Comparison Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

Comparison of polysaccharides from stem barks and flowers of Magnolia officinalis: Compositional characterization, hypoglycemic and photoprotection activities.

The extraction of polysaccharides from stem barks and flowers of Magnolia officinalis were optimized using response surface methodology and the maximum yields were 4.12±0.06% and 5.5±0.08%, respectively. Three homogeneous polysaccharides including MOBP-I, MOBP-II and MOFP-I were further purified and their compositional characterization were compared. Molecular weights of MOBP-I, MOBP-II and MOFP-I were 5.9×103, 6.8×103 and 3.9×104Da, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis suggested that MOBP-I, MOBP-II and MOFP-I were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose at different ratios and exhibited different appearance and glycosidic linkages. MOFP-I but not MOBP-I and MOBP-II had three helix structures. MOBP-I, MOBP-II and MOFP-I showed significant hypoglycemic and photoprotection capacities with different efficacy. MOBP-I had greater hypoglycemic activity, as evidenced by the increased α-glucosidase inhibition activity and glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. MOBP-II and MOFP-I were more powerful in reversing ultraviolet-B (UVB)-irradiated photoaging of HaCaT cells. The difference of polysaccharides compositions might explain for their bioactivity discrepancy.

Comparison of polysaccharides from ginkgo biloba leaves with extracellular polysaccharides from endophytic Lysinibacillus sphaericus Ya6

Comparison of polysaccharides from ginkgo biloba leaves with extracellular polysaccharides from endophytic Lysinibacillus sphaericus Ya6

Comparison of polysaccharides from 10 species of genera Paris, Trillium, Aspidistra, and Polygonatum

Comparison of polysaccharides from 10 species of genera Paris, Trillium, Aspidistra, and Polygonatum

Comparison of polysaccharides in ginseng root cultures and cultivated ginseng and establishment of high-content uronic acid plant synthesis system

Panax ginseng is a rare and traditional herbal medicine with many pharmacological activities. After ginseng was approved as a new resource food by the Ministry of Health, ginseng food was vigorously researched and developed. As an alternative resource for cultivated ginseng, ginseng tissue cultures has good development potential, but there are few studies on its component and pharmacological activity. In this study, we analyzed the compositional characteristics of polysaccharides in ginseng root cultures. Compared with cultivated ginseng, the relative molecular weight of ginseng polysaccharides in ginseng root cultures was smaller, and the proportion of acidic polysaccharides such as galacturonic acid was higher. Correspondingly, compared with cultivated ginseng, polysaccharide of ginseng root cultures has higher intestinal microbial diversity and abundance of Lactobacillus. On this basis, we constructed a genetic transformation system for ginseng root cultures through gene editing of galacturonic acid which significantly increased the content of uronic acid. This research laid the foundation for the development of ginseng polysaccharide medicines and health products.

Comparison of Polysaccharides as Coatings for Quercetin-Loaded Liposomes (QLL) and Their Effect as Antioxidants on Radical Scavenging Activity.

Liposomes are microstructures containing lipid and aqueous phases employed in the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents. Quercetin-loaded liposomes (QLLs) were coated with three different polysaccharides and then tested as radical scavengers. Lactose (LCQLL), chitosan (CCQLL), and inulin (ICQLL) were employed as coating materials. Particle size determined by light scattering, showed primary size of 200 nm for all samples, while a secondary particle size of 600 nm was observed for CCQLL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced particle aggregation with the addition of the polysaccharide coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the layered microstructure of liposomes composed of at least two layers, and primary particle size below 100 nm. QLL showed higher antioxidant activity than the coated liposomes. This behavior was attributed to the chemical interaction between quercetin and the corresponding coating polysaccharide in the layered structure, which traps the quercetin and keeps it unavailable for radical scavenging. From the three polysaccharides, lactose showed a better performance as coating material in the antioxidant activity, which suggested that the smaller size of the disaccharide molecule resulted in a faster releasing of the quercetin in the solution. Thus, LCQLL is an advantageous way to deliver quercetin for antioxidant purposes, where the low stability in delivered media of quercetin loaded liposomes is commonly compromised.

Comparison of polysaccharides in articular cartilage regeneration associated with chondrogenic and autophagy-related gene expression

Articular cartilage exhibits reduced self-healing following degeneration. This research evaluated the effects of hydrogels derived from various polysaccharides-gellan gum (GG), alginate, and agarose-on cartilage regeneration compared with that of hyaluronic acid (HA), which is commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering. Chondrocytes were isolated from the articular cartilage of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits and stimulated with IL-1β followed by incubation with polysaccharides. The expressions of NF-κB and Cox-2 were decreased and those of IκBα, Sox-9, aggrecan, and type II collagen were increased in HA, GG, and Alginate groups. Osteochondral defects in NZW rabbits were treated with intra-articular polysaccharide injections; all except alginate resulted in tissue regeneration. Significant improvements were observed in cartilage regeneration in the GG and agarose groups. These results show that GG and agarose improve cartilage regeneration by suppressing inflammatory mediators and inducing cartilage formation and autophagy-related gene expression, indicating their potential for cartilage tissue engineering.

Compositional Monosaccharide Analysis of Morus nigra Linn by HPLC and HPCE Quantitative Determination and Comparison of Polysaccharide from Morus nigra Linn by HPCE and HPLC.

Background: Morus nigra Linn is not only treated as health food but also medicine in Chinese history.Objective: Here, we have extracted and separated the heteroglycan to monosaccharides of the dry fruits.Method: After heteroglycan being hydrolysised, then were we derivatived the monosaccharides with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and then subsequently HPCE and HPLC were used to separate. HPCE, which held an uncoated capillary (d=75μm) and detected by PDA at 245 nm with borate buffer, the voltage was set at 15 kV and capillary temperature was 25°C. There is Yilite column (Hypersil BDS C18 5μm, 4.6mm×250mm) with HPLC and detected by UV at 245 nm and capillary temperature 25°C.The High Performance capillary electrophoresis method and High Performance Liquid Chromatog-raphy method were compared on monosaccharide composition and quantitative determination of polysac-charide from the black mulberry.Results: Through several indicators including standard curve, precision, reproducibility, stability and recovery rate, the result of the two methods is basically consistent while they have complementary ad-vantages.Conclusion: Both methods are suitable for the determination of the black mulberry polysaccharide, but each has its own merits.

Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC

Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus were successfully distinguished from those of L. barbarum based on their PACE fingerprints. These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides.

Comparison of polysaccharides from different Dendrobium using saccharide mapping

Multiple species of Dendrobium are widely used as Shihu, a well known Chinese herb, for medicinal purpose in China. Small molecules such as phenols, alkaloids and coumarins are obviously varied in different species of Dendrobium. But there are few reports on polysaccharides, one of major active components, from Dendrobium. In this study, polysaccharides from different species or locations of Dendrobium were compared using saccharide mapping. The results showed that polysaccharides of Dendrobium from different species or locations were obviously varied in spite of they had some similar characters, which is helpful to control the quality of Dendrobium.

Tannin Quantification in Red Grapes and Wine: Comparison of Polysaccharide- and Protein-Based Tannin Precipitation Techniques and Their Ability to Model Wine Astringency

Quantification of red grape tannin and red wine tannin using the methyl cellulose precipitable (MCP) tannin assay and the Adams-Harbertson (A-H) tannin assay were investigated. The study allowed for direct comparison between the repeatability of the assays and for the assessment of other practical considerations such as time efficiency, ease of practice, and throughput, and assessed the relationships between tannin quantification by both analytical techniques. A strong correlation between the two analytical techniques was observed when quantifying grape tannin (r(2) = 0.96), and a good correlation was observed for wine tannins (r(2) = 0.80). However, significant differences in the reported tannin values for the analytical techniques were observed (approximately 3-fold). To explore potential reasons for the difference, investigations were undertaken to determine how several variables influenced the final tannin quantification for both assays. These variables included differences in the amount of tannin precipitated (monitored by HPLC), assay matrix variables, and the monomers used to report the final values. The relationship between tannin quantification and wine astringency was assessed for the MCP and A-H tannin assays, and both showed strong correlations with perceived wine astringency (r(2) = 0.83 and r(2) = 0.90, respectively). The work described here gives guidance to those wanting to understand how the values between the two assays relate; however, a conclusive explanation for the differences in values between the MCP and A-H tannin assays remains unclear, and further work in this area is required.

Comparison of polysaccharide and poly(ethylene glycol) coatings for reduction of protein adsorption on polystyrene surfaces

Abstract There has been much recent interest in the use of poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) for a variety of biotechnical applications. In the present work we have immobilized several cellulose derivatives and dextran on polystyrene surfaces and have measured the extent of fibrinogen adsorption onto the coated surfaces. Immobilization was achieved by adsorption onto clean polystyrene and by covalent linkage of oxidized polysaccharides to polyethylenimine which was ionically bound to polystyrene. Covalently bound polysaccharides, and adsorbed polysaccharides that are strongly held, compare well with poly(ethylene glycol) in preventing fibrinogen adsorption. The same polymers were coupled to polystyrene latex particles to permit examination by analytical microparticle electrophoresis. This investigation suggests that adsorbed polysaccharides form thicker layers than do covalently bound polysaccharides. Despite the polysaccharides being bound at many points along the polymer chain while PEG is bound only at the polymer terminus, the functional equivalence of polysaccharide and PEG coatings is of significance in interpreting the protein-rejecting ability of polymer-modified surfaces.

Analysis of bacterial exopolysaccharides.

Extracellular polysaccharides have been isolated from cultures of freshwater and marine bacteria originally isolated from material adhering to surfaces and underivatized hydrolysates have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography methods. A scheme has been developed whereby the uronic acids can be identified on strong anion-exchange columns, while neutral monosaccharides can be separated and identified using aminobonded columns or cation-exchange adsorbent loaded with a heavy metal ion. The methods permit rapid and accurate comparison of polysaccharides with differing chemotype. The strains studied show a range of different chemotypes, all containing a uronic acid and several neutral monosaccharides. Some of the polysaccharides isolated from marine bacteria possessed a very high acetyl content.

Mycobacterial polysaccharides. II. Comparison of polysaccharides from strains of four species of mycobacteria.

Evidence from chemical and serological studies indicates that a cellular heteropolysaccharide, also found in lipid extracts and culture filtrate, is present as a group antigen in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and in other strains of mycobacteria representing M. kansasii, scotochromogenic and Battey strains. Polysaccharides from the four strains contain the same main sugars, arabinose, and galactose, as revealed by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric studies. In Ouchterlony gel diffusions, bands of identity are produced between the polysaccharides by using rabbit antiserum prepared against any of the four mycobacteria. Immune adsorption studies also confirm the presence of identical antigenic determinant groups. In skin tests with tuberculopolysaccharide I, a skin reaction of about equal size was elicited in guinea pigs sensitized with either M. tuberculosis H37Ra or heterologous mycobacterial antigens in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. In animals sensitized with M. tuberculosis H37Ra, skin tests with both homologous and heterologous polysaccharides elicited similar responses.