Compassion Scale Research Articles

Heartfulness in Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness. In total, 419 persons participated. After providing demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related information, participants completed a gratitude questionnaire, a self-compassion scale, a compassion scale, and an equanimity scale. The results show that vegans and vegetarians indicated higher scores than omnivores in some aspects of heartfulness, such as both self-compassion scales. These effects could not be shown for the two equanimity scales and for the gratitude questionnaire. Most aspects of heartfulness could either be predicted by demographic or diet-related variables. The best predictors of the elements of heartfulness were the ecological, ethical, or health-related reasons for choosing their diet stated by the participants, as well as the importance the participants attached to nutrition. This study provides evidence that vegans and vegetarians scored higher in several aspects of heartfulness. Vegans tended to score even higher than vegetarians. Both demographic and diet-related variables could predict heartfulness.

Compassion and burnout syndrome in medical students from the Colombian Caribbean coast

IntroductionCompassion is expected to be a characteristic present in medical students, since it is a key element in subsequent professional practice (Blanco et al., 2021). However, during the degree, students go through various demands that can generate burnout syndrome (Amor et al., 2020) and as a consequence a decrease in compassion. In this sense, it is important to provide empirical evidence on the possible relationship between these two constructs, in order to generate support that allows the implementation of mental health promotion strategies.ObjectivesAnalyze the relationship between compassion and burnout syndrome in medical students.MethodsThis study was done through a cross-sectional study of correlational scope in 250 medical students. The Compassion Scales developed by Gilbert (Gilbert et al., 2017) were used; they assess three general factors (Self-compassion, Compassion for others, and Compassion from others), However, in this study, we used only the self-compassion and compassion for others scales.ResultsThe results revealed a statistically significant, positive correlation between personal accomplishment and self-compassion. In the case of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, significant associations were also found with self-compassion and compassion for others, but of a negative magnitude (Table 1).Image:ConclusionsIt was concluded that the higher the levels of self-compassion of the medical students evaluated, the greater their personal fulfillment. On the other hand, the lower the levels of self-compassion and compassion for others, the higher levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were found in medical studentsDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Fear of Compassion and Big Five Personality Traits in College Students

ABSTRACT Compassion and self-compassion have significant benefits for well-being and mental health. Recent literature has demonstrated that some individuals experience fear when receiving compassion from oneself or others. Fear of compassion from oneself, from others, and for others are separate but related constructs that have been strongly linked to self-criticism, depression, anxiety, and stress among college students. The present study examines how fears of compassion (measured by the Fear of Compassion scales) relate to Big Five personality traits (measured by the NEO Five Factor Inventory; Costa & McCrae, 1992) in college students. Bivariate correlational analyses revealed fear of compassion to be correlated positively with neuroticism and negatively with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These findings add to the literature in understanding which individuals harbor fear of compassion. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.

Innovation in Health Programming: College Students Benefit from an Array of Complementary Approaches to Health Improvement Framed by the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model

ABSTRACT Background The American Psychological Association reports that Generation Z are suffering mentally and physically more than any other group. Purpose Measure the effects of a 16-week, online college-level “Complementary Therapies in Health Course” through the lens of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model on measures of health and aspects of well-being in college students. Methods A mixed method, controlled, repeated measures study delivered in an online synchronous college-level health course. The course curriculum included the science and practice of compassion, happiness, mindfulness, meditation, yoga, service, gratitude, longevity, movement, and more. Results 42 students 18–23 participated. A significant between subjects cross-over effect demonstrating improvements in the intervention group and deterioration in the control group was found using the Self Compassion Scale (p < .005), Self-Compassion subscale of Judgment (p < .001), Spiritual Well-being Scale (p < .047), and the Pemberton Happiness Index (p < .007). The Self Compassion Scale also revealed a within subjects significant effect (p < .001). Qualitative data revealed improvements in compassion, feelings of happiness, sleep, exercise and health habits, gratitude, mindfulness, spiritual feelings, and more. Discussion Health education predicated on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model is efficacious. Translation to Health Education Practices A whole person, complementary health approach to education programming has widespread, positive effects on college students. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars

Self Compassion and Interpersonal Mindfulness as Predictors of Forgiveness in Adulthood

The purpose of the research was to discover whether self compassion and interpersonal mindfulness predict forgiveness in adulthood. In this study, data were gathered from 547 participants, 345 of whom were female (x̄=80.72, sd=16.51) and 202 of whom were male (x̄=81.60, sd=17.33) and between the ages of 22 and 65. “Personal Information Form”, “Heartland Forgiveness Scale”, “Self Compassion Scale”, and “Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale” are the measuring instruments. Multiple regression analysis was conducted on the data. According to a multivariate regression analysis, self compassion and interpersonal mindfulness are predictors of forgiveness. In addition, regression analysis revealed that self compassion and interpersonal mindfulness accounted for 39% of the overall variance in adult forgiveness. In light of the literature and study, the findings are interpreted and defended, and numerous recommendations are provided.

Impact of a mental health patient portal on patients’ views of compassion: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundCompassion is central to achieving positive clinical outcomes, commonly studied as a concept that enhances therapeutic alliance between patients and clinicians. Within mental health care, compassion may be enhanced by a patient portal, a digital platform where information is exchanged between clinicians and patients. The portal is viewed as a compassion-oriented technology, as it may positively influence safety, disease management, and patient engagement. As portals have limited implementation in mental health care, it is imperative to research the impact of portal use on patient’s perspectives of compassion expressed by clinicians.MethodsWe conducted a convergent mixed methods study to assess and understand the impact of portal use on patients’ experience of compassion in mental health care settings. The quantitative strand encompassed a self-administered survey consisting of a validated compassion scale at the time of enrolment in the portal and after both three and 6 months of portal use. The qualitative strand consisted of semi-structured interviews with patients after the three-month mark of portal use. Data collection and analysis of both strands happened independently, then these two complementary findings were merged narratively.ResultsA total of 113 patient surveys and ten interviews were included in analysis. The univariate model with time as the only independent variable did not show significant differences in the total compassion scores across the three time points, F (2, 135) = 0.36 p = 0.7. The model was then adjusted for sex, age, and diagnosis and did not show significant changes in the total compassion scores, F (2, 135) = 0.42 p = 0.66. Interview findings identified both positive and negative influences of portal use in patients’ perception of compassion. Some participants described compassion as something personal, not associated with the portal use. However, some participants reported that portals facilitated treatment experiences, being reflective of compassionate care.ConclusionsPatient portals in mental health care may allow for timely exchange of information and create a space outside appointments to strengthen relationships between clinicians and patients, improving compassionate delivery of care. Further research can help better understand how portals can contribute to digital compassion as technological advancements continue to be integrated into mental health care contexts.

Overview of Self-Compassion on Nurses at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan 2022

Self-compassion is a mindset of accepting, understanding, and loving oneself in order to be capable of manipulating feelings positively, overcoming problems faced, decreasing anxiety, stress, and depression; and also being superb in knowing oneself when experiencing difficulties so as no longer to criticize oneself excessively and can enhance the exceptional of life, accordingly self-compassion is needed in nursing services in enhancing the excellent of nursing services. This study aims to identify self-compassion in nurses at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2022. We used a descriptive method. The sampling technique is total sampling, and we have 196 respondents. This study uses a compassion scale questionnaire with 26 statements, consisting of 6 components, namely self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and overidentification. The results obtained from the description of self-compassion of nurses at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan 2022. We found that in high category as many as 62.8%, and in low category as many as 37.2%. It can be said that the self-compassion of nurses at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan is high in treating themselves and others well and being able to understand one's shortcomings. We hope that nurses can maintain their self-compassion in service tasks.

Improvements in Compassion and Fears of Compassion throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Study.

During large-scale disasters, social support, caring behaviours, and compassion are shown to protect against poor mental health outcomes. This multi-national study aimed to assess the fluctuations in compassion over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents (Time 1 n = 4156, Time 2 n = 980, Time 3 n = 825) from 23 countries completed online self-report questionnaires measuring the flows of compassion (i.e., Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales) and fears of compassion toward self and others and from others (i.e., Fears of Compassion Scales) and mental health at three time-points during a 10-month period. The results for the flows of compassion showed that self-compassion increased at Time 3. Compassion for others increased at Time 2 and 3 for the general population, but in contrast, it decreased in health professionals, possibly linked to burnout. Compassion from others did not change in Time 2, but it did increase significantly in Time 3. For fears of compassion, fears of self-compassion reduced over time, fears of compassion for others showed more variation, reducing for the general public but increasing for health professionals, whilst fears of compassion from others did not change over time. Health professionals, those with compassion training, older adults, and women showed greater flows of compassion and lower fears of compassion compared with the general population, those without compassion training, younger adults, and men. These findings highlight that, in a period of shared suffering, people from multiple countries and nationalities show a cumulative improvement in compassion and reduction in fears of compassion, suggesting that, when there is intense suffering, people become more compassionate to self and others and less afraid of, and resistant to, compassion.

Correlation between mindfulness, empathy and compassion levels of nursing students: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe concept of mindfulness does not attract enough attention in the field of health. Despite this, it is thought to be effective on the concept of empathy and compassion, which have an importance in nursing practices. AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the mindfulness, empathy and compassion levels of nursing students. MethodsThis is a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study which comprised 347 students in the nursing department of a university. As data collection tools, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Basic Empathy Scale and the Compassion Scale. FindingsThe results of the study show that no significant correlation was found between the mindfulness, total empathy levels and cognitive empathy levels of the students, and that there was a significant negative correlation between their emotional empathy levels. There was found to be a significant positive correlation between their mindfulness and total compassion levels. DiscussionThe findings of this study contribute to the literature that the mindfulness of nursing students is not related to total empathy levels, but is closely related to compassion levels. Some studies in the literature support these findings. ConclusionIt is thought that knowing, teaching and developing the concepts of empathy and compassion in nursing education is important for raising nurses who can provide compassionate care with a high level of empathy. The practice of mindfulness should always have a prominent role in nursing education. Its correlation with empathy and compassion should be consistently highlighted.

A validation study of the self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF) with ant colony optimization in a Turkish sample

The general purpose of this study is to validate the Turkish version of the short form of Self- Compassion Scale (SCS) by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). For this purpose, data were collected from two different samples. Sample-1 (n = 398) and Sample-2 (n = 233) consist of young and middle-aged adults. Short forms were created by selecting the most suitable items for unidimensional, two-factor correlated, six-factor correlated, six-factor higher-order, bifactor-CFA and bifactor- ESEM factor structures using ACO over Sample-1, and the best short form was determined using model-data fit indices. After the determination of the bifactor-ESEM with Sample-1 as the best factor structure, the model data fits and reliability indices of the relevant factor structure were cross-validated on Sample-2. Strict measurement invariance was established between age groups. The results indicate that the SCS-SF developed in this study is a valid and reliable measurement tool with a bifactor-ESEM structure with 12 items, 6 specific factors, and a general factor.

Investigation of The Relationship Between Resilience, Self-Compassion, and Attachment Styles in Interpersonal Relationships In Married Individuals

This study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between resilience, self-compassion, and attachment styles. The study group consists of a total of 1026 married individuals, 574 females (55.9%) and 452 males (44.1%) aged 18 and above. As data collecting tools, “Brief Resilience Scale”, “The Self Compassion Scale” and “Attachment Styles Scale in Interpersonal Relationships” were used. In the study, the relationships between resilience and self-compassion, and attachment styles were examined by correlation and regression analysis. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant relationship has been found between resilience and self-compassion, secure attachment, anxious attachment, and avoidant attachment. From the result of the analysis, it has been determined that the resilience levels of the married individuals were significantly predicted by self-compassion, secure attachment, and anxious attachment variables, while it has been not predicted by avoidant attachment variables. The findings obtained have been discussed in the context of the literature.

Mindfulness for the self-management of negative coping, rumination and fears of compassion in people with cancer: An exploratory study.

Cancer and its treatments have the potential to significantly impact mental health, provoking feelings of anxiety, depression, and distress, which can last long after treatment is over. One of the most rapidly emerging influences in the healthcare field is mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), which are designed to cultivate present moment awareness, attentional flexibility, compassion and acceptance, to reduce physical and psychological distress. However, there is limited research into the efficacy of MBIs or disease specific MBIs in shifting negative coping, ruminative thinking and fears of compassion as primary outcomes in individuals with cancer. This exploratory study was designed to evaluate inter- and intra-individual change in the management of negative coping, rumination and fears of compassion, following a cancer-specific mindfulness-based intervention. A single group, non-experimental, repeated measures study of 22 participants across six cancer care centres explored the efficacy of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Cancer (MBCT-Ca) course. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) examined reliable clinical improvement, deterioration, or no change in individuals on the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MACS), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Fears of Compassion Scale (FCS). About 82% of participants (n=18) saw an improvement in at least one measure. A significant decrease in primary outcome scores was observed in negative coping, ruminating and fears of self-compassion. There were significant correlations between the fear of self-compassion and depressive ruminating, fear of accepting compassion from others and showing it to others pre and post intervention. Our findings indicate that the MBCT-Ca programme may significantly reduce negative coping, ruminating and fears of self-compassion improving psychological health and wellbeing in cancer survivors.

Do the Compassion and Spirituality Levels of TurkishNursing Students Influence their Attitudes Toward Organ Donation?

This study was a descriptive-correlational design whichevaluated the relationship between compassion and spirituality levels and attitudes toward organ donation among Turkish nursing students. Asample of 296 participants studying in the nursing department of a foundation university in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. A descriptive information form, Spirituality Scale, Compassion Scale, and Organ Donation Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate scale scores. The compassion levels of students were high, their attitudes toward organ donation were positive and strong, and their level of spirituality ([Formula: see text]= 18.71 ± 6.10) was slightly above average. Higher levels of spirituality and compassion were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward organ donation (p < 0.05). The compassion and spirituality of nurses should be high for raising public awareness of organ donation.

PERBEDAAN FEAR OF COMPASSION PADA MAHASISWA DI PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MANADO

This study aims to determine the differences in fear of compassion among students in class 2019 and class 2021 at the Psychology Study Program, Manado State University. This research method uses quantitative research methods. The subjects of this study used 187 students in the Psychology Study Program at Manado State University using a purposive sampling technique. This research instrument modifies the fear of compassion scale from Paul Gilbert et al (2011) with 46 items. The research was tested using the Independent Sample T Test. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is a difference in fear of compassion in the 2019 and 2021 classes.

SELF COMPASSION DAN GRATITUDE SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR LONELINESS NARAPIDANA PEREMPUAN DI LAPAS PEREMPUAN KELAS IIA MEDAN

Female prisoners who are serving their sentence in prison are prone to feeling lonely. Loneliness is a feeling of anxiety or depression due to a discrepancy between expectations and reality and an inability to establish and maintain relationships. These feelings made prisoners easy to get psychological effects, such as depression. This study aims to determine the role of self-compassion and gratitude towards loneliness in female prisoners at Lapas Kelas IIA Medan. Sampling carried out using a non-probability technique on 251 female prisoners. The measuring instrument in this study is Self Compassion Scale (SCS) developed by Neff (2003); The Indonesian version of the Grateful Scale developed by Listiyandini et al. (2015), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell (1996). Through multiple linear regression analysis, self-compassion and gratitude play a significant role as predictors of loneliness by 6.5% (p&lt;.oo1). The three dimensions of self-compassion, namely self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, also significant on loneliness. The results of this study expected to be one of the considerations for correctional institutions to help female prisoners develop self-compassion and gratitude to reduce feelings of loneliness during their prison terms.

Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

The Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS) are recently developed measures of compassion, which have showed support for a five-factor structure for both other-compassion (SOCS-O) and self-compassion (SOCS-S). The study aimed to validate the Swedish translations of both the SOCS-O and the SOCS-S. A sample of adult participants was randomly split into either an exploratory sample (N = 403) or a replication sample (N = 402). The exploratory sample was used for both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In the replication sample, we (1) used CFA to validate results from the exploratory sample, (2) assessed measurement invariance for different groups (gender, nationality, age), and (3) evaluated psychometric properties using local fit. Results from both sub-samples support the presence of five-factor models for both SOCS-O (using 19 items) and SOCS-S (using 20 items). For both scales, measurement invariance is supported for all grouping variables, and local psychometric properties indicate good internal consistency with fairly good discriminant and convergent validity. This study supports the five-factor model of both other-compassion and self-compassion, respectively, and shows that the Swedish versions of both SOCS-O and SOCS-S are reliable and valid instruments that can be used to index compassion with general adult populations in Sweden and Finland.

Normative solidarity and compassion as determinants of ageism in nursing students: An analysis of mediation and moderation

BackgroundGlobally, the proportion of the older population increases daily. Discrimination against older people, or negative ageing attitudes, is increasing parallelly. To improve the quality of care provided to older people, it is important to determine the factors that lead to negative attitudes and behaviours of nurses toward older people. AimThe present study aimed to examine normative behaviours and compassion as determinants of ageism in nursing students. MethodsA descriptive-relational study. This study was conducted in one nursing faculty in Turkey. One hundred sixty-eight fourth-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected with an information form, the Ageism Attitude Scale, the Intergenerational Normative Solidarity Scale, and the Compassion Scale. Multiple regression, regulatory, and mediation analyses were performed for data analysis. ResultsBeing a male student, visiting a nursing home, wanting to work in the geriatric unit, living in a rural area, intergenerational normative solidarity, and humanitarianism and empathy subdimensions of compassion scale were identified as determinants that prevent ageism. Intergenerational normative solidarity affects ageism both directly and indirectly through the compassion scale. Discussion/ConclusionsIncreasing intergenerational normative solidarity and compassion positively affects nursing students' attitudes toward ageism.

Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as a Predictors of Psychological Well-Bing

The current study aims to know the Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion as a Predictors of Psychological Well-Bing. The study sample consisted of 150 males and females (75 females, 75 males) and their age ranged between (25 to 45) years with a standard deviation of (37±7) years. The average education (8-15) was (12.7±2.6) years. The research tools were the five facet mindfulness Questionnaire, Neff self- compassion scale, and Ryff well-bing Scale. The results of the statistical analysis of the data revealed a positive relationship between mindfulness, self – compassion and well-Bing. Regression analysis showed that model consist of (Mindfulness and Self – compassion) predicted the psychological well-Bing significantly.

Demographic Perspectives of Self-Compassion: Exploring Self-Compassion among Urban Malaysian Adolescents

The study of self-compassion in Malaysia's context is still in its infancy compared to the western countries. It is important to explore the profiles of self-compassion any target population before explaining the phenomenon of self-compassion in further details. In conjunction with that, the presents study aims to examine the demographic perspective specifically, gender, household income, and self-compassion profile of adolescents residing in the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 377 (male = 219, female=158) adolescents aged 16 years old from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur were recruited and agreed to participate in this study. The quantitative approach has been used which participants have completed a set of questionnaires consisting of demographic questions such as gender and household income and also the Social Compassion Scale. Completed questionnaires were then collected and data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Software version 22 using descriptive analysis. The results showed a sub-factor of self-compassion such as self-kindness=3.28, self-judgment=.89, common humanity=1.07, isolation=1.09, mindfulness=.96 and over identification=.99. The mean for self-judgmental as the highest, followed by isolation and self-kindness. The negative factors were higher than positive factors for self-compassion among adolescents compared to other sub-factors of self-compassion. The findings have important implications which provide demographics information on the gender, household income, and self-compassion profile of the adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. Future research suggested using inferential statistics to examine the relationship and influence of self-compassion on adolescent’s life and well-being.

Pengembangan Alat Ukur Self Compassion pada Mahasiswa

In the transition phase of late adolescence to early adulthood, students are required to accept and control the negative emotions they experience for the problems that arise. In that case, this research wants to see how the scale created can measure self- compassion in students. This research focuses on developing a self-compassion measurement tool for students. The methods used in this research are quantitative methods and reading literature. The research sample obtained using non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study obtained 15 items which became the final item with a Likert-scaled model and equipped with concurrent validity analysis against other overlapping scales. This Self Compassion scale shows a significant correlation with the Academic Integrity scale. Then the validity and reliability values obtained are quite large, namely 0.88 and 0.84. It was found that the development of a self-compassion measuring instrument is a valid and reliable measuring instrument in measuring student self-compassion.