Histopathological Comparison Research Articles

Long-term results with Matrix coils vs. GDC: an angiographic and histopathological comparison

The aim of the study was to compare standard platinum Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) with coated platinum coils (Matrix; both Boston Scientific, Fremont, CA) regarding handling, complications, occlusion and recanalization rate after 3 and 6A months. Aneurysms in the right common carotid artery were created in 25 rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups of five animals each. The animals of group 1 (the control group) received no treatment of the induced aneurysms, the animals of groups 2 and 3 (killed at 3 and 6A months) were treated with standard GDC, and the animals of groups 4 and 5 (killed at 3 and 6A months) were treated with Matrix coils. Histopathological evaluation showed organized thrombus formation and connective tissue with neovascularization around the implanted coils in all the treated groups. The achieved occlusion rates in groups 2 and 3 were identical to those in groups 4 and 5. Thus the long-term results of aneurysm treatment with GDC and Matrix coils show no differences regarding occlusion and recanalization rates. The only noticeable difference was the difference in handling. More force was required to pushing the Matrix coils forward through the microcatheter and there was more friction in coil interaction in the aneurysm. The bioactive coating of the Matrix coil produces no significant benefit in achieving higher occlusion and lower recanalization rates, and the coil is more difficult to handle. Future bioactive coils must be shown to produce significantly better long-term results than GDC and their ease of handling has to be improved.

Microdebrider vs electrocautery: A comparison of tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model

To evaluate tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model following microdebrider intracapsular and electrocautery tonsillectomy techniques. Randomized, controlled, single-blinded, paired comparison of histopathology. Twelve beagles underwent tonsillectomies by microdebrider on one side and electrocautery on the other. Punch biopsies were taken of the tonsillar fossae on postoperative days 3, 9, and 20. Specimens were graded with a novel mucosal wound healing scale (inter-rater reliability, r = 0.83) and appropriate statistical analysis performed. Combined mucosal wound healing scale scores showed significantly faster healing on the microdebrider side when compared to the electrocautery side on postoperative day 3 and day 9 (P < 0.05), which equalized by day 20. In a canine model of tonsillar wound healing, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy produced significantly faster healing than electrocautery tonsillectomy in the early postoperative course. The "biologic dressing" theory of intracapsular tonsillectomy wound healing may account for observed differences in healing and suggests a mechanism for improved clinical outcomes.

Fibrosis and Adventitious Bursae in Plantar Fat Pad of Forefoot: MR Imaging Findings in Asymptomatic Volunteers and MR Imaging–Histologic Comparison

To retrospectively evaluate plantar fat pad (PFP) signal intensity alterations in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of asymptomatic volunteers and to compare PFP alterations with histopathologic findings in cadavers and patients. After appropriate institutional review board approval and any required informed consent were obtained, MR imaging studies of 70 asymptomatic volunteers (35 women, 35 men; mean age, 45 years; range, 21-69 years) obtained for another investigation were retrospectively analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists in consensus. The location, signal intensity, margin, extent, and size of PFP alterations were determined. MR imaging-histopathologic comparison was performed in six cadaveric feet and six feet of symptomatic patients (one woman, five men; mean age, 43 years; range, 31-60 years). For volunteers, the relationship between PFP alterations and Morton neuroma, age, and sex was analyzed by using the Fisher exact test, Spearman rank correlation, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. Bonferroni correction was applied, and P < .01 was considered to indicate a significant difference. Fifty-nine (84%) volunteers had PFP signal intensity alterations. Forty-nine (70%), six (9%), one (1%), four (6%), and 43 (61%) volunteers had alterations beneath the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal heads, respectively. Ninety-four (91%) of 103 signal intensity alterations were in the form of hypointensity on T2-weighted images. Blurred margins were present in 90 (87%) alterations. Ninety percent of all PFP alterations in asymptomatic volunteers were 14 mm or smaller. The relationship between PFP alterations and Morton neuroma, age, and sex was not statistically significant. In cadaveric forefeet, PFP alterations corresponded histopathologically to a variable amount of fibrosis. In nine PFP alterations, development of fluid-containing spaces resembling bursae was present. Among the six patients with PFP alterations, histopathologic examination revealed fibrosis and adventitious bursae in two, fibrosis with inflammation in three, and a soft-tissue chondroma in one. PFP signal intensity alterations are commonly seen in asymptomatic volunteers under the first and fifth metatarsal heads. At histologic examination, PFP signal intensity alterations correspond most commonly to fibrosis and adventitious bursae.

Histopathology comparison and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expressions in Fusarium wilt infected watermelons

Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum &amp; Nakai), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is one of the limiting factors of worldwide watermelon production. In this study, a Fusarium wilt resistant watermelon JSB, which was derived from a spontaneous mutation of the susceptible Sugar Baby (SB), was used to investigate histopathology. The number and diameter of xylem vessels in the root (10 mm below the shoot base) of resistant JSB plants were significantly higher than those in susceptible SB plants. At 9 days post inoculation (dpi), using the plate assay on Nash-PCNB media, FON could be recovered from 86% of the roots in the symptomless plants of both watermelon lines, and from 55% and 64% of the stem segments (5 mm above the shoot base) in resistant and susceptible plants, respectively. In paraffin and free-hand tissue sections, at 8, 13, and 35 dpi, the xylem of roots and stems close to the soil surface in resistant watermelon JSB plants was also colonised by FON, but to a much lower percentage than the susceptible SB ones. No colonisation below the middle of stems was observed in the resistant JSB plants. The susceptible plants grown in infested soil were all dead by 35 dpi, while the resistant plants remained healthy. These observations suggest that reducing FON colonisation in the vascular systems of the host may contribute to the resistance in JSB. Furthermore, the higher expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene in JSB induced by FON and the effects of PAL inhibitor on the resistance of JSB suggested that PAL is involved in resistance of watermelon to Fusarium wilt pathogen.

Comparison of Bacterial Culture, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry for the Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Culled Dairy Cows

Paired samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ileum and lymph node from 204 culled dairy cows were investigated for evidence of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Of the samples, 151 were from animals that were tissue-culture positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and 53 were from animals that were tissue and fecal culture negative. From the culture-positive animals, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from 78 samples of ileum and from 107 samples of lymph node. Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast and immunoperoxidase stained slides were examined for 15 minutes each. Acid-fast organisms were identified in 7 of 78 (8.97%) and 6 of 106 (5.61%) culture-positive ileum and lymph node samples, respectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the same tissues identified infection in the ileum of 9 of 78 (11.54%) and in the lymph node of 5 of 106 (4.67%) culture-positive tissues. All tissues from culture-negative animals tested negative when using acid-fast and IHC staining. The sensitivity of these 2 tests in detecting M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in culled dairy cows was not significantly different, and the tests exhibited substantial to almost perfect agreement. Both tests were much less sensitive than bacterial culture, detecting less than 6% of tissues positive compared with culture.

Histopathological Comparison of Pulmonary Artery Lesions Between Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Domestic Dogs Experimentally Infected with Dirofilaria immitis

Five raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and two domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were subcutaneously infected with 100 infective larvae (L3) of Dirofilaria immitis. Two and five worms, respectively, were collected from two of three raccoon dogs. Villous endarteritis was found in the raccoon dog with five worms and two dogs at 116 days after infection. The number of recovered worms in the raccoon dogs was significantly smaller than that of the domestic dogs having 22 and 29 worms, while histopathological features and the severity of the lesions in the raccoon dogs were similar to those in the domestic dogs. The vascular lesions in two chronically-infected raccoon dogs turned into much severe at 565 and 590 days after inoculation.

Coblation tonsillectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomised, clinical and histopathological comparison with dissection–ligation, monopolar electrocautery and laser tonsillectomies

Coblation tonsillectomy is a relatively recently introduced surgical technique which attempts to bridge the gap between 'hot' and 'cold' tonsillectomy methods. To compare coblation tonsillectomy with three commonly used surgical techniques: cold dissection-ligation, monopolar electrocautery and CO2 laser. A prospective, randomised, double-blinded clinical trial was undertaken of 60 adult patients divided into three equal study groups. Patients in each group were randomly assigned to have one tonsil removed with coblation and the second with one of the other three tonsillectomy techniques. Ten randomly selected tonsils resected by each method were sent for histopathological evaluation. Coblation was significantly faster to perform than laser and produced significantly less intra-operative blood loss than both the dissection-ligation and laser techniques. Subjective visual analogue scale comparisons showed a non-significant pain score difference between coblation and dissection-ligation on most post-operative days. Coblation produced consistently highly significantly (p < 0.001) less pain, compared with electrocautery up to the 12th post-operative day and laser up to the 10th post-operative day. There was no significant difference in tonsillar fossa healing, comparing coblation to both dissection-ligation and laser techniques. Monopolar electrocautery produced significantly slower healing than coblation after 7 post-operative days, with no significant difference after 15 post-operative days. Histopathological evaluation showed that coblation inflicted significantly less thermal tissue injury than either electrocautery (p = 0.001) or laser (p = 0.003). In adult patients, coblation tonsillectomy offers some significant advantages in terms of post-operative pain and healing, compared with other tonsillectomy techniques.

Facial resurfacing: An overview

Facial resurfacing is a broad topic referring to procedures that change the texture and appearance of skin. Resurfacing procedures are broadly classified as ablative or nonablative. Ablative procedures are considered the first line treatment for the most common indications for facial resurfacing, which are photoaging and acne scarring. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the factors that optimize the clinical efficacy of an ablative procedure, including careful patient selection, preoperative skin preparation, correct operative technique, and vigilant postoperative care, as well as review both the traditional and some of the latest technologies that effectively resurface facial skin.

Gene expression in epithelial ovarian cancer: a study of intratumor heterogeneity

The aim of this study was to investigate the intratumor heterogeneity of gene expression profiles in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This was done to evaluate whether sampling of a single macrodissected tissue sample from each EOC case would bias the data and result in, eg, prognostic studies based on gene expression microarray experiments. From nine EOCs removed at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, three tumor samples of 200-300 mg each were taken with greatest possible mutual distance. The samples were immediately flash frozen. A parallel section was taken for histopathologic comparison. RNA was extracted from the tissue samples. Five micrograms of each RNA sample was used for labeling. The fragmented biotin-labeled complementary RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 arrays, and scanning was performed on the GeneArray scanner 3000 (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Data were evaluated using hierarchical clustering and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from reliability analysis. All evaluation methods revealed low intratumor heterogeneity. Intratumor ICCs ranged from 0.888 to 0.978. In contrast, "between-tumor" ICC was 0.549 indicating much lower intra- than intertumor heterogeneity. Due to a low degree of intratumor variation, we conclude that it is sufficiently accurate in a clinical setup to use single, macrodissected tumor samples in the evaluation of gene expression in EOCs.

Airway Leiomyoma: Imaging Findings and Histopathologic Comparisons in 13 Patients

The aim of our study was to review retrospectively the imaging findings on tracheobronchial leiomyoma and to compare them with the pathologic findings. Leiomyoma of the respiratory tract is located in the bronchi in two thirds of patients and in the trachea in one third. The tumor most commonly manifests on CT scans as a homogeneously enhancing airway tumor with intraluminal growth. In approximately 15% of patients, the tumor has an iceberg appearance.

Histopathological Assessment and Comparison of Sedimentation and Phosphate Stress in the Caribbean Staghorn Coral, Acropora cervicornis

Histopathological Assessment and Comparison of Sedimentation and Phosphate Stress in the Caribbean Staghorn Coral, Acropora cervicornis

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Developing Male Wistar(Han) Rat. II: Chronic Dosing Causes Developmental Delay

We have investigated whether fetal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes defects in the male reproductive system of the rat using chronically exposed rats to ensure continuous exposure of the fetus. Five- to six-week-old rats were exposed to control diet, or diet containing TCDD, to attain an average dose of 2.4, 8, and 46 ng TCDD/kg/day for 12 weeks, whereupon the rats were mated and allowed to litter; rats were switched to control diet after parturition. Male offsprings were allowed to develop until kills on PND70 (25 per group) or PND120 (all remaining animals). Offspring from the high-dose group showed an increase in total litter loss, and the number of animals alive on postnatal day (PND)4 in the high-dose group was approximately 26% less than control. The high and medium dose offsprings showed decreased weights at various ages. Balano-preputial separation (BPS) was significantly delayed in all three dose groups compared to control. There were no significant effects of maternal treatment when the offsprings were subjected to a functional observational battery or learning tests, with the exception that the high-dose group showed a deficit in motor activity. Twenty rats per group were mated to females, and there were no significant effects of maternal treatment on the fertility of these rats or on the F1 or F2 sex ratio. Sperm parameters at PND70 and 120 showed no significant effect of maternal treatment, with the exception that there was an increase in the proportion of abnormal sperm in the high-dose group at PND70; this is associated with the developmental delay in puberty in this dose group. There were no remarkable findings of maternal treatment on organ weights, with the exception that testis weights were reduced by approximately 10% at PND70 (but not PND120), and although the experiment was sufficiently powered to detect small changes, ventral prostate weight was not reduced. There were no significant effects of maternal treatment upon histopathological comparison of high-dose and control group organs. These data confirm that developmental exposure to TCDD shows no potent effect on adult sperm parameters or accessory sexual organs, but show that delay in BPS occurs after exposure to low doses of TCDD, and this is dependent upon whether TCDD is administered acutely or chronically.

Comparison of liver histopathology between chronic hepatitis C patients and chronic hepatitis B and C‐coinfected patients

The aim of the present study was to compare the histological characteristics of livers between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with and without hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. A total of 336 CHC patients (male/female: 204/132, mean age: 46.1 +/- 11.7 years) were enrolled in the study; 32 patients (9.8%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The histological characteristics of livers were described according to the Knodell and Scheuer scoring system. The proportion of non-intralobular necrosis (score 0) was significantly lower and the mean intralobular necrosis score was higher among CHC patients with HBV coinfection than those without coinfection (43.8% vs 64.5%; 0.84 +/- 1.05 vs 0.53 +/- 0.89). The epidemiological and virological parameters, and other histological scores (periportal necrosis, portal inflammation, total necroinflammation and fibrosis) were not significantly different between these two groups. Chronic hepatitis C patients with HBV coinfection tend to have more severe intralobular necrosis than those with isolated HCV infection.

A Histopathological Comparison of Two Techniques for Soft Palate Resection in Normal Dogs

Eighteen dogs were used to compare histopathological findings following excision of the soft palate using either a bipolar sealing device or a carbon dioxide laser. Histopathological comparisons were done at 48 and 96 hours after soft palate resection. Mean depths of tissue injury at 96 hours were 3.5 and 3.33 mm for bipolar sealing device and carbon dioxide laser, respectively. Control of hemorrhage was excellent in all dogs, and none of the dogs developed signs of respiratory compromise after soft palate resection. Using the bipolar sealing device for soft palate resection was significantly faster than using the carbon dioxide laser, although both techniques were fast.

Patent foramen ovale: Standards for a preclinical model of prevalence, structure, and histopathologic comparability to human hearts

This study evaluated and standardized a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) preclinical model in gross anatomic and histopathologic features. We examined 150 necropsy-derived domestic porcine hearts, age 4-6 months for PFO prevalence, appearance, and size. Histopathologic preparations were standardized and processed identically to 24 post-mortem human hearts aged 16-62 years. A measurement scheme was developed for PFO atrial openings, tunnel length, and histopathologic features to compare porcine and patient hearts. PFO was found in 32 of the 150 porcine hearts (prevalence 21.3%). Twenty-five porcine PFO underwent standard characterization by tunnel length, and right, and left atrial orifice diameters. Logarithmic regression analysis between porcine PFO tunnel length and left atrial orifice area demonstrated a significant positive relationship (P = 0.0162, R(2) = 0.227). The porcine PFO tunnel length was significantly longer than in humans (12.0 +/- 4.0 mm vs. 7.1 +/- 3.1 mm respectively, P < 0.0001). Histopathologic comparison was made using serial sections perpendicular to the atrial septum and the tunnel long axis. Human and porcine PFO lesions demonstrated strong similarities in tissue cells, connective tissue, and matrix composition. PFO assessment was standardized in both macroscopically and histopathologically, with quantitative and qualitative comparisons feasible using a porcine preclinical model. PFO prevalence in domestic swine is identical to humans, and microscopic structures very similar to humans. The domestic swine PFO model appears useful to evaluate new interventional closure technologies due to comparability in microscopic features. Tunnel length should be carefully evaluated due to differences across pigs and patients.

Histopathological comparison of topical therapy modalities for acute radiation proctitis in an experimental rat model.

To evaluate the prevalent topical therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of acute radiation proctitis compared to formalin. A total of 120 rats were used. Four groups (n = 30) were analyzed with one group for each of the following applied therapy modalities: control, mesalazine, formalin, betamethasone, and misoprostol. A single fraction of 17.5 Gy was delivered to each rat. The rats in control group rats were given saline, and the rats in the other three groups received appropriate enemas twice a day beginning on the first day after the irradiation until the day of euthanasia. On d 5, 10, and 15, ten rats from each group were euthanized and a pathologist who was unaware of treatment assignment examined the rectums using a scoring system. The histopathologic scores for surface epithelium, glands (crypts) and lamina propria stroma of the rectums reached their maximum level on d 10. The control and formalin groups had the highest and mesalazine had the lowest, respectively on d 10. On the 15th d, mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol had the lowest scores of betamethasone. Mesalazine, betamethasone, and misoprostol are the best topical agents for radiation proctitis and formalin has an inflammatory effect and should not be used.

Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma Presenting as Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Dynamic CT Findings and Histopathologic Comparisons

The purpose of this study was to describe the dynamic CT findings of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and to compare these findings with histopathologic findings. On dynamic CT, sclerosing hemangioma has strong and rapid enhancement attributed histopathologically to the presence of hemangiomatous or papillary components in the tumor.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before Liver Transplantation: A Prospective Study with Histopathologic Comparison

The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma waiting for liver transplantation and to compare the radiologic and pathologic findings. Twenty-six patients with 35 hepatocellular carcinomas were addressed for transplantation. Complications of the procedures were recorded. Primary and secondary technique effectiveness and causes of exclusion from the waiting list were assessed. After transplantation, tumor recurrence was evaluated for at least 1 year in all patients. Radiologic-pathologic comparison of the explant was performed. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation was performed in 21 (81%) patients for 28 tumors. Both minor and major complications occurred in three patients (10% each per session). The rates of primary technique effectiveness, secondary technique effectiveness for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation alone (seven tumors), and combined percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (three tumors) were 56%, 76%, and 86%, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 11.9 months, 16 patients (76%) received transplants, whereas five patients were excluded from the waiting list because of distant tumor progression (n =3, 14%) or other causes (n = 2, 10%). After transplantation, tumor recurred in one (6%) of 16 patients. Histopathologic examinations were performed for 13 (81%) of 16 patients and showed complete necrosis and satellite nodules in, respectively, 12 (75%) and seven (44%) of 16 tumors. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation can be performed on hepatocellular carcinoma patients waiting for transplantation, allows most patients to undergo transplantation, and does not impair posttransplantation outcomes. The procedure produces complete necrosis of the treated tumor in most cases but is associated with a high rate of satellite nodules.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post‐smolts in the Shetland Isles, Scotland: virus identification, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and genetic comparison with Scottish mainland isolates

During mid-June 1999 peak mortalities of 11% of the total stock per week were seen at a sea cage site of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts in the Shetland Isles, Scotland. Virus was isolated on chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells in a standard diagnostic test and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IPNV was confirmed as serogroup A by a cell immunofluorescent antibody test using the cross-reactive monoclonal antibody AS-1. Four weeks after the main outbreak, virus titres in surviving moribund fish were assayed at >10(10) TCID50 g(-1) kidney. Histopathology of moribund fish was characterized by pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and a marked catarrhal enteritis of the intestinal mucosa. In the liver, necrosis, leucocytic infiltration and a generalized cell vacuolation were noted. IPNV-specific immunostaining was demonstrated in pancreas, liver, heart, gill and kidney tissue. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of segment A was determined from the Shetland isolate. A 1180 bp fragment of the VP2 gene of this isolate was compared with a 1979 reference isolate from mainland Scottish Atlantic salmon, La/79 and another more recent mainland isolate, 432/00. Both A2 isolates were derived from carrier fish without signs of IPN and serotyped by a plaque neutralization test. The Shetland isolate shows a different nucleotide and amino acid sequence compared with the two isolates from carrier fish. These latter isolates showed identical amino acid sequences in the fragment examined, despite the 21 years separating the isolations. Sequence comparisons with other A2 (Sp) isolates on the database confirm all three Scottish isolates are A2 (Sp).

Histopathologic comparison of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and scleromyxedema

Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) clinically presents as indurated plaques and papules in patients with renal dysfunction. The differential diagnosis generally includes scleromyxedema (SMX), an idiopathic systemic disorder with cutaneous manifestations, in which patients also develop indurated papules and plaques. The two entities can be extremely difficult to distinguish microscopically. Histopathologic differences with immunophenotypic comparison, to our knowledge, have not been thoroughly studied. We compared these two entities with an emphasis on immunohistochemistry. Nine biopsies diagnosed as NFD and seven biopsies diagnosed as SMX were retrospectively collected from the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center's surgical pathology and dermatopathology archives. Immunohistochemical staining for CD34, factor XIIIa, CD31, smooth muscle actin, CD68, and procollagen-I, as well as colloidal iron, were performed on each biopsy. Amount of expression for each of these markers, as well as degree of inflammation, for each biopsy was evaluated using a grading system of 0--3. Overall, NFD and SMX showed similar expression for all markers except procollagen-I, which showed increased expression in SMX. Although some immunophenotypic differences were found, our study did not demonstrate microscopic characteristics that can be easily used diagnostically to distinguish NFD from SMX. Clinical pathologic correlation is paramount in distinguishing these two entities. Kucher C, Xu X, Pasha T, Elenitsas R. Histopathologic comparison of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and scleromyxedema.