Income Comparisons Research Articles

Income Aspiration, Income Comparison and Life Satisfaction: The case of Turkish Migrants in the Netherlands

Income Aspiration, Income Comparison and Life Satisfaction: The case of Turkish Migrants in the Netherlands

Comparative analysis of production and income of rice farmers using and not using people’s business credit (KUR)

The agricultural commodity that is expected to move positively in terms of increasing production and income is rice. One of the methods used is the provision of capital to control production inputs. One of the methods used by the government is to provide loans, namely the people’s business credit program (KUR). The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of production and income of rice farmers using and not using KUR in Balirejo Village, Angkona District, East Luwu Regency. The analysis technique used is the farm income analysis method. The results of this study indicate that from the results of comparison of production, the average income of farmers who use KUR is lower than farmers who do not use KUR. Farmers who use KUR have an average income of IDR 17,634,912 while farmers who do not use KUR have an average income of IDR 17,886,204.

Comparison of rice farming income planting system moving rice transplanter with manual in Sidoraharjo Village

In Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, one of the machines used for planting is rice transplanter planting machine. The effective use of rice seed grower machines will ensure better rice productivity, namely increased production and income. The purpose of this study was to compare rice farming income between rice transplanter planting system with manual moving planting and to analyze whether planting technology moved Rice Transplanter more profitable than manual moving planting. The research was conducted in Sidoraharjo Village, Sukamaju District, North Luwu Regency. The analysis method used is the analysis of farm income and the analysis of Return Cost Ratio (R/C). The results of the analysis on the comparison of rice farming income, especially for farmers who use the rice transplanter system is greater when compared to the manual system. The R/C value of agriculture with Rice Transplanter system is 3.63 while the manual system is 2.82. Both agricultural systems are feasible to implement but farms with Rice Transplanter systems have higher feasibility value than manual systems.

Decision analysis of pepper (Piper nisrum L.) farmers in choosing organic farming system

All Organic farming considered as one of the solutions to the green revolution. Organic farming business is relatively profitable because the selling price of organic commodities is more expensive than non-organic. On contrary farmers’ interest were still lacking in organic farming. This study aims are to analyze the influences factors of pepper farmers in decision making on choosing organic farming systems, so as to analyze the ratio of income levels of organic pepper farmers compared to non-organic pepper growers. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression analysis and income comparison analysis was applied. The results showed that age, level of education and price were some factors that influenced the decision of pepper farmers on choose an organic farming system. Furthermore, organic pepper farmer incomes is higher than the income of non-organic pepper farmers by a difference at IDR 11,884,591.3.

The Effect of Tourism, Economic Growth and Environment in Developing Countries

The basic purpose of this study is to identify a link concerning tourism, pecuniary expansion, and environmental protection in developing countries. The current research looks at the overall state of emerging economies as well as income comparisons. The study employs the 3sls model. Tourism benefits from economic growth as well. Tourism is attracted by economic prosperity, and tourism will increase tourism. According to the findings, economic growth has a negative impact on the environment, and the environment has an adverse effect on economic growth. As income activity accelerates, so will environmental emissions, and environmental emissions have a detrimental impact on economic growth? Further findings imply that tourism has a favorable impact on the environment, with an increase in tourism causing a depreciation of the ecosystem. Environmental pollution has a favorable effect on tourism, as the majority of people travel to other countries for business and religious reasons. This can be found in all models. The exchange rate has a negative influence on the overall and high-income groups, but a favorable effect in the reduced groups. In all models, the other variable, political instability, has a negative effect on tourism, while trade has a favorable effect. GDP is boosted by the literacy rate and gross capital formation Population increase, urbanization, and energy use all have a favorable impact on environmental emissions, according to the study. According to the findings, host nations should not only encourage tourism, but also guarantee that the environment is not harmed, therefore ecofriendly must be pushed to maintain a seamless and sustainable development process.

The Income Comparison of Broiler Farming that Used Closed House System and Open House System

One of the important elements in a broiler farming business was the cage. The types of broiler chicken cages based on the type of the wall can be divided into closed house cages and open house cages. This research was conducted on farmers who partnered with UD Bagus Ternak with the aim of knowing the comparison of costs, FCR, production, and income of broiler farming that used a closed house system and an open house system. The selection of location was done intentionally and the respondents were selected by census, which was five farmers that used the closed house system and 22 farmers use the open house system. The results showed that the costs and income of broiler farming that used a closed house system were Rp. 224,615,108/500m2 and Rp. 17,301,892/500m2, while the costs and income of broiler farming that used an open house system were Rp. 126,478,036/500m2 and Rp.5,146,964/500m2. The results of the Mann-Whitney test on the average cost and income of the two broiler farm cage systems, statistically were significantly different. The FCR of broiler farming that used the closed house system (1.62) was less than the open house system (1.73) and statistically, significantly different. The results of broiler farm production that used the closed house system (1.86kg/head) were greater than the open house system (1.82kg/head) and statistically there was no difference.

THE INCOME SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE AFTER POLAND ENTERED THE EUROPEAN UNION

The main purpose of the article was to assess Poland’s income situation in agriculture after the country acceded to the European Union. The analysis included, among others, changes in agricultural income per full-time employee and a comparison of household income of farmers and other professional groups. The sources of the materials were data from the Eurostat and CSO databases. The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The real income of the agricultural population in the analyzed period showed an upward trend but was still lower not only than the national average, but also the income of households of employees. Financial resources transferred from direct payments and structural funds under the Common Agricultural Policy had a significant impact on the improvement of the income situation of farmers.

Eco-friendly utilization to increase income and efficiency of Banggai yam farming in the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Banggai yam (Dioscorea spp) is a type of tuber plant which is endemic (local specific) as native food consumed by local communities in the Banggai Islands. Previously, Banggai yam cultivation was carried out traditionally and for household consumption needs. Currently, apart from being a source of food for family farmers, they have cultivated Banggai yam for economic purposes to increase income and meet market demand. The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the comparison of income between farmers who apply the concept of eco-friendly farming with conventional farming for economic purposes only; 2). To determine the difference between eco-friendly utilization of resources and the conventional utilization of resources for economic purposes only. Data collection was carried out by survey method using a questionnaire to 15 farmers with eco-friendly farming concepts and 15 conventional farming concepts. The analysis model used is qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is used to explain the different forms of eco-friendly utilization of resources with the conventional utilization of resources for economic purposes only. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis uses comparative analysis (t-Test) to compare the income of farmers who apply the concept of eco-friendly farming with conventional farming. The results show that there are significant differences in income which are influenced by the number of costs and production that affect the efficiency of farming. Besides, the concept of eco-friendly utilization of resources also leads to productivity reorientation to increase the optimal and sustainable income of farming.

Analisis Perbandingan Pendapatan Usaha Penggilingan Padi Menetap dan Keliling di Desa Pematang Johar. Kecamatan Labuhan Deli

This study aims to determine: analyze business income settled rice mill and roving rice mill, analyze business income comparison settled rice mill and roving rice mill. Sampling method for rice milling business census method. Based on this study set as many 13 rice milling business is the respondent. Data analysis method used is Uji Mann-Whitney with software tools SPSS 21. The results of the study showed the average income rice milling business settled for Rp 5.649.821 per 26 day as for the average income roving rice mill Rp 6.355.760 per 26 day, and for income differences uji Mann-Whitney U is 0,398. Where with results uji Mann-Whitney 0,398 there is no difference in income in permanent rice milling business and roving rice milling.

Social Capital in Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Literature Review

Poverty reduction is a global issue and it is often associated with economic-based solutions. While most of the times, poverty solution is discussed through economic variables, more recent studies nowadays have started to suggest social capital as the alternative solution to poverty reduction. The present article sets out to analyse the existing literature on social capital and how it can affect poverty level of a household. PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as a review method, a systematic review was done on 10 databases where it had identified 472 relevant studies. Through the review, social capital was commonly measured by several themes known as social participation, social cohesion, social network, trust and reciprocity, meanwhile poverty was measured by such livelihood status, poverty line, household income, household welfare and other poverty levels that rely on income and consumption comparison. The findings in this review support the general conclusion that social capital is statistically significant in reducing the poverty of households. More qualitative studies are recommended to be conducted due to several recommendations which are to have specific and a standard systematic review method for guide research synthesis in context social capital with poverty reduction. Other than that complementary searching techniques such as citation tracking, reference searching, snowballing and contacting experts are needed.

PENGARUH PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK TERHADAP PAD PADA KANTOR RETRIBUSI DAERAH BANDAR LAMPUNG

The purpose of this research is to discover the impact of our hotel tax and restaurant tax and original regional income from 2012 to 2018. The research was conducted in the local BPPRD in Lampung City, Bandar. The type of research is a case study, using interaction and documentation as data collection techniques. The data analysis komparatif technique is to use the t-test analysis tool to perform multiple merge analysis at the 5% significance level. The results of regression analysis show that from 2012 to 2018, the original and contemporaneous effects of hotel tax, restaurant tax and Bandar Lampung’s original regional income were significant. Variable independent hotel tax, restaurant tax and original regional income comparison, this technique uses purposeful sampling with necessary conditions. The population in this study is all selected as the sample company 84. It can then be concluded that the collection of hotel tax and hotel tax is compared with the original regional tax efektivitas.

Comparation of Broiler Chicken Farm Income Between Contracts System and Semi-Contracts System

The purpose of this study is to determine the income of broiler chicken breeders in contract and semi-contract systems in Kampar Regency and analyze the comparison of broiler chicken breeder income between broiler systems and semi-contract systems in Kampar Regency. Broiler chicken business with a pattern of partnership has spread in entire of Indonesia, one of them is in Riau Province. The largest population of broiler chickens in Riau Province is in Kampar Regency. Commonly, there are two the broiler chicken farms partnership patterns in Kampar District,namely the contract system and and semi- contract system between the broiler farmer and poultry companies or poultry shop. The contract system is a binding agreements between the parties relating to the both of the input production’s price and the arvesting’s price, while the semi-contract are not bound in term of both of the input production’s price and the arvesting’s price. The objective of the study is analyzed comparison of broiler chicken farm income between contracts system and semi-contract system. The study conducted in Kampar Districtby using survey method for 40 broiler chicken farmer. The results of study shows that the average net income of the broiler farmer on the contract system is lower than the semi contrct system, which is IDR 13.910.273,61for compared to IDR 21.387.673,94. The semi contract broiler chicken farm business is more efficient (RCR=1.12) compared to the contract system (RCR=1.08).

COMPARING SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MOTHER AND CHILDREN WITH LEPROSY IN ENDEMIC AND NON-ENDEMIC AREAS IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA.

Background:Leprosy is a disease that causes social, psychological, and economic issues. Failure to treat the causes of the immune system dysregulation in endemic areas of leprosy conditions makes the transmission of the bacteria easier. This paper aims to analyze the comparison of family income, occupation types of mothers and fathers, number of children, access to health facilities, and education of mothers, fathers, and children in mothers and children with leprosy in endemic and non-endemic areas.Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study by survey was done in both an endemic and a non-endemic area of leprosy in Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Retrieval of research data was done using interview techniques. Respondents who participated in this study were 106 pairs of mother and child respondents who met the research restriction criteria. Subjects were divided into 5groups based on diagnosis of leprosy and area of living. Bivariate analysis was performed by comparing the independent variables in each group A, B, C, and D with group E.Results:It was found that the variables that differed significantly between the endemic and non-endemic areas were the variable number of children with a p-value=0.004, family income with a p-value=0.049 and the variable mother’s education with a p-value=0.016. Meanwhile, other variables do not have significant difference.Conclusions:We found significant difference on the number of children, father’s education, mother’s education, and family income. These variables can be a risk factor for leprosy. To make efforts to prevent the transmission of leprosy, stakeholders should consider these factors.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЗАТРАТ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ В СРАВНЕНИЕ ДОХОДОВ И РАСХОДОВ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ ПО ВИДАМ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ

Currently, the number of private dental clinics is growing. However, there is also mandatory medical insurance for free dental care. The purpose of this study is to study the costs of health insurance in comparison of income and expenses of dental practice by type of treatment. The study examined all medical expenses for dental care, purchase of dental materials, depending on the type of dental treatment. The economic significance of expenses and revenues for dental materials was calculated depending on the type of treatment, as well as the optimal amount of remuneration for employees. In our study, regular dental examinations are covered by insurance, since patients who visit dental clinics for regular dental examinations carry out preventive measures at the expense of mandatory medical insurance. In the course of the study, we calculated the economic significance of preventive measures and the cost-effectiveness of dental care. Thus, early diagnostics of dental pathology and high-quality provision of dental services at the early stages under the mandatory medical insurance policy are effective for improving the entire management balance of dental clinics.

PENDAPATAN DAN RISIKO USAHATANI CABAI DI KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

This research aims to find out the comparison of income and the risk of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) farming and cayenne pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L.) farming. The study was conducted in three villages at Sumberejo Sub-district of Tanggamus Regency. This research used a survey method and respondents in this research were 30 chili pepper farmers and 30 cayenne pepper farmers. The data analysis used is farm income analysis and risk analysis uses coefficient of variation. To find out the comparison of income and risk of farming was independent sample t-test. The results showed that the income of chili pepper farming was higher than that of cayenne pepper farming with the income of IDR119,047,409.08 per hectare and IDR49,579,450.49 per hectare. There is no significant difference between production risk and income from chili pepper and cayenne pepper farming. The price risk of chili pepper farming is higher than that of cayenne pepper.Key words: Chili farming, income, risk

Comparison of shallot and tobacco farm income in Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub District, Bantul District, Yogyakarta

Indonesia as an agricultural country has two seasons, there are the dry season and the rainy season. In the dry season they cultivate a lot ofpalawijacrops. Somepalawijaplants actually have a higher economic value, such as tobacco and shallots. The costs of these two commodities are different, will result in different income. This research objectives is to know the cost, income, and feasibility of tobacco and shallot farming. If shallot farming can be an alternative to replace tobacco, this will encourage a reduction in the cigarette industry in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Selopamioro Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, using purposive sampling technique and 46 farmers as respondents. The income and feasibility analysis uses the measure NR = TR - TC and R/C. The results showed that shallot farming, with an average land area of 466 m², provided a higher income, there is IDR 24,266,482 (2 times planting) compared to tobacco farming of IDR 7,287,396. R/C of shallot farming is 7.99 and tobacco is 12.23. It can be concluded that shallot farming can be used as an alternative to tobacco farming because it is more profitable.

Socio-Economic Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Households Worldwide

The advent of the Coronavirus has sparked decision-making by state authorities globally to reduce its spread. This ranges from simple measures to respect barrier gestures to the lockdown imposed around the world. These measures could have an impact on the socio-economic conditions of households. The objective of this study is to analyze the socio-economic impact of the advent of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the household as well as the social determinants of the perception of the impact. This research focused on 940 households in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. Depending on the continent, this research was based the comparisons of incomes and analyzed the effect of the Coronavirus on the household economy. At the same time, a logistic regression model based on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents was utilized to assess the parameters that are likely to influence the populations' perception of the impact of the Coronavirus on their monthly income. Analysis of the information obtained shows that the pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has a generally negative impact on the economic and social levels; these consequences can also be considered in the long term. However, some positive aspects of the crisis have been raised. Parameters such as age, sex, household size, and characteristics of the field of professional intervention of the respondents were identified as factors likely to influence their perception of the impact of Coronavirus on monthly income. With this current crisis situation, it is important to ensure the effective implementation of the measures taken as part of the control of this pandemic and then reinforce them in order to protect populations in a sustainable way from the harmful socio-economic effects of the Coronavirus.

Analysis of Full Time Driver Grab Income Comparison and City Minimum Wage (Case Study in Medan City)

This study aims to determine the income of fulltime Grab drivers above or below the UMK applicable in Medan City. Based on the attachment to the Decree of the North Sumatra Governor in Decree Number 188.44 / 674 / KPTS / 2019 to determine the Provincial Minimum Wage and become a reference for determining the City Minimum Wage, the 2020 Medan City Minimum Wage is determined based on the Provincial Minimum Wage reference of IDR 3,222,556.This type of research is a case study conducted in the city of Medan. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data in the form of regulations on the official Grab website. The questionnaire was given to 60 Grab drivers who were at the grab station. The data analysis method used is descriptive comparative method. The results showed that the net income received by fulltime Grab drivers was above the UMK prevailing in Medan City.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA MITRA DAN NON MITRA DI KECAMATAN TUMIJAJAR KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG BARAT

The objectives of this study are to know the implementation of watermelon farming on partnership and to compare the income of partner and non-partner watermelon farming in West Tulang Bawang Regency. The location of this study is chosen purposively in Tumijajar Subdistrict Tulang Bawang Barat Regency. The number of respondents is 65 farmers selected using census method. The data of this research were collected in January-April 2019. The partnership program is analyzed using descriptive qualitative and comparison of income of watermelon farmers on partnership and non-partnership is analyzed using income analysis. The results showed that the implementation of partnerships that are applied in watermelon farming in CV Salim Abadi is able to achieve production targets, plant care, group dynamics, discipline and discuss thesustainability of partnership programs. The average income obtained by partner watermelon farmers in Tumijajar Subdistrict is greater than non-partner watermelon farmers.Key words: income, partner, watermelon

La necesidad de los servicios sociales a través de un acercamiento a la renta mínima y otros servicios en especie

This article presents, from a social perspective, an approach to the experience of the auto- nomous minimum income programs in Spain, delving more specifically into the situation of the Minimum Insertion Income in Andalusia. The study has been designed with the aim of making a comparison of the different incomes described throughout the Spanish geography, delving into the figures and results of its imple mentation in the Andalusian autonomous community. To achieve this objective, a review of secondary sources has been carried out, mainly the regulations regarding minimum incomes, paying special attention to the transversal social perspective present in each of them. The need to continue this line of research with projection to the realization of a longitudinal study that allows to consolidate the knowledge about this benefit and its results is concluded.