Comparison Of Images Research Articles

372 Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in predicting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) outcomes

372 Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in predicting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) outcomes

Assessing validity of thoracic spine rotation range of motion measurement methods: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical measurements.

[Purpose] This work was designed to establish criteria for assessing common clinical measurement methods for thoracic spinal rotation angles by comparing their results with magnetic resonance imaging measurements. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-six healthy participants underwent thoracic rotation angle assessments using an electronic goniometer in three positions: lumbar-locked, seated, and half-kneeling. We compared these results with measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. [Results] A moderate but significant positive correlation was observed between the thoracic rotation angle measured by magnetic resonance imaging and the lumbar-locked rotation test. The respective 95% confidence intervals of these correlation coefficients were 0.09 and 0.72. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a fixed error in the lumbar-locked rotation test, suggesting that the test tended to overestimate thoracic rotation compared with magnetic resonance imaging, but proportional errors could not be definitively identified. [Conclusions] Thoracic spine rotation angles measured using magnetic resonance imaging aligned closely with previously reported results. Notably, although measurements obtained by the lumbar-locked rotation test correlated with magnetic resonance imaging results, they exhibited fixation errors. Functional tests (seated and half-kneeling) showed limited correlations with magnetic resonance imaging results. The influence of adjacent joints on clinical measurements should be considered.

Spray and combustion characterization under an ultra-high-density condition – Multi-fuel comparison

This study reveals for the first time the ignition and combustion characteristics of different fuel properties under ultra-high-density ambient condition. A new pre-burn type optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber was established, allowing for operation at pressures exceeding 300 bar. This chamber was utilized to generate a spray combustion environment at 150 bar and 1000 K, corresponding to a bulk-density of 50.82 kg/m3. Diesel was used as the reference fuel, and three types of primary reference fuel (PRF), i.e., PRF0 (n-heptane), PRF50, and PRF100 (isooctane), were used as the main test fuels. OH* chemiluminescence was utilized to measure the stable flame lift-off length, while the broadband chemiluminescence technique was used to measure the ignition delay time and to capture time-resolved flame development. The results show that the ignition delay of PFR100 is significantly larger than that of other fuels due to its lowest cetane number. Flame visualization results indicate that diesel spray combustion aligns well with the conceptual model proposed by Dec [SAE transactions, 1997: 1319–1348], whereas noticeable wrinkles are observed in the flames of PRF50. The flame lift-off length during the quasi-steady period shows to be independent of fuel properties, but the value has notably reduced to less than 9 mm. Comparison of the multi-fuel luminosity images reveals that diesel experiences the most pronounced combustion recession. Spatially integrated natural luminosity analysis indicates that diesel has the longest combustion duration, chiefly due to a larger rate of injection, whereas the difference in combustion duration between different PRFs is negligible. The heat release rate error range for PRF0 is the largest, suggesting stronger combustion variations. The heat release rate of diesel combustion is the most robust. The peak value of AHRR of PRF50 and PRF100 is marginally higher than that of diesel, which can be attributed to their higher low heating value.

Comparison of female images in Eastern and European literature in aspects of upbringing and education

Comparison of female images in Eastern and European literature in aspects of upbringing and education

Религиозные идеи и средневековое судопроизводство. Несколько замечаний об иконографическом повороте в истории права

The article explores legal medieval iconography in its inextricable connection with the religious ideas of the time and ecclesiastical settings reflected in the canon law, theology, and hagiography. The first steps in this direction were taken only in the beginning of the 21st century, even though the iconic turn in historical research has been discussed for decades. Nevertheless, recent publications on legal medieval iconography still come from the pen of art historians, philologists, or literary critics, but not legal historians. As a result, the analysis of the content of these images is often replaced by mere descriptions. The author offers quite a different approach. Instead of studying miniatures and marginalia only as illustrations to the text to which they are formally attached, she attempts to relate the content of these images with medieval religious ideas. Such a turn of study necessitates references to ecclesiastical texts, and in each individual case, as the author accentuates, it requires a distinctly specific source. Thus, the analysis of the miniature from the “Coutumes de Toulouse” (end of the 13th c.) requires the reference to the Decretum of Gratian and the Liber sextus of Boniface VIII, according to which the artist interpreted the degradation of clerics. The marginalia from the “Coutumes de Bordeaux” (1438), which illustrates the death sentence imposed on thieves, recalls the doctrine of atonement developed by Anselm of Canterbury. The image of the Virgin Mary in the scene of fox Renard’s hanging from the Smithfield decretals (second half of the 14th c.) refers to the ideas of the parasudic procedure liberatus a suspendio, repeatedly described in Marian hagiography. The treatise of French theologian Jean Gerson “Requête pour les condamnés à mort” (end of the 14th c.) should be considered as a starting point for changing the iconography of the death penalty in the next century. In general, as the author concludes, the comparison of medieval legal images with the works of canonists, theologians and hagiographic writings allows not only to understand the deeper meaning inherent in miniatures, but also to clarify the dating of manuscripts, the principles of the artists’ work and their relations with clients.

Estimation of buried pipe depth in an artificial soil tank using ground-penetrating radar and moisture sensor

A method is required for accurate determination of the location (horizontal position and depth) of subsurface utilities with minimal digging. Ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) have been used at many sites as a nondestructive method for detecting underground structures. Previous studies have examined the accuracy and resolution of GPRs based on comparisons of exploration images and factors such as soil, pipe material, and environmental conditions. Although numerous studies have explored the influence of relative permittivity and water content on GPR surveys, only a limited number have conducted direct measurements of water content using a moisture sensor within a soil tank and applied this data to enhance the precision of depth estimation. In this study, the effects of pipe material, relative permittivity, and antenna frequency on the depth estimation accuracy were quantitatively investigated using an artificial soil tank made of silica sand with known physical properties. In addition to the GPR survey, relative permittivity measurements were conducted using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors located at different water levels. The results show that the antenna frequency and pipe material affect the resolution but not the depth estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the GPR survey using the relative permittivity from the TDR sensors estimated the pipe depths with a relative error of <7.33% relative to the actual burial depth under the following conditions: a volumetric water content of 2.6–38.2%, the relative permittivity of 2.9–23.2, and buried pipes of 0.1 m in diameter and 1.5 m in depth. The study findings show that the selection of an appropriate frequency and the estimation of soil permittivity using a moisture sensor can improve the depth estimation accuracy of buried pipes by GPR survey.

Аналіз комп’ютерних томограм після лікування дисфункції скронево- нижньощелепного суглоба

The aim. To define the dimensions of upper joint space during TMJ disc displacement, associated with limited mouth opening by analyzing computer tomography images. Materials and methods. 79 patients were clinically examined by means of an anamnesis collection, isometric tests, palpation of TMJ and masticatory muscles, detection of occlusal supra contacts in habitual and dynamic occlusion. For all the examined patients with permanently limited mouth opening up to 35 mm between incisors a TMJ computer tomography (CT) in habitual occlusion was performed before and after gnathological treatment. Computer tomogram images are represented by sagittal plane where dimensions of upper joint space were measured. The distance between the upper and lower central incisors was measured in millimetres at the largest mouth opening position during clinical examination. Results. For 48 (60, 7%) examined patients chewing food wearing a gnathological splint was considered as an optional recommendation and was aimed at maintaining the therapeutic effect achieved during the first three months of treatment, and for 31 (39,2%) patients consuming food in a gnathological splint was a necessity for achieving physiological measurements of mouth opening, within 43-53 mm between the incisors. Conclusions. During the comparison of TMJ computer tomogram images in the closed jaws position on both sides before and after treatment of TMJ disc displacement, which is accompanied by limited mouth opening, it was found out that the maximum admissible asymmetry in articular condyle position after gnathological treatment, measured along the upper joint space was 2,8 ± 0,31 mm and was found in 11,3% of examined patients. Key words: TMJ (Temporomandibular joint), limited mouth opening, computer tomography (CT).

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopy Findings in the Diagnosis of Meniscus and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopy Findings in the Diagnosis of Meniscus and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Doubling matter (notes on architectural motifs in the lyrics of F. I. Tyutchev)

The paper focuses on the range of lyrical works by F. I. Tyutchev, which involve architectural images and motifs. Tyutchev’s interest in these motifs and images — from the “ruins of Ilion” to the “Tsarskoe Selo palaces” and Moscow churches — has been observed for more than half a century. Tyutchev’s poems discussed in the paper are studied taking into account their connections with the “architectural” poetry of their predecessors. First of all, the connections with G. R. Derzhavin and P. A. Vyazemsky are traced. Among the heirs of this tradition, the author singles out O. E. Mandelstam. A special place in the work is given to the comparison of architectural images and motifs in Tyutchev’s lyrics with those of A. S. Pushkin, possible Pushkin sources of a number of Tyutchev’s works are found. The author’s special attention is devoted to a group of poems (“Dream at Sea”, “Morning in the Mountains”, “Unexpectedly and Brightly...”), in which the presence of architectural images is involved in solving completely different lyrical and philosophical issues that are not related to direct poet’s impressions from works of architectural art. The specific Tyutchev’s distrust towards the plastic arts (architecture, sculpture), in contrast to the poet’s always benevolent attention to music, is associated with the most profound, fundamental features of Tyutchev’s personality and worldview. The author argues that the distrust of the plastic arts is caused by the poet’s more general skeptical attitude towards the objects of the man-made world (in this respect, Tyutchev is close to N. V. Gogol).

Feasibility study of spent fuel internal tomography (SFIT) for partial defect detection within PWR spent nuclear fuel

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) mandates safeguards to ensure non-proliferation of nuclear materials. Among inspection techniques used to detect partial defects within spent nuclear fuel (SNF), gamma emission tomography (GET) has been reported to be reliable for detection of partial defects on a pin-by-pin level. Conventional GET, however, is limited by low detection efficiency due to the high density of nuclear fuel rods and self-absorption. This paper proposes a new type of GET named Spent Fuel Internal Tomography (SFIT), which can acquire sinograms at the guide tube. The proposed device consists of the housing, shielding, C-shaped collimator, reflector, and gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG) scintillator. For accurate attenuation correction, the source-distinguishable range of the SFIT device was determined using MC simulation to the region away from the proposed device to the second layer. For enhanced inspection accuracy, a proposed specific source-discrimination algorithm was applied. With this, the SFIT device successfully distinguished all source locations. The comparison of images of the existing and proposed inspection methods showed that the proposed method, having successfully distinguished all sources, afforded a 150 % inspection accuracy improvement.

The effect of facial ageing on forensic facial image comparison

AbstractFacial appearance changes over time as people age. This poses a challenge for individuals working in forensic settings whose role requires them to match the identity of face images. The present research aimed to determine how well an international sample of forensic facial examiners could match faces with a substantial age gap. We tested a sample of 60 facial examiners, 23 professional teams, and 81 untrained control participants. Participants matched pairs of photographs with a 10–30‐year age gap between the images. Participants also estimated the ages of the faces. On the matching task, individual professionals, and teams outperformed controls and made fewer high confidence errors. On the age estimation task, there was no advantage for professionals relative to controls. Our results suggest that forensic facial examiners can tolerate substantial age differences between adult faces when performing comparisons, but this advantage does not extend to accurate age estimation.

Framework for Deep Learning Based Multi-Modality Image Registration of Snapshot and Pathology Images.

Multi-modality image registration is an important task in medical imaging because it allows for information from different domains to be correlated. Histopathology plays a crucial role in oncologic surgery as it is the gold standard for investigating tissue composition from surgically excised specimens. Research studies are increasingly focused on registering medical imaging modalities such as white light cameras, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound to pathology images. The main challenge in registration tasks involving pathology images comes from addressing the considerable amount of deformation present. This work provides a framework for deep learning-based multi-modality registration of microscopic pathology images to another imaging modality. The proposed framework is validated on the registration of prostate ex-vivo white light camera snapshot images to pathology hematoxylin-eosin images of the same specimen. A pipeline is presented detailing data acquisition, protocol considerations, image dissimilarity, training experiments, and validation. A comprehensive analysis is done on the impact of pre-processing, data augmentation, loss functions, and regularization. This analysis is supplemented by clinically motivated evaluation metrics to avoid the pitfalls of only using ubiquitous image comparison metrics. Consequently, a robust training configuration capable of performing the desired registration task is found. Utilizing the proposed approach, we achieved a dice similarity coefficient of 0.96, a mutual information score of 0.54, a target registration error of 2.4 mm, and a regional dice similarity coefficient of 0.70.

Targeted fluorescence imaging using bevacizumab‐800CW within neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) patients to evaluate the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A) (preliminary results)

Aims/Purpose: With this phase 1 study, we aim to gain insight into the feasibility of using bevacizumab‐800CW to visualize the upregulation of VEGF‐A in AMD patients for treatment optimization.Methods: First, six wet AMD patients who are currently undergoing treatment with anti‐VEGF agents were included to evaluate the optimal tracer dose and received either 4.5 or 15 mg bevacizumab‐800CW. For the ongoing analysis of targeted tracer accumulation, three additional on‐therapy and three naïve patients will be included with the optimal dose of 15 mg. Fluorescence images (Heidelberg Spectralis) were taken before, up to 60 min and 3–4 days after intravenous injection of bevacizumab‐800CW. The target‐to‐background ratios (TBR) were calculated and compared between dose groups to evaluate the optimal dose. To investigate targeted tracer uptake, images of different time points are normalized and aligned, and a fluorescence intensity line is plotted over the active lesion to locate interesting areas for further quantification.Results: The preliminary results showed a clear inflow of the tracer into the eye vasculature after administration of 15 mg bevacizumab‐800CW. The fluorescence remains visible up to 1 h after tracer administration. Visual image comparison and TBR calculation in the first six patients showed that 15 mg bevacizumab‐800CW was the optimal tracer dose. In patients who received 15 mg bevacizumab‐800CW, accumulation of fluorescence signal in a smaller area within the active lesion was seen after 3–4 days.Conclusions: For the first time, we show that bevacizumab‐800CW (4.5 mg/15 mg) can be imaged in AMD patients using a commercially available system. An increase in signal intensity 3–4 days after bevacizumab‐800CW injection predicts tracer accumulation in the diseased area indicating ongoing active disease. VEGF‐A imaging can act as a proof of concept and pave the way for a broad application to track the performance of drugs by fluorescence molecular imaging.

Defects Detection in PCB Images by Scanning Procedure, Flood-filling and Mathematical Comparison

The basis of the approach is a scanning procedure with the movement of windows on the printed circuit board to detect defects of various types. Mathematical image comparison, pixel distribution histograms, padding algorithms, statistical calculations, and histogram deviation measurements are applied to the small parts of the PCB image in a small window area. The paper considers K-mean clustering of pixel intensities to simplify the printed circuit board image, separation of elements on the printed circuit board image by filling with colors, determination of defect intensity, and subtraction formulas.

Perbandingan CT-Scan thoraks pasien dengan infeksi COVID-19 varian Delta dan Omicron: sebuah systematic review

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a number of waves of infections that have resulted in a number of variants of concern (VoC), with the majority of the identified variants being the Delta and Omicron variants. A chest CT scan plays an important role in the diagnosis, complications, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aims to compare chest CT scan images between COVID-19 patients infected with the Delta and Omicron variants. Methods: Study searches were conducted on three databases of electronic scientific journal publications, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. The study selection method used the PRISMA diagram with inclusion criteria are original study that examined a comparison of CT-scan images of the chest between COVID-19 patients with the Delta and Omicron variants. While the exclusion criteria set were studies in the form of commentaries, literature reviews, and meta-analyses, studies that were not available in Indonesian or English, and not available in full-text. Results: The ten studies included in this systematic review consisted of 10 retrospective cohort studies that compared CT-scan images of the chests of COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variants. Radiological features evaluated from the ten studies included ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, crazy paving pattern, vascular dilation, air bronchogram, bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, presence of reticulation, subpleural lines, fibrosis, halo sign, reverse halo sign (Atoll sign), air bubble sign, and presence of pleural effusion. The majority of these radiological features were found to be higher in the Delta variant compared to the Omicron. Whereas for the classification of chest CT scan images based on RSNA, typical images were also found more in the Delta variant. The CT severity score, CO-RADS score, and COV-RADS score were also found to be higher in the Delta variant compared to Omicron. Conclusion: In COVID-19 infection, the Delta variant showed a chest CT-scan showing typical COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas in the Omicron variant, more atypical features were found.

A novel testing method for examining mode II fracture of rock and its application

Mode II fracture often occurs in rock, which often result in violent ruptures of rock and catastrophic failure of rock engineering. However, attempts to replicate mode II crack extension on a laboratory scale generally fail due to the existence of tensile stress at the notch tip. In this study, a novel testing method named the Z-shaped centre cracked direct shear (ZCCDS) test was developed to examine the mode II fracture of rock, and a series of tests were performed on sandstone with various dislocation ratios (α1) and crack ratios (α2). The equation for calculating the mode II fracture toughness (KIIC) of rock was determined using the finite element method. The validity and reliability of this test method were verified by digital image correlation analysis and comparison with KIIC values determined by the other methods. The testing results showed that the peak shear load changes slightly with increasing α1 and decreases with increasing α2. The mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) decreases while mode II SIF increases with increasing α1 or α2. When α1 = 0.25 and α2 = 0.3, relative sliding deformation at the notch tip was captured via displacement vector analysis, corresponding to a true KIIC of 4.16 MPa∙m0.5. In addition, the effect of α1 and α2 on the failure characteristics of ZCCDS sandstone specimens is slight, and the pure mode II crack of the sandstone satisfies “self-similar extension”. The fracture surface becomes smoother with increasing contribution of the mode II component due to the wide distribution of transgranular fractures. The findings of this study can facilitate better understanding of mode II fracture behaviour of rock.

The Role of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology in Identification: Review

Forensic odontology is the unit of dentistry that deals with legal issues. Comparative identification today is based on the comparison of antemortem and post-mortem images of the deceased. The uniqueness of the structures in the oral and paraoral region and their resistance to environmental effects allow comparative identification. Comparative identification is done in 3 stages. These stages are antemortem data collection, postmortem data collection and comparison of these data. Among these data, the most valuable ones are the radiographic records closest to the time of death. For identification, digital radiographs are generally preferred to analog radiographs due to their ease of use and archiving. Although most of the radiography techniques are important in identification, the most commonly used radiography techniques are periapical, bitewing, cephalometric, wrist radiographs, occlusal, panoramic, waters and three-dimensional imaging methods.

11C] Methionine-PET Imaging as a Cancer Biomarker for Methionine Addiction and Sensitivity to Methionine-restriction-based Combination Chemotherapy.

Methionine addiction is a fundamental and universal hallmark of cancer, termed the Hoffman effect. Methionine addiction of cancer is greater than glucose addiction, termed the Warburg effect, as shown by the comparison of PET imaging with [11C]methionine and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. The aim of the present study was to determine whether [11C]methionine PET (MET-PET) images could be a biomarker of methionine addiction of cancer and potential response to methionine-restriction-based combination chemotherapy. In the present study a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast metastatic to axillary lymph nodes was imaged by both MET-PET and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) before and after combination treatment with methionine restriction, comprising a low-methionine diet and methioninase, along with first-line chemotherapy. MET-PET gave a much stronger and precise image of the patient's metastatic axillary lymph nodes than FDG-PET. The patient had a complete response to methionine restriction-based chemotherapy as shown by MET-PET. MET-PET imaging is a biomarker of methionine-addicted cancer and potential response to methionine-restriction-based chemotherapy.

Unveiling the secrets of unusual long-pitch periodic assembly of poly(ʟ-Lactide) ring-banded spherulites

Although polymer physicists have conducted extensive research over the decades, the molecular assembly in lamellae of ring-banded spherulites (RBS) remains a puzzle that has yet to be solved. Nonetheless, a breakthrough has occurred in this field where long-pitch banded rings made of a model poly(ʟ-lactide) (PLLA) were examined using advanced synchrotron X-ray micro-focused diffraction techniques. Through the microbeam diffraction mapping and microscopy 3D dissection morphology, the periodic banded structure of RBS is composed of lamellae that self-assemble as structural gratings. Furthermore, a comparison of optical micrograph image with the mapping results revealed the sequential arrangement and orientation of lamellae in these gratings. These extensive experimental findings now provide a comprehensive and novel explanation for the formation of long-pitch lamellar assembly in RBS. This new methodology is adaptable to a wide variety of polymers and allows for the analysis of spherulites displaying periodically self-assembled patterns. The novel methodology employed here has a versatile applicability for a diverse range of polymers. This technique can be extended to analyze spherulites showcasing periodically self-assembled patterns. Such revelation provides valuable understanding into the complex structures and behaviors of polymers, and this discovery opens up new frontiers in materials science research and its practical applications.

COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING

This research addresses the pervasive issue of counterfeit currency through a comprehensive approach integrating advanced image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. The methodology encompasses crucial stages, including image comparison, segmentation, edge detection, feature extraction, and grayscale conversion, coupled with the implementation of machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN),and theefficient MobileNetV2. In tackling the challenge of counterfeit currency, image processing techniques play a pivotal role by enabling the extraction and analysis of distinct features. From isolating patterns through segmentation to refining with edge detection and feature extraction, these techniques enhance the identification of intricate characteristics inherent in legitimate banknotes. Grayscale conversion further standardizes the representation for effective processing. Keywords: KNN, MobileNetV2, Image Processing, Machine learning algorithms, Feature extraction.