Compensation Payments Research Articles

PENERBITAN SURAT SANGGUP DALAM KASUS BIRO PERJALANAN UMROH FIRST TRAVEL

In this paper, we describe the analysis of the issuance of promissory notes by the owner of the umrah travel agency, First Travel, as a commitment to keep their promises or achievements. However, the victims of the failed Umrah departure by First Travel doubted the ability of the First Travel owner. The letter contains four statements regarding his ability to depart for the remaining prospective Umrah pilgrims and the payment of compensation if they cannot be departed. Initially, the pilgrims were directed to collect the payment through the Delay of Debt Payment Obligation (PKPU), but the pilgrims felt that this was not appropriate because they never gave receivables to First Travel. The plaintiffs are victims, not creditors to investors or First Travel partners. This study uses a normative legal approach and the data used are secondary data through literature study.

О некоторых методологических вопросах оплаты труда медицинских работников

The article discusses a number of methodological issues of remuneration that arose against the background of the suspension of special social payments for work with COVID‑19 and their replacement with compensation payments, as well as the postponement of pilot projects that were to be implemented in order to prepare for the introduction of a new system of remuneration for medical workers.

Preisschübe beim Grundbedarf — Umverteilung erforderlich

AbstractSince the beginning of 2022, prices for food and energy have been rising sharply. In the low-income sector, this leads to financial emergencies, since the standard of living here is far below the standards of society anyway. On the other hand, the consequences of inflation can certainly be absorbed in the upper income brackets. Against this background, government measures should be concentrated on lower income brackets. Appropriate measures would be the payment of inflation compensation for those receiving basic security, a reform of the updating of basic security benefits and an income-related transfer payment for households without basic security. A solidarity surcharge on the income tax is proposed for financing.

Dampak Proses Pembangunan Bendungan Sidan terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat dan Lingkungan di Desa Buahan Kaja, Kabupaten Gianyar dan Desa Sidan, Kabupaten Badung

Impact of Sidan Dam Construction Process on Socio-Economic Community and Environment in Buahan Kaja Village, Gianyar Regency and Sidan Village, Badung Regency. The construction of Sidan dam is a national strategic project stipulated under Presidential Regulation No. 56 of 2018. The purpose of this study is to identify social impacts, analyze economic impacts and estimate the environmental impact of the Sidan dam construction process. The research methods used in this study use quantitative and qualitative descriptive research. The process of building Sidan dam has no social impact on the community measured from 4 parameters consisting of social activities, land acquisition processes, the emergence of criminality and lifestyle changes. However, the process of building Sidan dam has a social impact on the community, measured from 3 other parameters consisting of communication between farmers, the usefulness of dam construction and payment of compensation. The process of building the Sidan dam has no economic impact on the community, measured from the parameters of increasing the selling price of agricultural commodities. However, the process of building Sidan dam has an economic impact measured from 4 other parameters consisting of income, land prices, property ownership and job additions. The Sidan dam construction process has no environmental impact measured from 3 parameters consisting of water and air pollution, environmental cleanliness and water quality and quantity. However, the Sidan dam construction process has an environmental impact measured from 3 other parameters consisting of loss of agricultural land, noise and road access around the agricultural area.

Industrial Relations with Specific Time Work Agreements after the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 in The Perspective of Legal Justice

Introduction to The Problem: The constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 stated that the establishment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation contradicts the 1945 Constitution and is considered conditional unconstitutional. Thus, within two years of Law No. 11 of 2020, its derivative rules are still enforced until there is an improvement. However, two years is a legal certainty, but it is uncertain in the business and industrial worlds. Purpose/Objective Study: This study aims to find out how the effect of the issuance of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the implementation of Law No. 11 of 2020 on the Employment Cluster and its derivative rules and how alternative efforts in creating harmonious industrial relations on the issue of working relations with Specific Time Work Agreements after the constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used is doctrinal legal research. Findings: This research resulted in a study that the influence of constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 impacts the uncertainty of legal protection guarantees in the business and the industrial world. Because it takes two years to implement the provisions of Law No. 11 of 2020 in the Employment cluster and its derivative rules, namely Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, the business and the industrial world cannot implement the provisions without any guarantee of sustainable time, and it will lead to injustice in industrial relations. One alternative to continue creating harmonious industrial relations with Specific Time Work Agreements is to return to local wisdom, prioritizing the principle of consensus deliberation that prioritizes the parties' agreement in working relations including the fulfillment of rights in compensation payments when there is a termination of employment. Paper Type: Research Article

Faculty Salary Structure for Publicly Funded Higher Education Institutions of the Russian Federation

There are some serious issues with the recruitment and motivation of the faculty in the publicly-funded higher education of the Russian Federation. They are a significant reduction in the number of teaching staff, a substantial part of the old-age staff, an increase in the total workload and extracurricular work. The most important reason of the described problems is the issue of remuneration. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to suggest some directions for the development of the material remuneration systems for the employees in the publicly funded higher education. The methodological basis of the research are such methods as analysis and synthesis, as well as abstraction and a structurally systematic approach. As a result, it was determined that: 1) unreasonably low official salaries established by professional qualification groups do not provide the reproduction function of wages in full; 2) the differentiation of official salaries for the lecturers of the same qualification level and the position held, due to the size of the financing of budgetary institutions and the remuneration policy of the university, leads to a violation of the principle of “an equal pay for an equal work”; 3) the presence of a large number of incentive payments in the salary structure leads to the “opacity” of wages. The following recommendations are formulated: the salary structure considering the specifics of the publicly funded higher education is justified, methodological approaches to the structure of the official salaries, as well as the incentive and compensation payments are developed.

Current Topics in Health Care Law

Current Topics in Health Care Law

Вопросы, связанные с заменой специальных социальных выплат за работу с COVID-19 на компенсационные выплаты

The article discusses issues related to the suspension of special social payments for work with COVID‑19 and their replacement with compensation payments. Problems such as the procedure for completing existing payments, lists of employees who are subject to compensation payments, measures that need to be taken by medical organizations in a new situation are considered.

Legal Protection for Victims of Traffic Accidents Due to Against The Law

The occurrence of a traffic accident is an act against the law that can result in harm to other people, violators can be sentenced in the form of payment of compensation either materially or immaterially to the victim and their heirs. According to Article 1365 of the Civil Code states "every act that violates the law, which results in harm to others. It is obligatory for people who because of their actions to publish losses, are obliged to compensate for these losses", further article 1366 of the Civil Code states that "everyone is required to be responsible not only for losses caused by his actions, but for losses caused by negligence or lack of caution.

Association of Disability Compensation With Mortality and Hospitalizations Among Vietnam-Era Veterans With Diabetes

It remains poorly understood whether income assistance for adults with low income and disability improves health outcomes. To examine the association between eligibility for disability compensation and mortality and hospitalizations among Vietnam-era veterans with diabetes. Quasiexperimental cohort study of a July 1, 2001, policy that expanded eligibility for disability compensation to veterans with "boots on the ground" (BOG) during the Vietnam era on the basis of a diagnosis of diabetes; veterans who were "not on ground" (NOG) remained ineligible. Participants were Vietnam-era veterans with diabetes in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Difference-in-differences were estimated during early (July 1, 2001-December 31, 2007), middle (January 1, 2008-December 31, 2012), and later (January 1, 2013-December 31, 2018) postpolicy periods. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2020, to December 1, 2021. Interaction between having served with BOG (as recorded in Vietnam-era deployment records) and postpolicy period. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and hospitalizations. The study population included 14 247 BOG veterans (mean [SD] age at baseline, 51.2 [3.8] years; 25.7% were Black; 3.3% were Hispanic; 63.6% were White; and 6.9% were of other race) and 56 224 NOG veterans (mean [SD] age, 54.2 [6.3] years; 21.7% were Black; 2.1% were Hispanic; 67.1% were White; and 8.2% were of other race). Compared with NOG veterans, BOG veterans received $8025, $14412, and $17 162 more in annual disability compensation during the early, middle, and later postpolicy periods, respectively. Annual mortality rates were unchanged (prepolicy mortality rates: 3.04% for BOG and 3.56% for NOG veterans), with adjusted difference-in-differences of 0.24 percentage points (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.52), -0.08% (95% CI, -0.40 to 0.24), and -0.08% (95% CI, -0.48 to 0.36), during the early, middle, and later postpolicy periods. Among 3623 BOG veterans and 19 174 NOG veterans with Medicare coverage in 1999, a population whose utilization could be completely observed in our data, BOG veterans experienced reductions of -7.52 hospitalizations per 100 person-years (95% CI, -13.12 to -1.92) during the early, -10.12 (95% CI, -17.28 to -3.00) in the middle, and -15.88 (95% CI, -24.00 to -7.76) in the later periods. These estimates represent relative declines of 10%, 13%, and 21%. Falsification tests of BOG and NOG veterans who were already receiving maximal disability compensation prior to the policy yielded null findings. In this cohort study, disability compensation among Vietnam-era veterans with diabetes was not associated with lower mortality but was associated with substantial declines in acute hospitalizations. Veterans' disability compensation payments may have important health benefits.

Penentuan Cadangan Premi Asuransi Jiwa Dengan Metode Fackler

Insurance is an agreement between two parties, where one party is obliged to pay and the other party has the obligation to provide compensation to the premium payer if something happens to the party in accordance with the agreement that has been made. The main problem faced by insurance companies is that the fees paid through premiums are not sufficient to finance compensation payments at the beginning of the policys, To overcome the shortage of costs the insurance company must have a reserve fund called a premium reserve. The purpose of this study was to determine the reserve for term, endowment and whole life insurance premiums using the Fackler method. The variables used in this study are the customer's age, gender, payment term, interest rate and the sum insured. In this study, premium reserves were calculated for participants aged 30 years, men and women, with a payment term of 30 years, an interest rate of 6.75%, and an insurance value of Rp. 100,000,000. Based on the calculation results, the reserve value of term life insurance premium for customers with 30 years of age and the insurance period of 30 years increases at the beginning of the year to the 21st year, after which it decreases until the reserve at the end of the 30th year, the value of the lifetime insurance premium reserve. life for customers with 30 years of age always increases from the beginning of the year to the last year where the payment for male customers is Rp. 93,176,962 and women in the amount of Rp. 93,296,217,156250. The reserve value of dual-purpose life insurance premiums for customers with 30 years of age and insurance period of 30 years always increases from the beginning of the year to the end of the year of payment of Rp. 100,000,000. The large difference in premium reserves for men and women is due to the higher chance of life for women than men.

The last subsidy: regulating devaluation in the German coal phase-out

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the political economy of low-carbon energy transitions by highlighting the importance of capital and coal devaluation in the destabilisation of incumbent energy regimes, which has been understudied by the energy transitions in social sciences literature. Empirically, it examines Germany’s coal exit plan, the world’s largest in terms of power capacity. By putting theories of capital devaluation into conversation with regulation theory, this study reveals the continuities between Germany’s exit plan and its long tradition of delaying the devaluation of coal. This paper engages with relational political-economic approaches to analyse the German coal exit plan beyond the dualistic market vs policy-based interpretation, which has been promoted by the coal industry to capture compensation payments. Rather, it will be argued that this plan, which in its current form is based on generous financial compensations to coal companies, can be understood as a way to regulate the ongoing devaluation affecting the energy industry and manage a dual legitimation crisis affecting the federal government.

Robust dynamic financing contracts with early termination

Under the 假设 that the principle does not trust the information reported by the agent and is ambiguity averse, a dynamic robust corporate contract model is proposed to capture the principle-agency 问题 in this paper. In the proposed model, the optimal dynamic incentive contracts and the endogenously deferred compensation payment to the agent can be obtained. When there are extreme distrusts between the principle and the agent, the early termination is required in the optimal contracts, and the disposable compensation to the agent will be paid. We further find in theory that (1) the additional friction fee and penalty can be caused due to the ambiguity aversion of the principle, and this reduces the value function and the optimal investment, and moreover, the penalty cost is the increasing function of the ambiguity averse degree; (2) the ambiguity aversion of the principle can lead to the “ambiguity premium” which consists of the equity premium and the credit spread of bond, and the “ambiguity premium” is the decreasing function of cash holdings of the corporate, but is the increasing function of the ambiguity averse degree; (3) the investment of the corporate and the expected return have the negative correlation which is consistent with many empirical results.

Social Security Compensatory Payments and the Compensation Function of Social Security Law: Problems of Theory

Social security law has a fairly wide list of payments characterized in the current legislation as compensation payments. A feature of compensativeness is manifested in pension provision, in various types of benefits, and in various kinds of social security insurance payments. In addition, social security law provides for payments that are directly referred to as “compensation payments”. This causes difficulty both in the formulation of definitions of the concepts of each category of payment, and in the practical application of social security legislation. The situation is aggravated by the fact that compensation is also characteristic of payments of other legal affiliation. Based on this, the study of socio-security monetary representations in order to identify distinctive features of the compensatory property is relevant. It should be noted that within the framework of the paper, a function is considered as an essential property of a certain legal phenomenon. Therefore, the function as a property is inextricably linked with the legal phenomenon. Accordingly, if we are talking about the compensatory function of social security law, then it should be taken into account that the mechanism of compensativeness should be incorporated into the procedure for calculating compensation payments.

The payment of compensation in the closed season in Brazil: a spatio-temporal analysis of the last five years

The policy of a closed season with compensation consists of the payment of a minimum wage to the artisanal fishers during the months in which fishing is prohibited. Despite its relevance, there are reports of illegal practices in this system and, as such, this study aimed to carry out an assessment of the closed season compensation payment (CSC) from 2016 to 2020. Data were obtained from the official Federal Government web page. They were tabulated and thematic maps were prepared with the value of the CSC payed by state of Brazil and by municipality of the two states that collected the most benefit. The number of fishers in each state was also assessed. Between 2016 and 2020, US$ 2,955,844,475.74 was provided in the form of CSC. The largest part (47.7%) was paid to the states of Pará and Maranhão. In Pará, Cametá received the greatest amount, while in Maranhão, the municipality of Viana received the greatest amount. The number of fishers increased 58% over the years and, in 2020, 733,422 were registered. The closed season is an important management tool, but it needs to be supervised, otherwise, it may present infringements.

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND COMPENSATION IN COMPULSORY LAND ACQUISITION: DOSE IT MATTERS ON SATISFACTION

Compensating for different types of losses are continuously experiencing in Sri Lanka due to types of disasters or compulsory land acquisition. The land Acquisition Act No. 09 of 1950 makes the provision to acquire the lands from private landowners for the public interest and to pay the monetary compensation to recover the losses. The National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) was intended to address involuntary resettlement, integrating land acquisition and payment of compensation. However, there is a real distrust about satisfaction of the victims on the end results mainly based on many aspects. In fact, the findings vary from place to place. Therefore, this paper aims to critically analyze the factors representing of the social sustainabilityconcept in compensation procedure of compulsory land acquisition of Sri Lanka, expressly reviewing the reservoir development project of Yan Oya and its resettlement community. Fivepoint Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from thirty re-settlers selected from three locations on nine criteria. Further, six prominent community leaders were interviewed forfurther confirmation. The findings reveal those five factors representing social sustainability aspect were successful to some extent, while there were significant inconsistencies amongst assessed components within individual cases. Hence, the study reveals that pure monetary compensation process was unsuccessful since it represents the inadequacy to cover all losses ofvictims. Thus, for a coverage of total loss a resettling strategy is essential while with more concerns to the social sustainability aspects.
 Keywords: Compensation, Compulsory land acquisition, Resettlement strategy, Satisfaction,Social sustainability.

Peri-urban land governance and market dynamics: perceptions and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers in Tamale, Ghana

ABSTRACT Access to land is critical to reducing poverty and ensuring sustained agrarian livelihoods. However, access and security of rights are shaped by land governance regimes. With increased population and urbanization, peri-urban frontiers have become key battlegrounds for control of land rights. Using the Tamale area in Ghana as a case study, we examined the perceptions of smallholder farmers on land governance practices and adaptation strategies. In a multi-stage sampling process, the study interviewed 86 smallholder farmers in five communities. The study revealed that good land governance indicators, ‘Recognition and Enforcement of Rights,’ ‘Efficient and Effective Conflict and Dispute Management,’ ‘Subsidiarity and Inclusiveness,’ as well as ‘Transparency and Accountability’ were generally below the minimum good practices benchmark based on smallholder farmers’ assessment. With the increasing deprivation of their land use rights, farmers switch to non-agricultural businesses, and/or seek refuge in nearby communities to farm either by renting or engaging in sharecropping arrangements. The results of this study underscore the need to improve land governance practices – specifically, compensation payment, transparency and accountability for land revenues, disputes resolution, and consultation on land use conversions.

An analysis of net-outcome contracting with applications to equity-based compensation

Options, restricted stock, bonuses tied to total shareholder return, and similar equity-based compensation contracts stipulate payments that depend on stock price. Any such contract is a function of shareholder value net of the compensation payment, because stock price (1) is proportional to this net value or “net outcome” and (2) anticipates compensation-related payments and dilution. The net outcome, in turn, is reduced by the payment and so depends on the contract. Standard moral hazard analyses, wherein contractual payments are based on the gross outcome before any payment to the agent, overlook this dependency. We characterize the optimal net-outcome contract, describe its shape and pay-for-performance sensitivity, contrast it with the optimal gross-outcome contract, and discuss implications for equity-based compensation arrangements.

Risk Assessment of Polish Joint Stock Companies: Prediction of Penalties or Compensation Payments

Corporate misconduct is a huge and widespread problem in the economy. Many companies make mistakes that result in them having to pay penalties or compensation to other businesses. Some of these cases are so serious that they take a toll on a company’s financial condition. The purpose of this paper was to create and evaluate an algorithm which can predict whether a company will have to pay a penalty and to discover what financial indicators may signal it. The author addresses these questions by applying several supervised machine learning methods. This algorithm may help financial institutions such as banks decide whether to lend money to companies which are not in good financial standing. The research is based on information contained in the financial statements of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and NewConnect. Finally, different methods are compared, and methods which are based on gradient boosting are shown to have a higher accuracy than others. The conclusion is that the values of financial ratios can signal which companies are likely to pay a penalty next year.

A New Case-Mix Classification Method for Medical Insurance Payment

Rapidly rising medical expenses can be controlled by a well-designed medical insurance payment system with the ability to ensure the stability and development of medical insurance funds. At present, China is in the stage of exploring the reform of the medical insurance payment system. One of the significant tasks is to establish an appropriate reimbursement model for disease treatment expenses, so as to meet the needs of patients for medical services. In this paper, we propose a case-mixed decision tree method that considers the homogeneity within the same case subgroup as well as the heterogeneity between different case subgroups. The optimal case mix is determined by maximizing the inter-group difference and minimizing the intra-group difference. In order to handle the instability of the tree-based method with a small amount of data, we propose a multi-model ensemble decision tree method. This method first extracts and merges the inherent rules of the data by the stacking-based ensemble learning method, then generates a new sample set by aggregating the original data with the additional samples obtained by applying these rules, and finally trains the case-mix decision tree with the augmented dataset. The proposed method ensures the interpretability of the grouping rules and the stability of the grouping at the same time. The experimental results on real-world data demonstrate that our case-mix method can provide reasonable medical insurance payment standards and the appropriate medical insurance compensation payment for different patient groups.