Compensation Value Research Articles

516 Alternative Clinical Trials Staffing Models for Improved Efficiency, Retention, and Profitability

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: High turnover rates of clinical trials staff pose obstacles to the quality and efficiency of conducting clinical trials. We have explored alternative staffing models to address these translational barriers and to improve the financial viability and return on investment of a centralized clinical trials office. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Implementation of an alternative clinical trials staffing model that leveraged burnout rates in clinical service areas by hiring APPs, RNs, EMTs, OTs and PTs in tandem with traditional CRAs/CRCs. Financial modelling of employing higher salaried clinical professionals was analyzed with regards to greater staff retention, trials efficiency, and operational cost savings. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since 2014, 30 of 51 (59%) staff left the clinical trials office with 49% of these leaving prior to 2 years employment. Using average local CRCII compensation values, the costs associated with these transient staff amounted to $2.51 million (i.e., recruitment, replacement, and training). Models of staffing that replace 2 CRAs, 2 CRCIs and 2 CRCIIs with an RN, APP, CRCI and 3 CRAs increases compensation by 24.1%. This increase, however, is offset by greater workload capacity, retention, and more efficient trials operations. In addition, revenue generating PI clinical activity is sustained by employing credentialed APPs for study visits. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Long-term financial savings and greater clinical trial operational efficiency may be accomplished by seeking clinical professionals looking for alternative opportunities with greater work-life balance while leveraging their advanced clinical skills and licensing.

Diopter detection method based on optical imaging.

The peripheral retinal refractive state plays an important role in eye growth and development and is closely related to the development of myopia. Existing methods for measuring the peripheral retinal refractive state are cumbersome and can only detect in a limited range. To address the above shortcomings, this paper proposes a retinal refractive state detection method using optical refractive compensation imaging. First, a series of defocus images is captured using an optical system, and then the images are enhanced and filtered. Subsequently, the Sobel function is applied to calculate sharpness, and the asymmetric Gaussian (AG) model is employed for peak fitting, allowing for the determination of the fundus retina's overall refractive compensation value. We performed consistency analysis on the central and peripheral diopters with autorefractor KR-8900 (Topcon, Japan) and WAM-5500 (Grand Seiko, Japan), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) are all greater than 0.9, showing good consistency. This is a promising alternative to the current techniques for assessing the refraction of the peripheral retina.

Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control of MMC Sub-Module Based on Neural Network Prediction

The issue of sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage unbalance is a hot topic in the current research into the modular multilevel converter (MMC). An excellent strategy comprises mitigating the SM capacitor voltage imbalance by adjusting the SM on time. The traditional capacitor voltage balancing control regulates the speed to maintain accuracy. A unique SM capacitor voltage balancing control strategy is presented in this paper and is based on conventional capacitor voltage balance management and neural network prediction. Firstly, the SM capacitor voltage and arm current are speculated by operating the time series forecasting technique in real time, considering the dynamic changes in the SM capacitor voltage and arm current. Secondly, the SM capacitor voltage distinction between the actual and theoretical value is determined, and a deviation’s mixed Gaussian distribution is established to estimate its compensation voltage. Thirdly, the SM triggering sequence is anticipated by using the neural network along with the pilot values of the SM capacitor voltage, arm current, and the offset compensation value, and the control is executed. Finally, a three-phase, six-leg, eight-module, nine-level MMC model is built to verify the feasibility of the suggested approach.

Active Compensation Technology for the Target Measurement Error of Two-Axis Electro-Optical Measurement Equipment.

For two-axis electro-optical measurement equipment, there are many error sources in parts manufacturing, assembly, sensors, calibration, and so on, which cause some random errors in the final measurement results of the target. In order to eliminate the random measurement error as much as possible and improve the measurement accuracy, an active compensation technique for target measurement error is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the error formation mechanism and error transfer model establishment of the two-axis electro-optical measurement equipment were studied, and based on that, three error compensation and correction methods were proposed: the least square (LS)-based error compensation method, adaptive Kalman filter(AKF)-based error correction method, and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-based error compensation method. According to the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation comparison, the proposed RBFNN-based error compensation method was identified as the optimal error compensation method, which can approximate the random error space surface more precisely, so that a more accurate error compensation value can be obtained, and in order to improve the measurement accuracy with higher precision. Finally, the experimental results proved that the proposed active compensation technology was valid in engineering applicability and could efficiently enhance the measurement accuracy of the two-axis electro-optical measurement equipment.

The influence of job satisfaction on retention of primary healthcare professionals in Tamil Nadu

Stability among healthcare professionals is considered critical to providing excellent care. Job satisfaction has a significant impact on the productivity and efficiency of human resources in the healthcare industry. This cross-sectional study examined the job satisfaction and retention intentions of healthcare professionals in primary healthcare centers in Tamil Nadu. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 334 respondents using a validated structured questionnaire. The empirical research revealed that their work values were the most significant predictor of job satisfaction among PHC employees. On the other hand, time pressure had the least significant relationship with PHC employee satisfaction. The findings indicate that targeted interventions to enhance health workers' job satisfaction, reduce stress, and increase positive work values are essential to creating a positive work environment and increasing job satisfaction. This study adds to the literature on job satisfaction and retention of primary healthcare workers in Tamil Nadu. We recommend that healthcare managers promote and enforce PHC workers' work values to keep them positive. Work values and PHC workers' satisfaction and intention to stay have received little research attention. One of the first studies to empirically examine quality improvement, time pressure, commitment, compensation, and work values as dimensions of job satisfaction among health professionals in Tamil Nadu Primary Health Care Centers.

A community group decomposition of the willingness to accept: evidence from sand, stone and gravel mining activities in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Households in the immediate vicinity of sand, stone and gravel river mining all receive negative externalities, but some of them also benefit from mining activities. Differences in the perceived effects between community groups affect their acceptance of negative externalities. This study decomposes the calculation of the mean willingness to accept (MWTA) negative externalities from river mining activities between two community groups in the Batang Anai River area in the Padang Pariaman Regency, Sumatra, Indonesia: (a) farmers and (b) individuals involved in mining activities. First, the logit model is used to determine the effect of household characteristics on the probability of the community declaring environmental degradation. Next, the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method (DC-CVM) is employed to estimate the residents’ willingness to accept (WTA) the minimum value of compensation due to negative externalities from mining activities. We utilise four scenarios to prove the presence of bias if the decomposition is not taken into account in estimating the MWTA. According to estimation results, individuals who are engaged in mining have a 21% lower MWTA value than farmers. Meanwhile, indirectly affected communities who engage in mining have a MWTA value that is 32% lower than that of farmers. The implication of this study is that the decomposition of the MWTA by community groups is important to provide the real value of negative externalities.

Farmers’ willingness to accept compensation for ginkgo conservation: evidence from rural Taixing, China

Numerous potential socioeconomic benefits provided by ginkgo resources have been identified but these have been threatened due to insufficient conservation over recent decades. Economic compensation is essential to induce enthusiasm for conservation. This paper examines the farmers’ willingness to accept ginkgo conservation compensation as well as other influencing factors based on survey data from 208 households. The results show that: first, the compensation amounts for the three different ginkgo conservation values are 820.86, 249.03, and 71.29 yuan per tree, respectively. Second, the overall compensation value is 388.17 yuan per tree with an average of 8430.83 yuan per household. Third, factors that influence the conservation compensation values are size-specific. Specifically, for large ginkgoes, a given respondent’s age, gender, job, household income, the number of large ginkgoes and arable land area are the most important factors. For medium ginkgoes, the area of arable land and farmers’ willingness to protect ginkgo trees are the key determining factors. By contrast, the requisite factors are different for small size ginkgo trees. A given respondent’s job, the arable land area and farmers’ perception of the importance of conducting conservation for local development are found to have significant impacts. These findings provide a useful base for assessing the conservation value for this endangered and valuable forest resource. Furthermore, the results also indicate that a size-based payment for farmers’ ginkgo conservation behaviors can be a useful economic tool to induce and deepen the latter’s conservation efforts.

What guidance exists to support patient partner compensation practices? A scoping review of available policies and guidelines.

An integral aspect of patient engagement in research, also known as patient and public involvement, is appropriately recognising patient partners for their contributions through compensation (e.g., coauthorship, honoraria). Despite known benefits to compensating patient partners, our previous work suggested compensation is rarely reported and researchers perceive a lack of guidance on this issue. To address this gap, we identified and summarised available guidance and policy documents for patient partner compensation. We conducted this scoping review in accordance with methods suggested by the JBI. We searched the grey literature (Google, Google Scholar) in March 2022 and Overton (an international database of policy documents) in April 2022. We included articles, guidance orpolicy documents regarding the compensation of patient partners for their research contributions. Two reviewers independently extracted and synthesised document characteristics and recommendations. We identified 65 guidance orpolicy documents. Most documents were published in Canada (57%, n = 37) or the United Kingdom (26%, n = 17). The most common recommended methods of nonfinancial compensation were offering training opportunities to patient partners (40%, n = 26) and facilitating patient partner attendance at conferences (38%, n = 25). The majority of guidance documents (95%) suggested financially compensating (i.e., offering something of monetary value) patient partners for their research contributions. Across guidance documents, the recommended monetary value of financial compensation was relatively consistent and associated with the role played by patient partners and/or specific engagement activities. For instance, the median monetary value for obtaining patient partner feedback (i.e., consultation) was $19/h (USD) (range of $12-$50/h). We identified several documents that guide the compensation of specific populations, including youth and Indigenous peoples. Multiple publicly available resources exist to guide researchers, patient partners and institutions in developing tailored patient partner compensation strategies. Our findings challenge the perception that a lack of guidance hinders patient partner financial compensation. Future efforts should prioritise the effective implementation of these compensation strategies to ensure that patient partners are appropriately recognised. The patient partner coauthor informed protocol development, identified data items, and interpreted findings.

Responsibility-sharing and compensation scheme of transboundary water pollution embodied in China's inter-provincial trade: a perspective from economic value capturing.

Transboundary water pollution induced by inter-regional trade is a complex and challenging issue due to the multiple jurisdictions involved. This study combined water pollution discharge inventory, multi-regional input-output analysis, discharge responsibility-sharing, and ecological compensation model to advance the collaborative control of water pollution embodied in China's inter-provincial trade. Over a fifth of China's water pollution discharges in 2017, equivalent to 1376 Kt, were a result of inter-provincial trade, which primarily flowed from wealthier coastal provinces to less developed ones. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates a mismatch between economic gains and environmental costs. In particular, Jiangxi and Guangxi bear the greatest environmental impact (64 and 58 Kt, respectively) while only receiving meager economic returns (131 and 80 billion Yuan). The economic benefit shared responsibility results for the great majority of provinces fell between production- and consumption-based discharges, and this compromise-based allocation of responsibility is more likely to gain acceptance across various regions. Provinces such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Beijing necessitate the highest compensation volumes to others, with 31 Kt, 25 Kt, and 20 Kt, respectively, while provinces including Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Ningxia require the largest inflows of compensation, totaling 26 Kt, 23 Kt, and 18 Kt, respectively. The compensation outcomes ensure that less developed regions, bearing a greater pollution burden, receive compensation from more developed regions with lower pollution burdens. The compensation values aligned with compensation volumes, with a few exceptions driven by variations in shadow prices of water pollution. Our study sheds light on the inter-provincial water pollution burdens and benefits and provides a quantitative basis for optimizing the responsibility-sharing and compensation strategies in China, thereby promoting regional cooperation on water pollution control.

Vai trò của thương hiệu tuyển dụng tại Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Tài chính Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the influence of factors on the employer brand of Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance (UEF). Data were collected from 270 employees who were hired and have been working at the university more than 1 year. The reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. EFA factor analysis and regression analysis were used to find and evaluate factors affecting the employer brand of UEF. The result of research also showed that employer brand is measured by 5 factors including: (1) Application value; (2) Communication value; (3) Interesting value; (4) Compensation value; (5) Development value. However, Development value has a very low impact on the Employer Brand. The result also indicated that Interesting Value has a negative impact on the employer brand of UEF. Employer branding is a long-term strategy and the goal to manageme and improve the attitudes and behaviors of employees. This strategy can be adjusted so as to make the effort in improving the human resource policies at school.

Legal Completion of the Law on Land Acquisition for Socio-Economic Development Purposes in Vietnam

Lawsuits related to land acquisition activities for socio-economic development purposes are widespread. Most projects have cases where people with land acquired lodge lawsuits to protect their legitimate rights and interests. This fact shows that the land acquisition for socio-economic development purposes and legal provisions, as well as the mechanism of compensation, support, and resettlement applicable to persons whose land is acquired, still needs more to be considered for amendment and supplementation. In particular, the determination of the scope and limit of land acquisition, the compensation value, and policies on support and resettlement are the core issues to ensure the balance of interests of both the State, investors, and people whose land is acquired not only in the short term but also in the long term. The article synthesizes existing inadequacies and offers several grounded and long-term solutions and recommendations in land acquisition activities for socio-economic development.

Online Public Opinion Analysis Model Based on Long Short-term Memory Network and Expectation Maximization

Abstract With the rapid dissemination of online public opinion, its emotions are easily transmitted to the general public. It possesses a certain level of social mobilization capacity and can impact the stability of society. To characterize the sentiment trend of social network information and determine its influence, we have proposed a method based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and expectation maximization(EM). This model employs a long short-term memory network for data training, obtaining the number of positive public opinions through word-to-word matching. Based on the expectation-maximization method and Jensen’s inequality, the lower bound of the maximum likelihood function is iteratively computed, ultimately achieving convergence of this likelihood function. This convergence value is then used for sentiment analysis. Our study utilizes 10,000 valid pieces of data from the Sina microblog as experimental data. By comparing our model with the K-MEANS model and the EM model, the results indicate significant improvements in the accuracy and convergence of our model. Our research discovers that the influence of public opinion increases as the compensation value for adoption rises, and the probability of public opinion generation gradually increases with the length of user registration years, eventually slowing down.

The Value of Environment Health Risks and Wage Compensation: Evidence from Selected Industries of Punjab, Pakistan

The study's key objective empirically examines the compensating wage and income differential for Pakistan's workers in various risky industries. This study estimates the cost of occupational health risks in Pakistan’s diverse industries. The FFL quantile-decomposition method, the hedonic wage equation, and the VSL approach investigate the factors affecting wage differentials, risky job selection, and the total health risks cost in hazardous workplace settings. The wage differentials associated with perilous workplace conditions follow a quadratic trend, demonstrating that illiterate and impoverished workers are well-informed about potentially dicey settings. However, they are compelled to work as the stagnant labor market lacks alternatives. In contrast, skilled workers are compensated for occupational health risks because of the high demand. The estimated annual cost of health risks associated with potentially dangerous occupational settings is $5 million for industrial workers and $8 million for radiographers. Firms should build a framework for reducing work-related injuries, including employee self-assessment programs, accident prevention training, anti-smoking campaigns, stress management education, ergonomic management, and nutritional awareness to reduce workplace illnesses.

Gender differences in lead executive compensation: evidence from intercollegiate athletics

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the literature examining gender differences in executive compensation by assessing whether gender is systematically associated with the guaranteed base salary and maximum potential compensation of the athletic director (AD) who serves as the lead executive of the organization in intercollegiate sport. We utilize National Collegiate Athletic Association compensation data from the United States spanning from 2009 to 2020. We match this with data capturing AD personal characteristics and institutional factors to produce a sample of 613 annual observations. The results from panel regressions and Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions indicate statistically significant evidence that women ADs earn lower base salaries than men ADs after controlling for numerous personal and institutional characteristics. These results suggest potential gender-specific discriminatory treatment in guaranteed compensation. The modeling also produces largely non-significant evidence to suggest women ADs sign employment contracts specifying lower maximum potential compensation values. Overall, the results suggest a sizeable executive compensation gap in a sport setting subject to substantial public awareness and media attention.

An iterative path compensation method for double-sided robotic roller forming of compact thin-walled profiles

High-precision robotic forming of ultrahigh strength materials is challenging due to the significant stiffness deformation of industrial robots. In this work, a double-sided robotic roller forming process was developed to form ultrahigh strength steels to thin-walled profiles. Synchronized laser heating prior to plastic deformation was initially introduced as a means of reducing the required forming forces. Considering the varying forming forces during the compensation of stiffness-deformation-induced path deviation, an iterative path compensation method was proposed and implemented to enable continuous adjustments of path compensation values, utilizing a robot stiffness model and the correlation between compensation values and forming forces. Results show that laser heating has a significant positive effect on reducing springback angle due to the decrease of forming forces, while the path compensation facilitates the forming of compact thin-walled profiles with sharp bending radii. It is validated that the proposed method for iterative path compensation is conducive to the determination of the optimized path compensation values with limited iterations.

Analysis of the Degree of Influence of External Unfairness of Executive Compensation on the Stability of Corporate Management Teams

Abstract This paper uses explanatory variables to carry out the degree of executive unfairness on the stability of the team, using the number of members serving in the sample period to measure the stability of the executive team, the introduction of risk-taking, inefficient investment mediating variables on the role of corporate merger and acquisition behavior impact path. By calculating the causal relationship between executive team stability and corporate technological innovation performance, it is concluded that the degree of external positive inequity in compensation impacts corporate stability. It is found that the mean value of executive compensation in the agriculture and forestry industry is 0.287, the median is 0.193, and the average annual growth rate of average executive compensation is 24.2%, which can provide practical suggestions for corporate managers and decision-makers about compensation setting and team building.

State of health estimation based on inconsistent evolution for lithium-ion battery module

Estimating state of health for battery module is one of the most significant and challenging techniques to promote the commercialization of electric vehicles. Based on the relationship changes of branch current and its estimation error during aging, a state of health estimation general framework is presented for battery module. Firstly, the parallel battery module aging experiment is designed. In addition, the consistency changes of branches were analyzed. A neural network model utilizing dual back-propagation for estimating branch current errors was developed by employing the experimental data of battery module. Through estimation error of branch current under five working conditions, two aging characteristics are extracted, one is the slope of compensation value and current, the other is the slope of compensation value and current change rate. These features are fed into gaussian process regression training to obtain a state of health estimation model for the battery module. Furthermore, the model is validated with new european driving cycle working condition. Finally, a dual bidirectional long short-term memory neural network is utilized to illustrate the versatility of the presented universal framework, which can effectively estimate state of health of battery module with the maximum relative error of 2.1226 %.

Study of the Influence of Macrogeometry Parameters on the Tightness of Shaft–Seal Joints

The factors influencing the reliability and durability of the joint between a shaft and a rubber reinforced seal are analyzed. It has been established that the theory of tightness of such joints has not yet been developed. The quality of a joint is usually assessed by the amount of leakage. It has been revealed that the amount of leakage depends on the materials from which the shaft and seal are manufactured, the roughness of the shaft surface, the presence of dust in the friction zone, the quality of the sealed liquid, and the operating temperature. In addition, the durability of the work is influenced by macrogeometry parameters like deviation from the perpendicularity of the seal to the shaft, deviation from coaxiality, and radial runout of the shaft. A multifactorial experiment has been carried out, as a result of which an empirical relationship has been established between the radial runout of the shaft, rotational speed, and interference in the joint according to the criterion of the onset of leaks. Analysis of the obtained dependence showed that the radial runout should be compensated by interference in the joint, and with an increase in the rotation speed, the compensation value should be greater due to the fact that the working edge of the seal does not have time to follow the shaft. An empirical relationship between the amount of interference and leakage has been obtained, which indicates that with lower interference, leakage will be greater. The research results can be used at the stage of designing assembly units with seals to reduce the influence of radial runout and deviations from the coaxiality of the shaft relative to the seal.

Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Perusahaan Perkebunan di Tapanuli Selatan

: The quality of human resources is one of the factors for increasing the productivity and performance of a company. One of the goals of improving the quality of human resources is to ensure that the organization/company has quality people to achieve organizational goals. As one of the main drivers in the smooth running of a company's activities, the important role of human resources requires every company to pay attention to and motivate its employees to provide good performance. The research method used is an associative method with a quantitative approach, which can be interpreted as a research statement that asks about the relationship between two or more variables. The population in this study were 33 employees who worked at the Medan Plantation Company. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire. Based on the results of partial hypothesis testing, the results showed that each compensation and job satisfaction variable had a partial effect on employee performance. The results of the simultaneous testing resulted in an F-count value of 8,472 with a significance level of 0.000, while the f-table value at alpha 5% was 3.32, therefore based on the calculation results it was concluded that F-count > F-table and the significance level was 0.001 < 0.05 shows that compensation and job satisfaction together have a positive and significant influence on employee performance in Plantation Companies. The results of testing the coefficient of determination (R2), obtained an R-Square value of 0.361, this means that 36.1% of the variation in employee performance values ​​is determined by the role of variations in compensation values ​​and job satisfaction so it can be concluded that the contribution of compensation values ​​and job satisfaction in influencing employee performance was 36.1% while 63.9% was the contribution of other variables not included in this research.

Sosialisasi Proses dan Tahapan Pengadaan Tanah sesuai Regulasi untuk Lokasi Komplek Perkantoran Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Tengah di Desa Kadaridi, Distrik Wanggar Makmur, Kabupaten Nabire, Provinsi Papua Tengah

The purpose of this community service is to increase understanding and knowledge related to the processes and stages according to the regulations governing land acquisition and the process of calculating the value of compensation in accordance with Law No. 2 of 2012 Article 1 Number 10. The specific target in this community service is the community in Karadiri Village, Wanggar Makmur District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province to know and understand the processes and stages according to the regulations governing land acquisition and the process of calculating compensation values according to Law No. 2 of 2012 Article 1 Number 10 so as not to raise concerns about the rights taken due to land acquisition carried out in Karadiri Village, Wanggar Makmur District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province. From this community service, the results show that there is an increase in the understanding of the village community towards land acquisition for the public interest so that the village community voluntarily releases their land rights by getting compensation payments which aim to provide land for the implementation of development in order to improve the welfare and prosperity of the nation, state and community while still guaranteeing the legal interests of the Eligible Parties in accordance with Constitution No. 12/2012 article 3.