Compatible Coding Research Articles

CodePartner: A Platform to Find Like-Minded Programmers

Abstract: CodePartner is a global platform that connects programmers to compatible coding partners based on their language, skills, experience, and project preferences. The platform aims to solve the challenge of finding the right coding partner, particularly for those new to the industry or working remotely. CodePartner uses a matching algorithm that considers various factors, including programming languages and project interests, to ensure optimal partner-pairings that work well together. The platform also features a messaging system that allows partners to communicate in real-time and collaborate seamlessly, regardless of their location. CodePartner enables programmers to expand their network, enhance their skills, and produce highquality projects effortlessly. Whether experienced programmers seeking new collaborators or beginners looking for guidance, CodePartner offers the ideal platform to conn .ect with the right partner and achieve their coding goals.

Genetic optimization of 5G-NR LDPC codes for lowering the error floor of BICM systems

With the wide range of commercial uses of fifth generation (5G), new radio (NR) communication networks, the wireless transmission becomes more efficient, reliable and faster. At the same time, high-quality signal transmission for 5G networks and beyond has also encountered new opportunities and challenges. Channel coding is a key technology to ensure reliable information transmission and service quality. However, the 5G-NR LDPC coded bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) sometimes suffers from relatively high error floors, so it can not always guarantee the high-quality and low-delay wireless transmission. In this paper, we propose a further redesign of the 5G-NR LDPC coded BICM based on genetic algorithm (GenAlg). By adjusting the number of the non-zero elements, the corresponding positions and shifting values in base matrix, we optimize the 5G-NR LDPC codes with GenAlg according to the error performances of coded BICM schemes. Simulation results show that the optimized 5G-NR LDPC codes which still support length and rate compatible coding have lower error floors with a little performance loss int the waterfall region compared to the standard 5G-NR LDPC codes with different modulation orders.

Parallel Processing Architecture for Subband Coding Using DSPs

In the last decades, several new requirements came into being: progressive image transmission, compatible coding, layered coding for networks. The solutions of these problems are related to splitting the input image signal into required parts and to effective coding these subimages. The wavelet theory and the subband techniques are used in most cases for real time realizations. In these cases, solely VLSI ICs and parallel processing methods are applicable. In this paper the basic conception of an experimental parallel processing codec using high performance DSPs (AT&T DSP32C) is described. The aim of this unit is to make possible the investigations of the several subband coding algorithms of image and speech codecs in real time.

Spatio-temporal model-assisted very low-bit-rate coding with compatibility

We propose the concept of spatio-temporal model-assisted compatible coding, a technique that selectively encodes areas of different importance to the human eye in terms of space and time in moving images. Our motivation is the fact that eye contact and lip synchronization are very important in person-to-person communication. Several areas including the eyes and lips require different types of quality since they have different perceptual significance to human observers. For example, for the eyes, high resolution is needed for clear communication, while for the lips frequent refresh is desirable. Fully automatic algorithms are described for performing model area detection and motion tracking. An area-selective (AS) rate control scheme is proposed, in order to effect AS bit allocation. It extends prior work that dealt with only the spatial dimensions to include the temporal aspects of the video signal as well. The decoder does not need to be changed in any way although the encoder's rate control unit is modified. As a result, the scheme can be used in compliance with standards-based codecs. As the scene model is only used in the rate control module (hence the term model-assisted), the technique does not suffer from the artifacts associated with model-based coding. Extensive experimental results are provided using ITU-T H.263, addressing very low bit-rate compression (below 64 kb/s).

Stimulus-response compatibility with wheel-rotation responses: Will an incompatible response coding be used when a compatible coding is possible?

Three experiments were conducted in which subjects responded to left-right tones with clockwise-counterclockwise rotations of a steering wheel using one of two stimulus-response assignments. When the hands were at the bottom of the wheel, where hand movement is opposite to wheel movement, subjects coded responses according to the frame that yielded a compatible mapping when the instructions did not emphasize either hand or wheel movements (Experiment 1). When instructions emphasized hand movements, responses were coded relative to the hand-referenced frame (Experiment 2), and when the wheel controlled a visual cursor, responses were coded relative to a cursor-referenced frame (Experiment 3). Coding with respect to these frames occurred even when the resulting mapping was incompatible.

E-VSB-an 8-VSB compatible system with improved white noise and multipath performance

Enhanced VSB (E-VSB) is a flexible, compatible outer coding enhancement to ATSC 8-VSB which trades payload bit rate for improved white noise and multipath performance when properly equipped receivers are utilized. It is transparent to legacy ATSC receivers. The coding method and experimental results are described.

Basics of stereoscopic video, new compression results with MPEG-2 and a proposal for MPEG-4

Abstract Many current as well as emerging applications in areas of entertainment, remote operations, manufacturing industry and medicine can benefit from the depth perception offered by stereoscopic video systems which employ two views of a scene imaged under the constraints imposed by the human visual system. Among the many challenges to be overcome for practical realization and widespread use of 3D/stereoscopic systems are good systems for 3D video capture, display and efficient techniques for digital compression of enormous amounts of data while maintaining compatibility with normal video decoding and display systems. After a brief introduction to the basics of 3D/stereo including issues of depth perception, imaging and display, we present a brief overview of portions of the MPEG-2 video standard that are relevant to our discussion on compression of stereoscopic video. Next, we outline the various approaches for compression of stereoscopic video and then focus on compatible stereoscopic video coding using MPEG-2 Temporal scalability concepts. Compatible coding employing two different types of prediction structures become potentially possible, disparity compensated prediction and combined disparity and motion compensated predictions. To further improve coding performance and display quality, gain and offset preprocessing for reducing mismatch between the two views forming stereoscopic video is considered. We then introduce the various considerations in coding of stereoscopic video at lower bit-rates for the ongoing MPEG-4 standard. A method is proposed that builds on the proven framework of MPEG-2 like coding but introduces additional coding flexibilities to achieve reasonable performance at lower bit-rates for MPEG-4. Next, results of experiments are presented for a variety of combinations of MPEG-2 based coding methods for the left and the right views while employing TV resolution video for a number of sequences and for various bit-rates. The combined disparity and motion-compensated prediction is found to offer the best performance among combinations tested. These results indicate that compression of both views of stereoscopic video of normal TV resolution appears feasible with good quality in a total of 6–8 Mbit/s. Further, results are presented at much lower bit-rates based on the coding method proposed for MPEG-4 on two long test sequences. We then discuss multi-viewpoint video applications, the ongoing efforts towards a multi-viewpoint profile in MPEG-2 and expected direction of multi-viewpoint video coding in MPEG-4.

Complementary coding conforms to the primeval comma-less code

The hypothesis that the universal genetic code is adapted to double-strand coding is supported by its remarkable compatibility with the RNY comma-less hypothesis. Coding by a triplet code on a polynucleotide double-strand allows for enciphering of five additional messages with reference to a chosen primary reading frame. Assuming the acceptance of coupled mutations on both strands, the best codon register for two overlapping messages can be inferred. The idea of evolutionarily compatible coding of two proteins by one nucleotide double-strand is extended to complementary coding for one protein in folded, single-stranded RNA.

HDTV/TV compatible coding based on intrafield/interframe adaptive LOT and its characteristics

AbstractThis paper describes an HDTV/TV compatible coding method based on lapped orthogonal transform (LOT). With this method, TV signals are obtained by performing N/2‐point inverse LOT to low‐order N/2 coefficients. It is shown that the LOT domain decimation reduces the aliasing noise in TV images more efficiently than the DCT‐based method. In addition, intrafield/inter‐frame adaptive LOT coding is examined. The experimental results show that the coding efficiency of intrafield/interframe adaptive LOT coding is higher than that of intrafield/interframe adaptive DCT coding. LOT coding improves the SNR by 1 dB in fixed bit rate HDTV coding at 130 Mb/s. By using LOT as a decimation filter as well as a bit rate reduction algorithm in compatible HDTV coding, the quality of the TV images and the coding efficiency are better than with the DCT‐based method.

Comments on "Interpolative multiresolution coding of advanced television with compatible subchannels" (and reply and additional comments)

Recently, Uz et al. (ibid., vol.1., no.1, p.86-99, 1991) analyzed the propagation of quantization noise in a pyramid (with feedback) and subband decomposition schemes. In this study each band was independently quantized by a scalar quantizer of equal step size. The resulting reconstruction error spectrum indicated that in both the pyramid (without feedback) and subband coding schemes, noise was building up in lower frequencies. The commenters show that a quantizer assignment method, using mean-square-error (MSE) optimal bit allocation, avoids the problem. The authors argue that the problem is more involved than just MSE optimal bit allocation, and that compatible coding was the focus, as well as guaranteed quality, effects of numerical computations, and perceptual effects. The commenters further support their argument. >

Image filtering with orthogonal projectors for burst error control

The design of image prefilters for error control is considered and seen to be closely related to the problem of designing antialiasing filters to precede signal decimation. Intrafield codes are introduced, some of which can be implemented with fewer than 1 multiplier per 100 pixels. These codes have a great advantage in a bandlimited TV environment over alternative error-control methods requiring no redundancy, since they depend on prefiltering of the image. The primary implementation cost is, therefore, that of intrafield processors at the source and receiver. These processors consist primarily of a field store and of simple arithmetic units implementing vertical line (comb). filtering. In the optimal filters discussed, most coefficients are +or-1's. An application to compatible coding of TV signals for control of impulse errors in NTSC signals is presented. The emphasis is on encoding by vertical filtering and burst error estimation. >

Compatible coding of television images, part 2. Compatible system

The coding system described in Part 1 allows compatible coding between various image formats ranging from VT to HDP and including interlaced formats. Interlaced input signals are converted into their ‘progressive equivalent’ before splitting. Compatible coding is based on the so-called Format Independent Splitting (FIS) approach: the same splitting is used whatever the input format except for interlaced inputs, which do not undergo the first horizontal splitting. Temporal correlation must be taken into account to obtain good quality images at bit rates below 1 bit per pel. Nevertheless, the hybrid scheme must be designed carefully in order to keep compatibility capabilities and avoid any drift at the compatible decoder side.

Compatible coding of television images, part 1. Coding algorithm

This paper describes a multiresolution coding system based on a ‘full subband’ approach. The input image is first split according to a separable hierarchical structure and each resulting band is then independently PCM encoded. In order to obtain quite an optimal coding scheme, subband filters must belong to a particular class of ‘admissible’ filters and the decomposition tree must be chosen carefully.

A CCITT compatible coding algorithm for digital recording of moving images

This paper describes the work carried out in CSELT with the aim of providing a sensible solution to the problem of recording moving images on digital storage media. The starting point for the proposed algorithm has been the CCITT H.261 Reference Model, future standard for synchronous transmissions at p × 64 kbits/s ( p = 1,…,30). The algorithm provides all the facilities required for recording purposes.