humerus - intramedullary nailing versus plate osteosynthesis: A comperative study

Background: The operative management of the fractures of shaft of humerus is most commonly accomplished with the help of Open Plate fixation or closed intramedullary interlocking Nails. Controversy exists so as to which modality is superior to the other. Hence the study was conducted with an aim to compare the functional outcome of humeral shaft fractures treated by two procedures - closed intramedullary interlocking nailing and open plate osteosynthesis. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study consisted of 32 participants who were recruited to both the study groups sequentially till the sample size was reached in each group. The participant allocation was done to either of the surgical procedures based on their preferences. Patients were evaluated both clinically and radiologically at the end of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year from the day of surgery. Study group (Plating Vs Nail) was considered as a primary explanatory variable. Time to union, functional outcome as assessed by American shoulder and elbow society score were considered as primary outcome variables of interest. Need for bone grafting was considered as the secondary outcome variable. Results: Both the study groups were comparable with respect to all the baseline variables. The proportion of subjects showing signs of the radiological union was 100% and 92.86% in plating and nailing group respectively. The proportion of subjects with radial nerve involvement was slightly higher in plating group, as compared to nailing group (12.5% vs 7.14%), but the difference was statistically not significant (P value=0.626). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of subjects needing bone grafting (18.75% in plating vs 14.29% in nailing group, P value 0.743). The meantime for union was slightly longer in plating group, as compared to nailing group (15.44 ± 2.39 vs 13.93 ± 1.85 Weeks, p value 0.067), which was statistically, not significant. The functional outcome at the end of follow up period as assessed by mean ASES score 26.44 ± 2.31 in plating vs 26.64 ± 1.65 in nailing group) was comparable between the two intervention groups. Conclusions: The radilogical and funtional outcome following humeral shat fracture treatment with plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing were comparable.

Analysis of the Knowledge and Attitude of Turkish Urology Residents on the Use of Fluoroscopy Working in University Hospitals and Training and Research Hospitals: A National Survey-Based Comperative Study

Analysis of the Knowledge and Attitude of Turkish Urology Residents on the Use of Fluoroscopy Working in University Hospitals and Training and Research Hospitals: A National Survey-Based Comperative Study

Stapled and open haemorrhoidectomy; A comperative study of early outcome

Background: Stapled Hemorroidectomy is more popular alternative, has higher safety profile, and quickly established than the open Hemorroidectomy procedure. Objective:The study aimed to compare between the early post-operative outcomes of open haemorrhoidectomy and stapled. Methods:A total of 50 patients between the age group 20 to 70years who were diagnosed with grade 3 and grade 4 hemorrhoids, were divided into two groups equally. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy contains 25 Patients undergoing and Open haemorrhoidectomy contains 25 Patients. Comparative analysis between the two groups were done based on student’s T test using SPSS 24 software version. The level of significance was set to 5% (p < 0.05). Results: There were 52% males and 48% females in Stapled haemorrhoidectomy groups and 64% males and 36% females in open haemorrhoidectomy group. 48% patients had grade 3 and 52% had grade 4 haemorrhoids in Stapled haemorrhoidectomy groups, and 44% had grade 3 and 56% had grade 4 haemorrhoids in open haemorrhoidectomy groups. In 16% of patients in stapled haemorrhoidectomy group and 24% of patients in open haemorrhoidectomy group blood loss was seen. In 12% of patients with staple haemorrhoidectomy and in 20% of patients with open haemorrhoidectomy was necessary supportive stitching. 52% of patients in open haemorrhoidectomy was observed residential prolapse but not in stapled haemorrhoidectomy patients. In the stapled group the duration of hospital stay (in days) was 1.96±0.82 days as compared to 3.98±0.78 days in the open group. Comparing to only 4% in the open group, 80% patients were discharged within 2 days in stapled group. In the open group at the end of 4 days 72% were discharged. Conclusions: Open haemorrhoidectomy at Milligan-Morgan is not easy as stapled haemorrhoidectomyinvolves shorter operation, fewer postoperative pain and an analgesic need, shorter hospital stays and a faster rehabilitation, earlier work back, the study confirms. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 438-443

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Beliefs Towards Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer Among Female University Students

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and beliefs towards breast self- examination (BSE) and breast cancer (BC) among female university students. Method: This descriptive and comperative study was conducted on nursing students (n=534) at a State University in Ankara, Turkey. 1) Questionnaire Form, 2) Champion Health Belief Model Scale, and 3) Beck Anxiety Scale were used to data collection. In data evaluation, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t test, the Pearson correlation, and ANOVA were used. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.30 ± 2.0 (min:18, max:40). 58.2% of the students had knowledge of BC, 47% of BSE and only 28.7% perform SBE. The students with knowledge about BSE and BC showed higher motivation and preventive health behaviors (p<0.05). Students who regularly perform BSE had a low perception of barriers, high confidence perception, and high health motivation (p<0.05). As students' health motivation and confidence increased, their anxiety scores decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The BSE rate was well below the desired level. It was determined that the female students had some positive health beliefs about BC and this situation has decreased their anxiety levels. It is recommended to consider the barriers in front of students' preventive health behaviors and to plan initiatives to develop sensitivity on this issue.

A Comperative Study of Instagram Pages of Two Leading Turkish Museums: Topkapı Museum and Sakıp Sabancı Museum

As the competition between the museums increase, tools like digital marketing are used to attract the stakeholders and increase museum attendance. By their nature, museums cannot be managed like regular consumer or industrial brands but there are areas where strategic moves can be made such as social communication. An important tool in this area is the social media where different means exist including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. Museums thrive to attract visitors and stay close to other stakeholders using social media. Playing a major role in tourism markets as well as cultural and educational areas, museums follow the developments in social media and adapt to changing environments. Different methods exist for the classification of museums and for this study institutional classification of museums, namely State versus Private museums were considered and compared. In Turkey, as Topkapı Museum is one of the most visited museums among state museums, whereas Sakıp Sabancı Museum is among the most visited private ones, Instagram pages of these museums were taken into consideration. This study analyzes @topkapi_sarayi and @sakipsabancimuzesi Instagram pages, compares them in terms of number of followers, posts, topics, views/likes, comments and other content. The analysis is made for the whole year 2021 coverage of each page. Content analysis technique has been applied as the research technique for the study. The data has been analysed and recorded between January 03, 2022 and January 20, 2022. As of the end of the recording period, Sakıp Sabancı Museum has approximately 196.000 followers versus Topkapı Museum has approximately 37.100 followers. The results indicate that Sakıp Sabancı Museum is much more active in terms of number of posts (337 versus 68 posts) and variety of topics shared (24 versus 8). Thus the result is reflected in the total number of Views/Likes/Comments; that is 570.855 Views/Likes and 2872 Comments for Sakıp Sabancı Museum and 137.052 Views/Likes and 674 Comments for Topkapı Museum. The study also points out some suggestions to improve Instagram Page quality, content and attract new followers for the museums. Keywords: Museum, Social media, Instagram, @topkapi_sarayi, @sakipsabancimuzesi

A Comperative Study on the Influence of Mineral Additives to the Physicomechanical Properties of NHL Mortars Cured in Water

This paper focuses on producing a natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortar with metakaolin, expanded perlite and tuff additives for the purpose of repairing historic masonry. The experimental study was based on laboratory tests for determining the mechanical and physical properties of NHL mortars with mineral additives, under standard and water curing conditions at 7, 28 and 90-day testing periods. Following preliminary tests for selecting most favourable materials; flexural strength, compressive strength, adhesion strength, modulus of elasticity and ultrasound tests were conducted for obtaining mechanical performance. Adhesion strength of mortars were determined by applying each mortar to the most common historic masonry materials. Physical performance of the pozzolan added mortars were investigated through; apparent density, bulk density, water permeability, capillary absorption, water vaporpermeability, porosity tests. Regardless of mineral additive type; water cured mortars reached higher physico-mechanical properties in comparison with the ones cured in relative humidity. Overall, water cured natural hydraulic lime mortars with specific amounts of mineral addition are found promising for the repair of historic masonry.

Emergency open tracheostomy and emergency percutaneous tracheostomy: A comperative study

Emergency Tracheostomy is a widely used procedure in intensive care unit in India. This study reveals that emergency percutaneous tracheostomy is better than emergency open tracheostomy. Percutaneous tracheostomy is associated with better outcome, less bleeding, shorter time, less sedation, less damage to the trachea, and low collection of hematoma.

Comperative study of aboveground biomass and carbon storage between Tembawang and conventional rubber agroforestry in West Kalimantan Indonesia

In the era of intensive oil palm and rubber plantations in Kalimantan, some local communities of Dayak's tribe in West Kalimantan preserved the traditional agroforestry system "Tembawang". In the last two decades, rubber has been planted traditionally by local communities since the expansion of rubber industries. This study aimed to compare tree above ground biomass (AGB) distribution and carbon storage in different DBH (diameter at breast height) classes between Tembawang and conventional rubber plantation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Vegetation transect analysis was carried out on two types of traditional agroforestry namely Tembawang and conventional rubber. AGB estimation was based on the existing allometric, carbon storage was estimated from the percentage of biomass. Total AGB of Tembawang was higher than conventional rubber plantation and significantly different (p < 0.01). The highest AGB accumulation both Tembawang and conventional rubber was found at above 50 cm diameter class. The aboveground carbon storage from Tembawang and conventional rubber plantation were 90.26 and 42.01 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The highest contribution to carbon storage was found at above 50 cm diameter class, estimated 62.58 % from Tembawang and 49.24 % from conventional rubber. AGB and carbon storage at traditional agroforestry in West Kalimantan were greater than varied different agroforestry system, also the estimated value was closed to tropical secondary forests. Tembawang agroforestry has good potential contribution to carbon storage and conservation of native fruit trees of Kalimantan.

Comperative Study on the Intervention of ‘Spice ‘ Mixture (SM) Prepared by Natural Food Additives (NFA) Alone or Intervention of SM with Mind Calming Exercise in the Management on Female Obesity

Obesity has become huge health problem in the entire world. In Sri Lanka, the prevalence of obesity is estimated to be 20.3% in men and 36.5% in women in four provinces. Further, the highest prevalence rate in Western Province, especially in Colombo was estimated to be 32.2%, among adults. Obesity is associated with osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, gall stones, and hiatus hernia. In addition to this obesity is related to numerous other problems, such as menstrual and mental disorders and varicose vein etc. According to the concept of Unani four treatment modalities are there; they are known as Dieto therapy (Ilaj Bil Ghiza), Pharmaco therapy (Ilaj Bil Dawa), Regimental therapy (Ilaj Bit Tadbeer) and Surgery (Ilaj Bil Yad). Biomarkers such as Lipid profile (VLDL, LDL, HDL And Serum triglycerides), Haemoglobin percentage, SGPT and SC (Serum Creatinine) were considered. Blood sample analysis was performed at NATH (National Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital), Borella, National Diabetic Centre, Rajagiriya and Asiri Hospitals Ltd. According to Unani or Greco-Arabic medical concept, improper digestion may play a main role to cause obesity. Improper digestion was corrected by using a ‘spice’ mixture made by Natural Food Additives (NFA), which possesses the actions of carminative, digestive and strengthens the gastro-intestinal tract. The preparation of ‘spice’ mixture included Natural Food Additives (NFA). They are Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii), Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Black Pepper (Piper nigram). Studies revealed that waist circumferences (WC) is closely linked to CV disease risk factors. Also, WHO Expert Committee on Obesity in Asian and Pacific populations suggested that revised cutoff points for WC: 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women to identify patients with abdominal obesity. South Asians are more prone to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemic state of abdominal obesity. Study concluded that the intervention of ‘spice’ mixture reduces obesity and the effective mind calm exercises would give more beneficial effect in weight reduction.

Comperative Study of Maceration and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Galantamine and Lycorine Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galanthus Elwesii Hook

Galanthus elwesii Hook is a medically and economically important species that contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids galantamine and lycorine with well-known biological activities. In a field experiment, different plant parts of G. elwesii were harvested at three growing stages: flowering, post-flowering and fruit set. A comparative evaluation of maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction of galantamine and lycorine from these plant parts was implemented. The antioxidant activities and the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid of different plant parts were also investigated. The quantfication of galantamine and lycorine in the extracts was carried out by Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The HPLC analysis showed that ultrasonic-assisted extraction displayed higher quantities of galantamine, lycorine, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid and stronger antioxidant activity than maceration extraction. The highest amount of galantamine and lycorine was found in the root and leaf samples taken at fruit set as 89.27 and 23.20 µg g-1, respectively. Further, the leaf and bulb samples of fruit formation yielded the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 45.58 and 60.92 GAE g-1 DW, respectively. In addition, higher antioxidant activities were observed with the leaf and bulb samples harvested at the stage of fruit set.

Comparative Study of The Effect of Training on Nurses Performance Related To The Safety Targets of Fall Risk Patients at General Hospital Indonesian Christian University Jakarta

Patient’s Safety is part a service system in a hospital to give comfort and protection, so the patient feel more secured. Fall patient’s accident is mostly reported happen to adult patient when they were having a care unit. Patien’s safety training is purposed to add nurses performance motivation to prevent fall patient. This research is meant to see whether there is a connection between the workshop, attitude, motivetion of nurses performance and the patient safety from fall accident in General Hospital Indonesian Christian University, Jakarta. This research used quantitative method combine with comparative study design. This comperative study is conducted by comparing the nurses performance toward patient safety of fall accedent between those who had the trainng workshop and those who dont have the training workshop. The ammount of the sample to this research is 94 respondents, which is divided into two groups. 56 respondents who had the workshop training and 38 respondents who did not have workshop training. Then two these two groups are conducted an osbervation and being compared. The technique of sample taking is using total sampling technique. The result of this research showed that there is an influence of training (p=0,000) motivation (p = 0,010), to patient safety of fall accident prevention OR (Odd Ratio) valvue is 8,603 times higher than to thoses who did not have the patient safety training workshop. This research recommends the necessary to conduct a workshop training to develop attitude, motivation and standarized nurse performance to prevent patient fall accident risk.

Comperative Study of Laser Haemorrhoidoplasty and Miligan-Morgan Haemorrhoidectomy in 2nd and 3rd Degree Haemorrhoid

Background: Arterial overflow in the superior hemorrhoidal arteries would lead to dilatation of the hemorrhoidal venous plexus, according to the ‘‘vascular’’ theory. Hemorrhoid laser procedure (LHP) is a new laser procedure for outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids in which hemorrhoidal arterial flow feeding the hemorrhoidal plexus is stopped by laser coagulation. Compare the hemorrhoid laser procedure with Miligan-Morgan open surgical procedure for outpatient treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoids. 
 Material and methods: This study was conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) and Private Hospital in Chittagong. Patients with symptomatic grade II or grade III hemorrhoids with minimal mucosal prolapse were eligible for the study: 30 patients treated with the laser hemorrhoidoplasty, and 30 patients–with Miligan-Morganhemorrhoidectomy. Operative time and postoperative pain with visual analog scale, were evaluated.
 Results: A total number of 60 patients (33 men and 27 women, mean age 45 years) entered the trial. Significant differences between laser hemorrhoidoplasty and Miligan-Morgan surgical procedure were observed – i) Operative time ii) Early postoperative pain. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding peri-operative and the early postoperative period: 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 1 month after respective procedure.
 Conclusions: Laser hemorrhoidoplasty procedure is more preferred in comparison with conventional open surgical hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative pain is significantly lesser in laser procedure compared with surgical procedure
 JCMCTA 2020 ; 31 (1) : 86-89

Implementation Analysis of Trans Mebidang Program in Transportation Mode Services, North Sumatera (Comperative Study of Medan City)

Trans Mebidang is a bus rapid transit system in the province of North Sumatra that operates in Medan, Binjai, and Deli Serdang districts. Operated by Perum Damri, this BRT has been operating at the end of 2015, after being delayed from the 2013 target, with a fleet of 30 air-conditioned buses spread across two corridors, in its journey from 2015-2020 this rapid bus has become the capital of the capital mode. for the people of Medan City, Binjai and Deli Serdang. This study aims at how the implementation of the Trans Mebidang Program in Transportation Mode Services in North Sumatra (Comparative Study of Medan City). This study uses a qualitative analysis using the P4 analytical system approach which is planning, regulation, supervision and control. From the research results obtained the status of Medan, Binjai and Deli Serdang (Mebidang) As a National strategic area and strengthened by the existence of the Governor of North Sumatra Governor Regulation Number 31 of 2014 concerning Road-based Mass Public Transport Services in Urban Areas of Medan, Binjai and Deli Serdang, in program implementation has been running but not yet effective, efficient and productive. Because there are still many main and supporting infrastructure facilities that are still lacking in supervision and control. Recommendations and suggestions in this study Local Government which is integrated with mass transportation program is expected to work hand in hand to strengthen the North Sumatra government program, it is time for the Regional Government to develop spatial planning by strengthening vehicle ratios and strengthening SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) that must be strengthened and actually.