Compelling Power Research Articles

Modeling nonlinear optical microscopy in scattering media, part II. Radiation from focal volume to far-field: tutorial.

The development and application of nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy methods in biomedical research has experienced rapid growth over the past three decades. Despite the compelling power of these methods, optical scattering limits their practical use in biological tissues. This tutorial offers a model-based approach illustrating how analytical methods from classical electromagnetism can be employed to comprehensively model NLO microscopy in scattering media. In Part I, we quantitatively model focused beam propagation in non-scattering and scattering media from the lens to focal volume. In Part II, we model signal generation, radiation, and far-field detection. Moreover, we detail modeling approaches for major optical microscopy modalities including classical fluorescence, multi-photon fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy.

Modeling nonlinear optical microscopy inscattering media, part I. Propagation from lens tofocal volume: tutorial.

The development and application of nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy methods in biomedical research have experienced rapid growth over the past three decades. Despite the compelling power of these methods, optical scattering limits their practical use in biological tissues. This tutorial offers a model-based approach illustrating how analytical methods from classical electromagnetism can be employed to comprehensively model NLO microscopy in scattering media. In Part I, we quantitatively model focused beam propagation in non-scattering and scattering media from the lens to focal volume. In Part II, we model signal generation, radiation, and far-field detection. Moreover, we detail modeling approaches for major optical microscopy modalities including classical fluorescence, multi-photon fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy.

Ocial media and itsimpact on child’s oral health: A review

Oral health has been found to have a profound effect on systemic health. The home environment has a huge influence on children's dental health and care. The family's influence on children's oral health and care is well recognized, and efforts to prevent Early Childhood Caries (ECC) development have focused on parents. Parental education, dental neglect, and difficulty in obtaining health care all serve as hurdles for the general public to adopt suggested child oral health-related behaviors. According to a recent survey, Internet penetration in India has reached about 47 percent in 2021, up from around 4 percent in 2007. The compelling power of internet-based knowledge and social media content has taken precedence over the world. Furthermore, the post-pandemic world and the generation affected directly by the aftermath of COVID have completely relied on social media and their opinions to maintain oral health. Delivering accurate and practical information to parents about their children's dental health is critical, but it can be difficult. These obstacles can be solved by targeting parents via social media networking and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This expository narrative focuses on explaining the various facets of social media and their impact on the oral health of children and adolescents.

Extension of PERMANOVA to Testing the Mediation Effect of the Microbiome.

Recently, we have seen a growing volume of evidence linking the microbiome and human diseases or clinical outcomes, as well as evidence linking the microbiome and environmental exposures. Now comes the time to assess whether the microbiome mediates the effects of exposures on the outcomes, which will enable researchers to develop interventions to modulate outcomes by modifying microbiome compositions. Use of distance matrices is a popular approach to analyzing complex microbiome data that are high-dimensional, sparse, and compositional. However, the existing distance-based methods for mediation analysis of microbiome data, MedTest and MODIMA, only work well in limited scenarios. PERMANOVA is currently the most commonly used distance-based method for testing microbiome associations. Using the idea of inverse regression, here we extend PERMANOVA to test microbiome-mediation effects by including both the exposure and the outcome as covariates and basing the test on the product of their F statistics. This extension of PERMANOVA, which we call PERMANOVA-med, naturally inherits all the flexible features of PERMANOVA, e.g., allowing adjustment of confounders, accommodating continuous, binary, and multivariate exposure and outcome variables including survival outcomes, and providing an omnibus test that combines the results from analyzing multiple distance matrices. Our extensive simulations indicated that PERMANOVA-med always controlled the type I error and had compelling power over MedTest and MODIMA. Frequently, MedTest had diminished power and MODIMA had inflated type I error. Using real data on melanoma immunotherapy response, we demonstrated the wide applicability of PERMANOVA-med through 16 different mediation analyses, only 6 of which could be performed by MedTest and 4 by MODIMA.

A new approach to testing mediation of the microbiome at both the community and individual taxon levels.

Understanding whether and which microbes played a mediating role between an exposure and a disease outcome are essential for researchers to develop clinical interventions to treat the disease by modulating the microbes. Existing methods for mediation analysis of the microbiome are often limited to a global test of community-level mediation or selection of mediating microbes without control of the false discovery rate (FDR). Further, while the null hypothesis of no mediation at each microbe is a composite null that consists of three types of null, most existing methods treat the microbes as if they were all under the same type of null, leading to excessive false positive results. We propose a new approach based on inverse regression that regresses the microbiome data at each taxon on the exposure and the exposure-adjusted outcome. Then, the P-values for testing the coefficients are used to test mediation at both the community and individual taxon levels. This approach fits nicely into our Linear Decomposition Model (LDM) framework, so our new method LDM-med, implemented in the LDM framework, enjoys all the features of the LDM, e.g. allowing an arbitrary number of taxa to be tested simultaneously, supporting continuous, discrete, or multivariate exposures and outcomes (including survival outcomes), and so on. Using extensive simulations, we showed that LDM-med always preserved the FDR of testing individual taxa and had adequate sensitivity; LDM-med always controlled the type I error of the global test and had compelling power over existing methods. The flexibility of LDM-med for a variety of mediation analyses is illustrated by an application to a murine microbiome dataset, which identified several plausible mediating taxa. Our new method has been added to our R package LDM, which is available on GitHub at https://github.com/yijuanhu/LDM. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Nanoarchitectured transition metal oxides and their composites for supercapacitors

AbstractSupercapacitors have acquired a considerable scientific and technological position in the energy storage field owing to their compelling power capability, good energy density, excellent cycling stability, and ideal safety. The supercapacitor is the burgeoning candidate to cope with the ever‐growing need for green and renewable energy. High‐performance supercapacitors are realized by nanostructured electrode designs, which provide ameliorated surface area for abundant electrode‐electrolyte interaction, ease of electron transfer and movement, and short ion‐diffusion pathways that lead to increased performance. In this regard, transition metal oxide (TMO)‐based electroactive materials are of significant interest owing to the remarkable combination of structural, mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Besides their high specific capacitance and energy density due to rich redox chemistry, highly reversible and fast charge‐discharge processes, low cost due to abundance, and environment‐friendliness make them the most promising materials for next‐generation supercapacitors. But poor electrical conductivity and rate capability, inferior cycling life, and low power density are some of the major challenges that need to be addressed. Therefore, various nanostructures of pristine TMOs and their composites with other materials with complementary characteristics have been fabricated and investigated to realize supercapacitors with improved performance. This review summarizes all such reported pristine TMOs with different nanostructured dimensions namely, 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D, and their composite structures for their application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Design of different pristine and composite nanostructures, synthesis strategies, comprehensive structure‐dependent electrochemical properties, present challenges, and future perspectives are reviewed.

Mediat(iz)ing Catholicism: saint, spectacle, and theopolitics in Lima, Peru

AbstractThis article examines the annual public procession in Lima, Peru, of the Señor de los Milagros (Lord of Miracles) in relation to issues at the intersection of Catholic Christianity, media, and political authority. Through a theopolitical lens alert to the intermeshing of political sovereignty and authority with theological (Catholic) worldviews, I inquire into media and the Señor de los Milagros procession along three key intersecting themes that link scales of local and global Catholicism: performance, identity/belonging, and control. Key to my argument is the idea of the miraculous (lo milagroso), a culturally resonant register of embodied affective experience with compelling power, which points to how senses of belonging, authority, and ‘proper’ Catholic subjecthoods are intensified by Catholicism's diffusion through new mediatic forms, especially in church‐generated productions. A consideration of media technologies, mediation, and Catholicism nuances theoretical assumptions within the anthropology of Christianity, and also suggests that the anthropology of religion should attend more closely to mediation and mediatization as newer media infrastructures – channelling flows of information, images, and affects – extend ‘the religious’ into other social spheres.

Self-Construction in Immigration - I-Positioning through Tensional Dialogues to Powerful Foreign and Native Voices.

This paper explores proculturative semiotic dynamics underlying self-construction in emigration that reveals various forms of the self's positioning through the processes of relating to the native and foreign socio-cultural environments. The self is conceptualised as the heterogeneous entirety of voices and self-related positions which are hierarchically organised. Hierarchical organisation implies the dominance of certain voices and I-positions at the expense of silencing others. Moreover, external societal voices promote hegemonic social representations which are represented as promoter I-positions/signs in the self-structures and have the power to regulate individuals' mental activity. Therefore, it is argued that selves' relations to the environment are not always symmetrically dialogical. The compelling power of hierarchically ordered external meaning systems that are conceptualised as "objective culture" is illustrated in the best manner when a person occurs in emigration where the native organisation of voices and I-positions is being semiotically ruptured due to the meeting with a foreign configuration of a hierarchy of external I-positions and gets "attacked" by alien promoter signs. External promoter voices and I-positions have the power to take the dominant position and establish asymmetric relations with other self-related elements. They can significantly influence intra-psychological negotiations by vocalising hegemonic social representations which exist in any community. The case study of a Georgian emigrant's living in Germany vividly reveals the wave of self-transformations which she undergoes after the liberation from the pressure of native promoter signs and engagement with the German ones. Specific microgenetic experiences leading to the transformations at the ontogenetic level are highlighted. Symmetric and asymmetric forms of communication are conceived as particular instances of relating. This paper vividly reveals the significance of the exploration of the forms of dynamic relations between various components of the self and socio-cultural environment and entailing intra-psychic and external negotiations for better understanding of the nature of humans' epigenetic development.

Perkembangan Aspek Hukum Alih Teknologi Di Indonesia

This legal research aims to analyze the various applicable laws and regulations related to the rules on technology transfer in Indonesia. The legal research method used in this legal research uses normative legal research and uses secondary legal material as a reference for collecting data. This legal research would like to convey the need for regulation of Sui Generis technology transfer which has become an interesting old issue and needs to be discussed. That the rules of technology transfer which are spread in various laws and regulations are felt to be unable to provide legal protection for the host country where developed countries invest and establish their companies. Inability to provide protection is basically no strict sanctions if the country or TNC does not make efforts to transfer technology as mandated by the legislation. This because the provisions regarding transfer technology are an agreement and do not have compelling power for developed countries or transnational companies. Therefore, by doing the preparation of technology transfer sui generis as well as special attention from the government about this condition, it will provide benefits and advantages for the host country to manage the transfer of technology that it obtains

Marketing Islamic services: tackling misconceptualisation of commercial insurance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer an alternative conceptualisation of commercial insurance that is based on service thinking and compares it to the ideas flowing from goods thinking that currently appears to be a dominant mindset.Design/methodology/approachWhen deliberating on commercial insurance, Muslim jurists and scholars followed a misleading route of logical reasoning that is based on comparing insurance to other approved commercial contracts within Islamic Law. In this paper, the author questions such reasoning by contrasting the framework of service thinking to that of goods thinking.FindingsThe alternative framework proposed in this paper repositions commercial insurance as a unique type of service (rather than a good). It shows that commercial insurance can be seen as a bundle of benefits, which unfold in a gradual, intermittent, sporadic manner depending on the circumstances. This mode of a servicing relationship focuses on harm removal rather than the opportunistic actualisation of unfair monetary gain. Insurance premium is conceptualised as an availability fee, while compensation payout is recast as the restoration of value.Practical implicationsMuslim jurists and marketing practitioners can use this framework to further scrutinise the permissibility of different varieties of commercial insurance in the contexts of both Muslim and non-Muslim majority countries. As service thinking radically repositions the essence and structure of commercial insurance, the views on the relevance of “gharar” and “riba” may undergo significant re-conceptualisation. Moreover, the design of takaful options can be improved on this basis.Social implicationsService thinking can better elucidate a positive societal role of commercial insurance that is in accord with the societal and Islamic maxim of harm removal. Some objections to commercial insurance relate to public policy failures. Well-regulated commercial insurance industries can substantially contribute to the economic development of impoverished societies.Originality/valueThis paper exemplifies compelling power as well as potential of the discipline of Islamic marketing in contributing to significant debates concerning the permissibility of modern commercial options.

The analysis for Beijing's service industry and its effects on regional development

This paper calculates the influence and induction coefficient based on the input-output theory, in order to evaluate the current situation of Beijing’s service industry and its effects on regional development. With online comparison, the author concludes that the service sector is getting more and more important on economic development, while the second industry is still the pillar of growth. The author also finds that the impact of service sector’s influence coefficient on the growth rate of regional economy and the scope of industry is weaker than the induction coefficient. At last, this paper shows that the fundamental compelling power for Beijing’s service development is from the demand side of market, and this gives the benchmark point for policy making in service sector.

LOOKING THROUGH LIDLESS EYES

The German painter Caspar David Friedrich’s The Monk by the Sea (1808–10), a picture that has played an important role in accounts of the prehistory of twentieth-century abstract art, is significant among other reasons because it bravely refused painting’s narrative vocation and in so doing radicalized the optics characteristic of the contemporary aesthetics of the sublime. Friedrich’s contemporary, the novelist and dramatist Heinrich von Kleist, intuited precisely this in his scintillating comments on the painting at the time it appeared. Invoking the shocking idea that looking at The Monk by the Sea is like seeing through eyes whose lids have been cut off, he recognized that Friedrich had transformed the canvas into the locus not so much of narration and signification as of sensation. This article leans on the terms devised by Gilles Deleuze to explain the paintings of Francis Bacon in order to explore the seminal shift in the relationship between spectator and composition that Friedrich’s canvas dramatizes with such compelling power.

Achieving Fully Blade-Coated Ambient-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells by Controlling the Blade-Coater Temperature

The state-of-the-art solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have reached the compelling power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.1%, comparable with most of the current single-junction nonconcentrated commercialized solar cells. However, the development of scalable printing and coating techniques compatible with the fabrication of PVSCs in ambient conditions still lags behind, due to the following two reasons: 1) The ambient oxygen and moisture significantly degrade the characteristics and functionality of the perovskite films, and 2) most of the research groups focus on the lab-scale spin-coating, hindering gaining knowledge and experience required to understand and employ scalable methods. In this paper, we fabricated all layers of the PVSCs, except for the back contact, by scalable blade-coating method, performed in ambient conditions, and achieved a high PCE of 11.1%, with superior device stability. Through selecting a nonhalide source and strong reducing agent, we alleviated the oxidation problem in ambient conditions. Moreover, we found an optimized blade-coater substrate temperature of 125 °C, which can yield micrometer-scale perovskite domain size created by thermocapillary Marangoni motion, high crystallinity, large absorption, and prolonged carrier lifetime. These results are promising for manufacturing PVSCs in high volume and in ambient conditions.

أثر القوة التنظيمية على الالتزام التنظيمي في المنظمة : دراسة حالة جامعة طاهري محمد بشار = Impact of the Organizational Strength on the Organizational Commitment : Case of Study, Tahri Mohammad Bechar University

القوة التنظيمية | الالتزام التنظيمي | المورد البشري | القوة الشرعية | قوة المكافأة | قوة الخبرة | قوة الإكراه والإعجاب | Organizational Power | Organizational Commitment | Human Resource | Legitimate Power | Awarding Power | Experience Power | Attracting and Compelling Power

Review: Quest for Beauty: The Architecture, Landscapes, and Collections of John Yeon

Quest for Beauty: The Architecture, Landscapes, and Collections of John Yeon Portland Art Museum, Oregon 13 May–3 September 2017 It was the compelling power of towering snowcapped mountains, deep forests, and sharp peaks plunging precipitously into the Pacific Ocean that served as the driving force of John Yeon's life. Born in 1910, he grew up in the shadow of an ambitious father who began as a logger, rose to become a leading figure in Portland, Oregon, and in 1913 supervised the construction of the state's first paved highway along the Columbia Gorge, the nation's first scenic route. Equally important was Yeon's mother, whose pioneering family began as homesteaders in Portland in the 1850s and through whom her son acquired an appreciation of the arts. Thus early on Yeon was drawn to the vast scale and powerful pull of the natural beauty of untouched wilderness—the rugged Oregon coastline, the deep Columbia Gorge with its powerful river, the flora and fauna of the forest—but also to the small scale and refinement of fine art. Having grown up in privileged circumstances and inherited wealth, Yeon turned to architecture in his late teens. He worked summers in the offices of A. E. Doyle, Portland's largest and most successful architectural firm, whose practice followed the classicizing tradition of McKim, Mead & White, and in the office of the Beaux-Arts–trained architect Herman Brookman. Granted access to their extensive libraries of architectural books, Yeon acquired a knowledge of and taste for European traditions at once Palladian and English picturesque. …

Should unionists support PR? Electoral systems, party systems and territorial integration in the United Kingdom

Conventional wisdom has it that the British first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP) fosters an all-British two-party system which in turn provides territorial integration to a multi-national British state. While the first relationship has been significantly weakened since the early 1970s, the second one lost much of its compelling power at the General Election of 2015. However, as this analysis shows, the integrating function of the British party system has been a myth for quite some time. The FPTP system may have helped to concentrate votes in the two major British parties, yet it has also heavily exaggerated the existing electoral divergence between different parts of the country and has thus contributed considerably to the disintegration of the UK polity. As this effect becomes increasingly obvious, strong commitment to unionist ideology might be expected to induce corresponding support for electoral reform in both the Conservative and the Labour Party. The territorial concentration of their MPs (in part a consequence of this exaggeration), though, means that career self-interest points in the opposite direction.

Beckett, um brasileiro: o teatro beckettiano no Brasil do século XXI

A recepção brasileira da obra de Samuel Beckett entrou o século XXI animada por uma profusão de montagens, estudos acadêmicos e novas traduções. A recente montagem de Fim de jogo, com Renato Borghi e Élcio Nogueira dirigidos por Isabel Teixeira; o espetáculo Moi lui, adaptação do romance Molloy para o palco, com Ana Kfouri, dirigida por Isabel Cavalcanti; e a série de performances, encenações e debates intitulada Ocupação Sozinhos Juntos, concebida e dirigida pelos Irmãos Guimarães, são três excelentes pretextos para pensar as condições e consequências da apropriação da obra beckettiana no contexto local e atual, propósito deste artigo.Palavras-chave: Samuel Beckett, Teatro, Recepção, Beckett no Brasil.Abstract: When considering Beckett’s reception in Brazil, one must sound at least a bit like Caliban. The necessary perspective is of one completely seduced by, yet at the same time rather suspicious and resentful of the compelling power of a master’s voice, even if not one’s master’s voice. How to avoid being converted into an echo chamber of such a prestigious, precise and alluring architecture of ruins? Is it at all possible not to be completely swallowed by his work, to read Beckett’s plays and prose from an interested, active, unusual point of view, but still preserve the spirit of his poetics, so strictly connected to the flesh of revolutionary form? So this paper concentrates on the twenty-first century century reception of Beckett in Brazil, namely, giving an account of three very recent local productions of his work: Isabel Teixeira’s Fim de jogo (Endgame); Isabel Cavalcanti’s Moi lui (based on Molloy); and Fernando and Adriano Guimarães’ Ocupação Sozinhos Juntos, all of them fully accomplished examples of the challenges involved in staging Beckett in a peripheral cultural context.Keywords: Samuel Beckett, Theater, Reception, Beckett in Brazil.

Viscosity, surface tension, density and contact angle of selected PbI2, PbCl2 and methylammonium lead halide perovskite solutions used in perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently under vigorous research and development, owing to their compelling power conversion efficiencies. PSCs are solution-processed and, therefore, are fabricated using casting and printing methods, such as spin, spray and blade coating. The coating characteristics significantly depend on the physical and rheological properties of the solutions. Thus, due to the scarcity of such properties, in this work, we report the surface tension, viscosity, density, and contact angle of selected methylammonium lead halide perovskite solutions, in order to gain insight into the behavior of the perovskite solutions and the range of such physical properties. The contact angles were measured on PEDOT:PSS and compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) substrates, commonly used as the underneath layers of the perovskite film. In total, 12 solutions of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx dissolved in common solvents, as well as solutions of PbI2, PbCl2, and CH3NH3I were tested. Among the results, it is shown that the tested perovskite solutions are Newtonian, the apparent contact angles on the mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) are close to zero, on the PEDOT:PSS are around 10°, and on the c-TiO2 are around 30°. Also, contact angle hysteresis is observed in the case of the c-TiO2 substrates. Representative impact dynamics and spreading of perovskite solution droplets are also studied, to demonstrate the importance of the solution properties and process parameters on the coating process.

Toward scale-up of perovskite solar cells: Annealing-free perovskite layer by low-cost ultrasonic substrate vibration of wet films

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved compelling power conversion efficiencies (PCE), but at the expense of employing costly processes and treatments, which alongside the inadequate stability and lifetime, hinder the scale-up of this technology. This paper studies the possibility of fabricating annealing-free, anti-solvent-free PSCs, to pave the way for the commercialization of the technology through reducing the fabrication steps and costs. To this end, the as-spun wet perovskite films are subjected to ultrasonic vibration for the optimum duration time of 3 min, where the vibration controls the crystal growth and serves as an in-situ annealing step, eliminating the need for an additional post treatment step. The annealing-free PSCs with anti-solvent treatment show a PCE of 14.09%, whereas the annealing-free, anti-solvent-free devices show a PCE of 10.43%, demonstrating the merit of the novel approach used in this work for low-cost fabrication of PSCs. The ultrasonic vibration treatment is compatible with other perovskite formulations that yield higher PCEs, as well as scalable deposition techniques, such as spray, blade, and slot-die coating.

Influence of Cathode Catalyst Layer Ionomer on Air-Cooled, Open-Cathode Fuel Cells

Application of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in a planar, open-cathode configuration can significantly reduce system weight and complexity compared to a conventional fuel cell stack with closed cathodes. This decrease in device weight makes an array of open-cathode fuel cells a compelling power source for unmanned aerial vehicles because vehicle performance is highly dependent on weight. Forfeiting the ability to precondition incoming air to the cathodes leaves the fuel cells vulnerable to dry-out. Our previous studies on open-cathode fuel cells demonstrate that low porosity gas diffusion media facilitate a lower cell temperature and improve cell hydration but cell performance is still limited by significant ohmic resistance related to dehydration by evaporation at moderate cell temperatures (~40°C). Short-side-chain (SSC) ionomers with high ion exchange capacity have shown promise in closed cathode fuel cells by improving proton conductivity, especially during low RH operation, compared to their long-side-chain counterpart, Nafion. In this work, we study the relationship between cathode catalyst layer ionomer and cell polarization behavior in ambient conditions that have been observed to exacerbate dry-out and flooding in open-cathode fuel cells. Catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) are prepared in-house with an automated, ultrasonic spray, layer-by-layer deposition method. Catalyst layers are formed with ionomers of variable equivalent weight and pendant side chain length and the catalyst layer proton conductivity is measured as a function of these properties. We use cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize the catalyst layers and performance losses in various ambient conditions.