PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国矿产资源开发区生态补偿研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312052898 作者: 作者单位: 宁夏大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41261040, 41101549); 宁夏大学自然科学基金项目(NDZR10-57, ZR1164) Review of ecological compensation in China's mining exploitation regions Author: Affiliation: Ningxia University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:矿产资源开发区生态补偿是调整利益相关者因资源开采引发的环境利益和经济利益分配不均,并对矿产资源开发造成的外部成本内部化的制度安排.从矿产资源开发区生态补偿的理论研究、生态补偿机制、生态补偿标准,以及多学科交叉研究四方面对我国生态补偿相关研究进行了总结分析.从中发现:我国矿产资源开发区生态补偿仍以政府主导;矿产资源开发区生态补偿机制有待完善,在补偿主体、客体、途径、期限、内容等研究结论仍不明晰;现有补偿主要以经济补偿为主,补偿模式单一、补偿资金不足;生态补偿标准评估方法各有侧重点,尚未形成系统完善的矿产资源开发区生态补偿标准评估方法.今后应加强以下研究:强化生态补偿的理论研究,从市场产权交易和政府监督出发,构建科学生态补偿机制,结合区域自然、社会、经济特征,确定生态补偿标准;科学合理评估矿产资源开发造成的生态服务价值损益;结合生态补偿理论研究,采用多学科交叉分析,根据矿产资源开发阶段,构建矿产资源开发区生态补偿框架体系,明确生态补偿主客体、标准、方式、期限等;提炼矿产资源开发区生态补偿类型与模式,并构建矿产资源开发区生态补偿长效机制. Abstract:Ecological compensation is not a new concept. However, in recent years, increasing attention is being paid to ecological compensation in China, since its strengths as a conservation tool are becoming better understood and recognized. Ecological compensation in regions of mineral exploitation can serve as an effective mechanism for translating the external, non-market values of ecosystem services into financial incentives, and encouraging local actors to provide such services. Consequently, it has been highlighted as an institutional arrangement for integrating conservation and socioeconomic development. This paper reviews the theory, mechanisms, compensation standards, and interdisciplinary research described in the ecological compensation literature. The paper first shows that the majority of this literature refers to national government payment programs. However, in most cases, greater government intervention in the exploitation of and ecological compensation for energy resources, would complicate the situation. Most of the regions that are developing resources get only the resources tax, and have failed to adjust to market volatility. Second, the paper illustrates that ecological compensation is an important means for coordinating urban and rural development, narrowing the wealth distribution gap, and adjusting the industrial structure. The weakness of the ecological compensation mechanism for the development of mineral resources is that it is the origin of ecological damage and environmental pollution. Third, the paper discusses approaches including eco-compensation, the market price method, the damage cost avoidance method, replacement cost, substitute cost methods, the human capital approach, and the opportunity cost approach. In case studies, if researchers design differential methods based on regional characteristics in terms of multiple perspectives, the results may be closer to the actual value of the mineral resources. Fourth, the paper identifies the major foci of the overall eco-compensation research in different disciplines. While the purpose of working on the eco-compensation research project from an interdisciplinary perspective is to provide new solutions to mineral resource exploitation problems across disciplines, there are theoretical and practical exploration benefits as well. Finally, the authors of the case study were asked to address the following issues: (i) To clarify the content and overall framework of ecological compensation, since theoretical studies related to ecological compensation in China are still a relatively new proposition, especially for mineral resource development, and the empirical approach of ecological compensation was used before the theoretical approach. (ii) To evaluate ecological environmental services in the mining exploitation region in detail. Ecological compensation addresses not only the value of the resources themselves, but also the value of the crops, land degradation, reduced water tables, destruction of plant life, and other external economic assessments, which may be difficult to evaluate. (iii) The need for future research to classify the regional studies, and refine the development model in the different types of regions based on the natural environment, the financial base, industrial structures, social characteristics, and so on. (iv) The need for future research on ecological compensation in mineral-rich regions to focus on including legally binding mechanisms, a government transfer payment system, a compensation mechanism for the restoration of the environment, regional coordination mechanisms, and a market price mechanism. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献