Compensation Setting Research Articles

Large-range phase-difference sensing technology for low-frequency strain interrogation

Phase-difference sensing technology (PDST) has been applied to strain measurement, but its completeness is destroyed by the phase-difference measurement range. A scheme that can realize the completeness of the PDST for low-frequency strain interrogation is proposed. It is built on dual-interferometers and the elliptic-fitting algorithm. To break the measurement range limitation (0, π), a phase compensation setting is applied. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can obtain low-frequency strain signals, and the low-frequency signal whose phase amplitude is greater than π is recovered. The scheme is an efficient and complete method for measuring the strain of low-frequency optical fiber length, which could be applied to low-frequency seismic wave monitoring and rock deformation detection.

Collision avoidance guidance and control scheme for vector propulsion unmanned surface vehicle with disturbance

In this paper, a collision avoidance guidance and control (CAGC) scheme for fully autonomous unmanned surface vehicle (USV) according to the guidance, navigation and control (GNC) architecture is studied. The CAGC scheme is divided into guidance layer and control layer. To avoid the possibility of collision in tracking guidance, the proposed guidance layer needs remove the tracking guidance and realize the direct guidance to the control layer, which is designed according to the theory of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with control ability. Next, to balance the contradiction between calculation and guidance accuracy, the methods of delay compensation and control set normal distribution are designed. In addition, in the control layer, the vector propulsion USV as the control object is non-minimum phase system because of its small size and significant sway thrust, so the virtual control point is used to solve this system, and the relationship between virtual control point and vessel speed is determined by zero-dynamics stability analysis. And the control layer adopts adaptive sliding mode control theory to resist the influence of strong disturbances. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the CAGC scheme.

The Effect of Medical Scribes in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review.

Integrating medical scribes with clinicians has been suggested to improve access, quality of care, enhance patient/clinician satisfaction, and increase productivity revenue. Conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of medical scribes in emergency departments. Electronic databases from 2010 through December 2019. Two individuals independently reviewed study eligibility, rated risk of bias, and determined overall certainty of evidence. Data abstracted included study and population characteristics, outcomes (efficiency, patient or clinician satisfaction, financial productivity, documentation quality, cost, and training time), and the effect of compensation structure, qualifications, duties, and setting on outcomes. Twenty studies (18 observational) were included; 12 from two institutions. All utilized in-person rather than virtual scribes. Fifteen were rated as serious or critical risk of bias; five were rated moderate. Findings indicate that scribes may increase patients seen per day and decrease length of stay; however, effects were small and may vary by setting and outcome measured (low certainty). Scribes may increase financial productivity; however, costs associated with developing, implementing, and maintaining scribe programs were not adequately reported. Results were mixed for door-to-room or door-to-provider time, patients left without being seen, and patient/clinician satisfaction. No studies examined the effects of scribes based on compensation structure, qualifications or duties. Although information quality, quantity, and applicability are limited, in-person medical scribes may improve emergency department efficiency and financial productivity. There was no information on virtual scribes. There was little information on patient or clinician satisfaction, scribe documentation quality, or whether results vary by in-house vs. contracted hiring and training.

Broadband femtosecond spectroscopic ellipsometry.

We present a setup for time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry in a pump-probe scheme using femtosecond laser pulses. As a probe, the system deploys supercontinuum white light pulses that are delayed with respect to single-wavelength pump pulses. A polarizer-sample-compensator-analyzer configuration allows ellipsometric measurements by scanning the compensator azimuthal angle. The transient ellipsometric parameters are obtained from a series of reflectance-difference spectra that are measured for various pump-probe delays and polarization (compensator) settings. The setup is capable of performing time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry from the near-infrared through the visible to the near-ultraviolet spectral range at 1.3 eV-3.6 eV. The temporal resolution is on the order of 100 fs within a delay range of more than 5 ns. We analyze and discuss critical aspects such as fluctuations of the probe pulses and imperfections of the polarization optics and present strategies deployed for circumventing related issues.

Design and Analysis of Modified Base Frame of a Cone Crusher

Crushing is the process of reducing the size of ore into definite smaller sizes. Cone crusher is a size reduction mechanical equipment which crushes the large sized limestone and dolomite particles by squeezing it between gyrating spindles. Crusher must be mounted on a frame to be coupled with the motor drive. A base frame is designed in such a way that it acts as a platform for motor and cone crusher. As the motor and cone crusher performs its operations at higher frequencies, the base frame tends to fail because of the mechanical vibrations of system and larger torques induced in the mechanism between cone crusher and base frame. Failure of base frame is prevented by using the better I-Section beams whose strength and rigidity is high. Compensators absorbs the vibrations and helps the system to attain equilibrium. A set of compensators are placed all along the I-Section. These compensators are grounded using mechanical fasteners. In the course of this research it is observed that beam has a larger tendency of failure at certain cross sections. Stiffeners could be inserted at those locations for the better rigidity, support and strength of the entire structure. Modelling and Analysis is done individually to motor frame, crusher frame and on the entire assembly. An optimum system frequency was used, for the assembly to be at equilibrium in the dynamic conditions.

Compensating Dynamic Nonlinearities in LED Photon Emission to Enhance Optical Wireless Communication

LEDs can be modulated to support wireless optical data communication. However, particularly LEDs optimized for illumination act as a non-linear low-pass communication channel. In this paper, we translate the non-linear differential equations for the hole-electron recombination and photon emissions, into a discrete-time model with delay taps and non-linear coefficients. This LED model can be inverted, to actively eliminate or mitigate the non-linear dynamic LED distortion. We propose a further simplification of the compensation circuit that allows us to use a relatively simple structure with only a couple of parameters. We experimentally characterize and measure signals communicated via commercially available illumination LEDs that are also used for LiFi communication. In an Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IM/DD) system employing Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), we show that the proposed equalizer can effectively widen the measured eye diagram, thereby reduce the error rate or can allow a larger constellation. For Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), the reduction in distortion allows at least a 50% increase in bit rate, even on measured noisy channels. This confirms the suitability of the LED model on which our non-linear equalizer is based. We show how non-linear time-constants can be estimated from electrical measurements on the LED signal. With the proposed parameter estimation, the equalizer converges to appropriate compensation settings, in Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) sense.

A comparison of CEO pay-Korean listed firms and U.S. listed firms

ABSTRACT Using the first set of individual compensation and public data for senior executives in South Korea, we document direct evidence on the level, construction, and mechanisms of CEO remuneration in South Korea and perform a matched sample to comparisons between Korea and the United States. Our findings show that there are some differences between the Korean and the U.S. systems. In South Korea, chief executives are paid mainly in salary. Option grants and long-term incentives are less important. The pay-performance sensitivity of South Korean CEOs is not as high as in the United States.

Invariance of a class of semi-algebraic sets for polynomial systems with dynamic compensators

We derive a constructive sufficient condition for the existence of a compensator such that a prescribed semi-algebraic set is invariant for the resulting closed-loop system. The construction procedure consists of symbolic computations. Although the target system is restricted to polynomial control systems, non-polynomial smooth compensators can be designed. We also derive the procedure for extracting static controllers from the set of dynamic compensators. Moreover, we explain the similarities and differences between our method and the conventional slack-variable method of Jacobson and Lele (1969).

What clinical challenges are associated with diagnosing and managing work-related mental health conditions? A qualitative study in general practice

ObjectiveWhen providing care for patients with work-related mental health conditions (MHCs), the general practitioner’s (GP) role includes clinical care, patient advocacy and assessment of a patient’s ability to work. GPs...

A Successful Approach of the First Ecological Compensation Demonstration for Crossing Provinces of Downstream and Upstream in China

As the first pilot provincial water environmental compensation set up at the national level, the Xin’anjiang River Basin plays a very important exemplary and guiding role in the ecological compensation of transboundary basins in China. There is no paper evaluating the environmental performance in watershed scale after getting rid of the natural factor’s effect. Here we issue a new approach to evaluate it, combing the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models and data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, based on counterfactual scenarios. After ecological compensation, the results show that the decrease of total nitrogen (TN) non-point source export coefficient was stable (17.16–17.78% in different sources), while that of total phosphorus (TP; 8.51–17.75%) and permanganate index (CODMn; 13.10–21.41%) was not. The projects of fertilizer application’s effects were relatively obvious; on average, the decreases of the export coefficients were 17.16%, 17.75%, and 21.41% in TN, TP, and CODMn models, respectively, showing the importance of eco-compensation regulation, not only in non-point source pollution reduction but also resulting in high levels of eco-compensation efficiencies, especially in scale efficiencies. By assessing parameter and modeling uncertainty with the use of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method, the models’ structure well represents the hydrological behavior. This study also provides policymakers with a new perspective in accurately measuring the impact of environmental performance, to guide the next step of environmental investment optimization.

Prescription opioid overdose and adverse effect hospitalisations among injured workers in eight states (2010–2014)

ObjectiveHigh-risk opioid prescribing practices in workers’ compensation (WC) settings are associated with excess opioid-related morbidity, longer work disability and higher costs. This study characterises the burden of prescription opioid-related hospitalisations...

The Progressive Goal Attainment Program: A practitioner’s perspective of the implementation of the program in an Australian Workers’ Compensation setting

AbstractRecently, the Progressive Goal Attainment Program has grown in popularity as an intervention for injured workers experiencing psychosocial barriers when returning to work. This article provides an outline of the program and explores its implementation by a workplace rehabilitation provider. Data from 20 participants have been pooled to highlight typical presentations. Key features of the program and outcomes are discussed.

Trends in lawyer use in road traffic injury compensation claims.

Injury compensation claimants use legal services to help them navigate compensation schemes, including accessing benefits and resolving disputes. Little is known, however, about the extent of lawyer use by compensation claimants, including changes over time. This paper presents findings from one of the largest empirical investigations of lawyer use in an injury compensation setting to date. Using evidence from more than 275,000 claims in the road traffic injury scheme in the state of Victoria, Australia, this study examines the prevalence of, and changes in, lawyer use between 2000 and 2015. The analysis identifies a significant increase in the use of lawyers in the scheme, and explores possible explanations. This study provides critical insights into lawyer use in compensation settings: the steep increase in lawyer involvement has both access to justice and financial implications for compensation schemes, given the associations between lawyer use, claimant outcomes, and long-term scheme viability.

Surrogate-Based Analysis and Design Optimization of Power Delivery Networks

As microprocessor architectures continue to increase computing performance under low-energy consumption, the combination of signal integrity, electromagnetic interference, and power delivery (PD) is becoming crucial in the computer industry. In that context, PD engineers make use of complex and computationally expensive models that impose time-consuming industrial practices to reach an adequate PD design. In this article, we propose a general surrogate-based methodology for fast and reliable analysis and design optimization of PD networks (PDN). We first formulate a generic surrogate model methodology exploiting passive lumped models optimized by parameter extraction to fit PDN impedance profiles. This PDN modeling formulation is illustrated with industrial laboratory measurements of a fourth generation server CPU motherboard. We next propose a black box PDN surrogate modeling methodology for efficient and reliable PD design optimization. To build our black box PDN surrogate, we compare four metamodeling techniques: support vector machines, polynomial surrogate modeling, generalized regression neural networks, and Kriging. The resultant best metamodel is then used to enable fast and accurate optimization of the PDN performance. Two examples validate our surrogate-based optimization approach: a voltage regulator (VR) with dual power rail remote sensing intended for communications and storage applications, by finding optimal sensing resistors and loading conditions; and a multiphase VR from a fifth-generation Intel server motherboard, by finding optimal compensation settings to reduce the number of bulk capacitors without losing CPU performance.

Claimant Lawyer Use in Road Traffic Injury Compensation Claims

In injury compensation schemes, claimants engage lawyers to navigate the claiming process, access benefits, and resolve disputes. As a result, lawyers can play a central role in facilitating claimant access to entitlements, and shaping claimant experiences and outcomes. This article presents findings from the largest empirical investigation of lawyer use in a single compensation scheme: using evidence from almost 50,000 claims in the road traffic injury scheme in Victoria, Australia, the socio-demographic, crash, injury, and recovery factors associated with lawyer use are identified, and explanations for these relationships explored. The analysis shows that some claimants who struggle to access lawyers in other contexts are supported to do so in this scheme. The findings highlight opportunities for improving access to justice within and outside compensation settings.

Compensation Consultant Fees and CEO Pay

ABSTRACTWhile compensation consultants are known to play an important role in the design of executive compensation contracts, evidence on the effect of consultant incentives on CEO pay is mixed. Using compensation consultant observations with mandatory fee disclosures, which a prior study identifies as an optimal pay setter, we examine whether CEO pay is associated with consultants' incentives to retain clients, measured by fees for executive compensation services. In contrast to previous studies that find no support for repeat business incentives, we find evidence that CEO pay is higher when consultants receive abnormally high fees, demonstrating a strong incentive to retain the client, and that this positive association occurs only in weakly governed firms. This finding highlights the importance of consultant incentives and corporate governance in executive compensation settings.JEL Classifications: M12; G34; G38.Data Availability: Data used in this study are publicly available.

Shear behavior of woven and non-crimp fabric based thermoplastic composites at near-processing conditions

In intra-laminar shear testing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites at near-processing conditions, several factors influence the measured forces in picture frame tests. These influences mostly result from tight clamping of the specimen in the frame and, depending on the heating strategy, possible unmelted areas near the clamping regions, yielding in a shift of the point of rotation of the fibers. An approach to compensate these effects has recently been suggested, but generally valid compensation settings could not yet be deducted. In addition, research on the shear properties of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics has been limited to quasi-static deformation speeds and thermodynamically stable temperature levels. This study examines the effect of high deformation speeds and temperature levels in the transitional region between melting point and recrystallization on the intra-laminar shear behavior of different types of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics to deduct a material behavior, which better resembles actual processing behavior by using a custom-built picture frame setup. The edge effects are analyzed to deduct generally recommendable compensation settings using a statistical approach. In addition, variations of the pathways of individual fibers in pre-forms are measured, revealing elongation reserves of 0.4–0.5%, which can be confirmed in picture frame tests. The results furthermore show the importance of performing material tests at near-processing conditions to deduct reliable material data for usage in forming simulation. Further research is necessary to understand the complex deformation behavior in the transitional region below melting point and before recrystallization is complete.

Система информационного обмена в целях осуществления специальных социальных выплат медицинским работникам, связанным с лечением коронавирусной инфекции Covid-19

The government went to provide medical and other workers engaged in the treatment OF covid‑19 coronavirus infection with a fairly large set of benefits, guarantees and compensation. Among the key and most financially intensive of them were incentive payments, which were replaced with special social payments from November 1, 2020. At the same time, payments will now be made by the social insurance Fund. The implementation of such a scheme has caused the urgent need to create a complex system of information exchange, in which a large number of subjects participate, large amounts of information are verified and processed. This article analyzes the emerging system of information exchange, as well as identifying possible risks and threats.

When in Rome: Local Social Norms and Tournament Incentives

We investigate whether social capital influences the use and effectiveness of tournament structure of compensation. We find that pay differentials between the CEO and other executives, or tournament, are lower in U.S. counties with higher social capital. In addition, lower pay differentials are associated with better firm performance in regions with higher social capital. We use a variety of experiments which are shown to change social capital, such as legalization of medical and recreational use of marijuana or moving corporate headquarters. Our results remain robust. These findings suggest that social capital impact firms’ compensation setting decisions and firm performance.

Are Large Shareholders Willing to Pay Top Executives Equity-Based Compensation in China? The Moderating Role of Female Executives

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between equity concentration and equity-based executive compensation (EBEC), and the moderating role of female executives in such a relationship between the two. Multiple statistical methods including Multiple Linear Regression Based on OLS, Random Effect Regression Analysis, and One-period Lagged-Term Regression have been applied to analyze the data drawn from a research sample of non-financial A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2018, which consists of 22151 observations in China. Empirical results show that large shareholders of Chinese listed companies have negative attitudes towards the adoption of EBEC; besides, female executives not only improve the adoption of EBEC directly, but enhance the adoption of EBEC indirectly by mitigating the negative link between large shareholders and the adoption of EBEC in Chinese listed companies. The rich robustness tests and endogeneity tests have confirmed the findings. Moreover, large shareholders intend to limit the cash compensation level of top executives, while female executives can not only directly improve top executives’ cash compensation level by participating in the compensation setting process, but also indirectly increase top executives’ cash compensation level by mitigating the negative attitudes of large shareholders towards executives’ cash compensation.