Comparative-typological Methods Research Articles

Этнические архетипы в первом саамском романе «Алхалалалай» Н. Большаковой

The article is a continuation of the research on the mythopoetics of the first Sami novel “Alkhalalalai”, written by N. Bolshakova. The authors aim to identify ethnic archetypes that have found expression in the work. The material for the analysis was the novel and some of the ethical archetypes in it. The study is based on a theoretical analysis of research in the field of a number of humanities, in particular, anthropology and cultural studies, mythology and folklore, literary studies, and ethnography; synthesis of the obtained data, methods of mythopoetic and linguoculturological analyses, comparative typological method. As a result of the study, the authors were able to identify and characterize ethnic archetypes that reflect the values and experience of a particular ethnic group. In the Sami literature, the appeal to the archaic is clearly expressed, which is explained by the comparative youth of the existence of the Sami written culture. The age-old oral traditions that form the basis of modern Sami literature provide a message of the past and present in the culture of the northern people. The study of the mythopoetics of the novel by N. Bolshakova from the point of view of ethnic archetypes was carried out for the first time, which is the novelty of the work. The archetypism of the work of ethnic writers helps to build a model of the world of the indigenous people of the North, to determine the specifics of national literature.

Позднесарматское клинковое оружие из погребений Березовского курганного могильника

Introduction. One of the main types of Sarmatian weapons is bladed weapons, represented by daggers and swords. The relatively small number of Late Sarmatian burials in the forest-steppe Podonye determines the importance of publishing new materials – daggers and swords. Materials. The materials for the analysis were artifacts (iron daggers and swords) discovered during the study of kurgan burial ground 4 near the village of Berezovka in the Vorobyevsky district of the Voronezh region (left bank of the Middle Don). In four of the seven burials examined, bladed weapons were found. The dead were buried under separate mounds in elongated rectangular pits and chambers clogged with continental clay. The heads of the buried were directed to the southern sector (three burials) and to the east-northeast (one burial). Bladed weapons were located according to the tradition of the Scythians and Sarmatians – at the right hand with the tip to the extremities of the legs. Methods. The study used a comparative typological method that allowed us to distinguish the found daggers and swords into a separate type of bladed weapons; the method of analogies, which was used to compare the type with similar finds in the Sarmatian culture; and the chronological method, which made it possible to attribute the discovered blades to the late Sarmatian culture. Analysis. During the analysis of artifacts, typical signs of bladed weapons characteristic of the late Sarmatian culture were identified; although the time of their appearance belongs to the early and Middle Sarmatian periods, their chronological framework was determined (mid-2nd – 4th centuries AD). A dagger and a sword were found together in two burials. Results. All burials in which bladed weapons were found belong to men (age range from 25–30 years to 35–40 years). Judging by the available data, the joint occurrence of a dagger and a sword in the burial may indicate in favor of the opinion that there are burials of professional soldiers in the burial ground.

Морфологический портрет имени прилагательного аварского языка

<p>The article examines the topical issues of distinguishing possessive adjectives as an independent category of words in the Dagestan languages, which are relevant not only for Dagestan studies, but also for general language studies and are ambiguously interpreted in the linguistic literature. The study investigates the implementation of grammatical categories in the structure of the Avar adjectives, which have not found adequate coverage in the Avar studies. This paper considers the issues of the grammatical status of genitive forms of the name, functioning in the attributive form, which are being actively discussed in Caucasian studies. In this research we also determine the grammatical status of comparative constructions formed on the basis of traditional persistent comparisons, qualified in the scientific literature as either compound adjectives or phraseological expressions. It is noted the possibility of realization of possessive relations not only by a noun in the genitive case, but also by a noun in the nominative form. Along with the descriptive method, the article applies the comparative-typological method. For the purpose of comparison and typological analysis the material of related Dagestan languages is used. A number of illustrative materials are introduced into scientific usage for the first time. The obtained results suggest that in the Avar language, in contrast to most related Dagestan languages, along with genitive forms of name in the attributive function morphologically formed possessive adjectives are presented.</p>

К оценке траекторий трансформаций постсоветских политических систем

Introduction. The article examines the formation and development of political systems in the former eleven republics of the USSR from the standpoint of the institutional transformations taking place there. The struggle for power between various elite groups and citizens’ identities and the dynamics of citizens’ identities were also the basis for comparison. The authors consider the parameters mentioned to make the comparison and typology of the modern post-Soviet states’ development more effective. Methods and Materials. The neoinstitutional, sociological, and political-cultural approaches were used in the research, as were the comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods, which made it possible to scrutinize the available facts and draw respective conclusions. Analysis. It was stated that starting in the 1980s, the transformation of the typical Soviet republics took place in two directions. The first included the formation of the electoral autocracies, institutional design, and social and cultural image, which were determined by the “nucleus” – the president-leader. Such political dynamics turned out to be characteristic of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Belarus. The formation of the “front-end democracies” was the second direction. These democracies are characterized by institutional, social, and identity fragmentation hiding behind the glass cases of democratic structures and practices borrowed from the West. Kirghizia, Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine, and Moldavia have moved in this direction. Results. The authors’ conclusion is that both the first and second directions do not ensure the stable development of new independent states in the foreseeable future. Authors’ contribution. A.V. Abramov formulated the concept of the article, developed the comparison parameters, and studied the post-Soviet elites’ and citizens’ struggle for power and their identity evolution. R.A. Alekseev analyzed the transformation of the political institutions in the post-Soviet political systems in the context of their constitutional reforms.

The Apple as an Object and Subject of the Image
 (on the Question of Studying the Phenomenon in Poetic Speech

In the article the apple acts as a semiotic code containing significant cultural meanings that speak of universal gravity: the biblical story of Adam and Eve echoes the story of Newtonian discovery. Also, using some specific texts of poets of the
 XX–XXI centuries in their historical and cultural dynamics (G. Semenov, E. Kasyan, V. Polozkova), the interaction of the image of the apple with such levels of the work as the symbolic system, the image of the hero is investigated. The invariant presence of
 the apple in people's lives is solved individually in each of the poetic testimonies. The dialogical relations between man and apple are cannot be ignored: each of the poets
 depicts them from a special angle. Thanks to the comparative typological method, it became possible to identify common and variable properties of the image.
 As for the degree of elaboration of this image in Russian literature, it is necessary to note here a very wide range of issues related to the hero's attitude to the apple, which are subjected to poetic – not scientific analysis. Directly or indirectly, seriously or ironically, the image of the apple is interpreted more and more often by poets, but not by literary critics.
 The relevance of the work is due to the fact that its topic is at the intersection of very extensive cultural spheres currently being developed by modern humanities. Secondly, this study is directly related to such a theoretical problem as an ambiguous
 approach to the selection of a lyrical subject and object in a poetic text.
 The methodology of the research is based on the classical works of Russian scientists devoted to the immanent analysis of the poetic text.

Evolution of the views on the Moon in Arab-speaking Medieval society

For decades, some branches of medieval Muslim cosmology, including astrology, were considered insufficiently academic, and commonly they received less attention than they worth, as a result, entire scientific layers turned out to be not much studied. Within the framework of this study, the authors attempted to highlight one of the aspects of the cosmological system - the approaches of scientists of the Arab-Muslim world to the Moon - covering various traditions, regions, eras (within the “classical” period of development of Islamic medieval science). On the basis of seven treatises and comparative typological methods, the features of both the “academic” (astronomy) and “mystical” (astrology) schools were revealed, and an attempt was made to combine the features of both of them within a single system. Despite the fact that, as seems, astrology should involve a wide variety of approaches and solutions, the authors managed to show that the Moon is found only among astronomers as an independent and valuable object of research. At the same time, aspects of its consideration and methods of scientific description vary widely. Astrological science assumed the use of the Moon only as a tool in the construction of tables and systems, and over the centuries has undergone little change. Of particular interest in the study was the appeal to the work of Abu al-Abbas alFarghani (IX cent.) and Abdul-Hasan al-Isfahani (XIV cent.), little known to the Russian reader.

О демографической ситуации на Тамбовщине в эпоху средневековья

Importance. The main source of information about demographic processes that took place in the Middle Ages on the territory of modern Tambov region and adjacent territories is archaeological research. Almost to the present time, the Upper Don region and the Oka-Don plain remained a white spot on the medieval archaeological map. Only in recent decades has the source base been significantly expanded. Monuments of the first half of the first millennium of the new era belonging to the circle of Early Slavic antiquities were identified; studies of the monuments of the Don Slavs, the Old Russian time, the nomadic circle were carried out. The purpose of the study was to identify the directions of settlement of the Oka-Don plain in the Middle Ages, its dynamics, ethnic composition, contacts of the new population with the autochthonous. Materials and methods. The principle of historicism, the comparative typological method and the principle of objectivity. Both general and special methods of historical cognition were used. The dating of archaeological materials and their belonging to a certain ethnic group was determined by studying ceramics and a few individual finds. Results and Discussion. The territory of modern Tambov region, as part of the Oka-Don plain, has always been attractive due to its natural and climatic features not only for nomadic peoples, but also for settled tribes. Due to various factors, such as the Great Migration of peoples, periodic invasions of nomads, the disintegration of individual archaeological cultures, the demographic situation in the Middle Ages was extremely unstable. Residents of many settlements were forced to change their place of residence, or try to coexist with nomads. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the diversity of ethnic groups in the Tambov region due to the presence of cultural finds, remnants of dwellings, burials in places of existence of various cultures. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the chronological systematization of the stages of life and activity of the peoples who lived in the first millennium on the territory of the modern Tambov region. Their ancestral and cultural ties, lifestyle and territorial movements for various reasons have become objects of study using archaeological methods, which has allowed us to expand our knowledge of the ancient history of the region. Further attention to the famous monuments and the discovery of new ones on the territory of the Oka-Don plain will allow us to study in more detail the demographic situation in the Middle Ages in this territory.

Ecological education in Literature lessons at university

Literature as an academic subject is characterized by rather wide possibilities of forming the right attitude to ecological issues. The purpose of the paper is to examine the ways of developing ecological culture in Literature lessons at university in the framework of online course “Ecological issues in Russian Literature”. The following tasks are set: to select the authors who actively develop environmental issues in their works, to introduce terminological vocabulary, to expand the range of ideas and create interdisciplinary research projects aimed at improving the environmental situation on the planet. The methodology of the study was based on a set of methods such as a research method, the comparative typological method, and the heuristic method. The course presents the nature in the following forms for the students to understand: a revengeful God (I. Bunin), a human-being himself (V. Astafyev’s, V. Rasputin), spiritual values (A. Solzhenitsyn), mythological creature (Ch. Aitmatov), the wildlife (V. Soloukhin, Y. Yevtushenko), freedom (Y. Yevtushenko). The description of real natural catastrophes presented by the authors (V. Rasputin, V. Astafyev, Ch. Aitmatov) plants the idea in the students’ minds that it is not allowed to destruct of nature for the sake of rapid scientific and technological progress.

Православный реализм в творчестве Ф. М. Достоевского

The article aims to define the artistic method of F.M. Dostoevsky in the light of new ideas about the ideological content and poetics of the writer’s works. As is known, Dostoevsky worked in the gen-re of realism, he called himself a realist, and it is easy to notice the features of social, psychological, philo-sophical, and even political realism in his writings. At the same time, there was always something else in them, something more significant and adding unique originality to the writer’s works. A number of modern researchers (I.B. Avanesyan, A.A.Alekseev, V.A.Voropaev, M.M.Dunaev, V.N.Zakharov, Yu.V.Le-bedev, A.M.Lyubomudrov, L.I.Saraskina, K.A.Stepanyan, A.N.Uzhankov, and others) consider this phenomenon to be grounded in the cultural European Christian tradition. The results of the study of Dostoev-sky’s works by means of historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods generally confirm this as-sumption, but it needs significant clarification. Using the comparative typological method, the author of the article explores various points of view on Dostoevsky’s poetics, systematizes the results obtained on the ba-sis of an original methodological approach, and comes to the conclusion that the most precise term convey-ing the features of the writer’s artistic method is ‘Orthodox realism’.It is known that Dostoevsky called his method ‘complete realism’, ‘realism in the highest sense’, ab-solutely rejecting the label of a writer-psychologist. This circumstance has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. While studying various concepts and analyzing Dostoevsky’s own views on the goals and objectives of artistic creativity, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that ‘realism in the highest sense’ is based on the principle of transforming the Orthodox view of the world into artistic imagery –‘Or-thodox realism’. It has been the main principle of Russian literature since its appearance, having countless embodiments in the works of Russian writers. Dostoevsky creatively rethought the experience of European and Russian Christian literature and raised the method of Orthodox realism to an unattainable height.

АВТОРСЬКА ПІСНЯ ПЕРІОДУ РЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ГІДНОСТІ ТА ВІЙНИ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ

The "author's songs" reflect the mood and emotions of Ukrainians during the "Revolution of Dignity" and the war in the East of Ukraine. These songs are important as a cultural phenomenon in the history of Ukraine, which demonstrates the feelings and thoughts of citizens through artistic expression. Moreover, they can serve as a source for understanding and analyzing the socio-political context of this period. On the other side, researchers can reveal the influence of these songs on society and the political process. The study of the author's songs can provide valuable conclusions about the role of art in developing civil society and various forms of struggle for freedom and justice that are especially important in the current context of national resistance. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Ukrainian "author's songs" of the period the "Revolution of Dignity" and the War in the East of Ukraine via their impact on the socio-political context. Systemic, semiotic, comparative, and comparative-typological methods were used in the research. Results. In the analyzed period of contemporary Ukrainian history, the "author's song" has provided support for the physical and moral mobilization of the Ukrainian people. Considering this, authors and performers of "author's songs" still maintain an important role in the cultural and political space. "Author's songs" reflect national traditions and cultural-historical memory, and provide the platform for the promotion of alternative public narratives to the authorities. Conclusions. "Author's songs" as a way to reflect reactions to the current socio-political context not only changed the perception of this genre for mass culture consumers but at the same time caused a significant impact on the national consciousness, provided a new attitude to the concept of nationalism and national self-identification. It was facilitated by the creativity of the bards, who created new ways of interacting with a disappointed society. This interaction got political significance due to the resonance of national sentiments and individual attitudes to the events of the authors-performers.

Portrait Poetics in Dostoevsky’s Novel “The Adolescent”

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the construction of portrait characteristics, as well as determining the role of the portrait in revealing the image of the characters of Dostoevsky’s novel “The Adolescent”. The relevance of the article is determined by the study of the portrait as a means of exploring the inner world of characters, the ability to trace the evolution of the use of static and dynamic portraits. The purpose of the article was to study the portrait as a means of artistic and psychological analysis in relation to the author’s concept of personality, the aesthetic views of the writer and the problems of the work. The definition of the role of portrait characteristics in the novel “The Adolescent” is facilitated by the analysis of the principles of portrait construction, a comparative typological method that allows identifying the features of creating static and dynamic portraits. It is noted that in the novel “The Adolescent” the theme of the chaos of post-reform reality, moral and spiritual decay is reflected in the characters of the characters, and by introducing a new type of hero into the novel, first-person narratives, change the ways of creating portraiture. Static and dynamic portraits are colored by subjective assessment, the feeling of the hero-narrator. Portrait typing techniques depend on the content of the person being portrayed. The characters are one-liners, whose inner world is unambiguous, and in the future there are no significant changes in their perception of the world and behavior, are depicted in monologue portraits (Lambert, Makar Ivanovich, etc.). The image of ambivalent heroes, who were affected by “disorder” and spiritual decay, is revealed in dialogical static portraits (Kraft, Vasin, both Princes Sokolsky). Especially in the novel, portraits stand out-impressions of two of the most complex characters and the most important persons in the fate of a teenager – Versilov and Akhmakova. These portraits are imbued with an emotional element. The study of the poetics of the portrait has given reason to assert that in the “The Adolescent” the portrait not only reveals the dominant psychological characteristics of the character, but also becomes a refraction of the inner world of the teenager, his artistic and psychological characteristics.

Галечные орудия из террас горы Эчкидаг в Крыму: геоморфологический и археологический контекст

From the mid-1970s on, several findspots supplying archaic pebble tools were discovered in the southern coast of the Crimea. The main feature of all the sites is the absence of cultural layer. According to the dating of ancient sea terraces and the results of comparative typological method, the researchers have dated the said finds of pebble tools from the Oldowan and the Lower Acheulean Periods. The 2019 comprehensive archaeological and geomorphological researches in the southern slopes of Echkidag mountain uncovered that the upper part of the diluvial aprons of the terraces and their surface were younger, with some dating to the modernity, and therefore surface finds cannot be dated according to the positions on this or that level of Echkidag terraces. Moreover, the finds include cultural layers at the site Echkidag 6 containing pebble and flint tools, and hand-made ware. It has been discovered that the pebble tools date from the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

“Helmets” of the Ob Ugrians: typology and functions

On the basis of the comparative-typological method, the woolen headdresses-helmets held at the sanctua-ries of the Northern Khanty and Mansi have been analyzed. By the shape of the crown and some additional de-tails, four helmet types were identified, which, by the way of analogy, were designated as malakhai (a fur cap), helmet, bashlyk (a hood), and ear-flapped cap. For each type, its specifics and territory of its common use were determined. It has been found that malakhai is characteristic of the Severnaya Sos’va Mansi, while ear-flapped cap — of the Kazym Khanty. The other types and variants are distributed at the borders of their settlement and among other groups. The existence of several types of helmets, their variability and local distribution suggest the loss by some groups of the tradition of cutting, but preserving the tradition of manufacture. As the result, one form of the headdresses was replaced by others, probably related to new social images. It has been ascertained that the identified types of the helmet cutting have no comparable counterparts among the traditional headdresses of Khanty and Mansi. In the meantime, helmet of the malakhai type bears resemblance to the headdresses (mala-khais) of the Turkic peoples of Siberia, Central Asia, and the European part of Russia. The headdresses of a simi-lar form were used among the neighboring in the past Bashkirs, as well as the Kazakhs living alongside with the Bashkirs. Among both the Bashkirs and the Kazakhs, malakhais formed a part of the costumes of the warrior and the horseman. A comparative analysis of the cutting and decorations of the Ugric, Bashkir and Kazakh malakhais shows resemblance in a series of features. This points favorably to their common origins and supports the exis-tence of such headdresses among the Ugrs in the past. In the Ugric society, malakhais acquired a new role and became a symbol of the Heavenly Rider.

Ancient Turkic ritual fences on the burial ground Ulken Kakpak

The article is devoted to the introduction into scientific circulation of information about the ritual monument of the ancient Turkic time, studied at the Ulken Kakpak burial ground, located in the north-eastern part of Zhetysu. In the course of the study, complex archaeological exploration and excavation works were carried out, in connection with the structural features of the monument, a widely used comparative typological method was used, and a technical and technological analysis of the fragments of ceramic dishes found was carried out. The analysis of ceramic tableware was carried out on the basis of binocular microscopy methods and was classified according to three main stages of the manufacture of ceramic tableware. The studied ritual fences represent a whole complex with burials randomly located in one burial ground. Despite the fact that only fragments of ceramic ware were found during the study of ritual fences, based on the design features of the fences and comparing them with those previously studied in neighboring regions, we can say that the monument dates back to the early Middle Ages. Of particular interest is the special treatment of the upper part of the stele, installed on the outside of the northern wall of fence no. 1. The ritual fence can be built by followers of ancient Turkic beliefs during the penetration of Islam into this region. During the archaeological excavations at the Ulken Kakpak burial ground, located in Zhetysu, which was the center of the Turkic khaganates, many sources were obtained for the study of early medieval ritual monuments. Among other things, materials were collected concerning the ritual beliefs and worldview of the ancient Turkic time. The monument is dated by the authors of the VIII–IX centuries.

Причастная клауза в истории русского языка

The article examines the structure of the participle clause, in which the participle precedes the subject, with the actant or subordinate clause related to the participle placed in postposition. The study aims to reveal grammatical indicators of the participle predicativity, to determine the dynamics of the use of the clause under consideration, its stylistic peculiarities and the reasons for its loss in the Russian language. The application of comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods has enabled the author to prove the higher degree of predicative power of prepositive participles in comparison with the postpositive ones. The grammatical indicators of the participle predicativity have been established. They are expressed in word order, agreement of the participle and the subject in meaning, separation of the participial clause from the verbal part of the sentence with a dot or their connection by means of coordinating conjunction. The participial clause structural diversity has been studied and the development of absolute participle clauses on its basis has been revealed. The dynamics of its use in different periods of the history of the Russian language has been investigated. The frequency of its use has been ascertained in the written records of various genres dating back to the 11 th – 17 th centuries. The analysis of the texts originating from the 18th century has shown the dynamics of participial clause use in different periods of the history of the Russian language, which indicates the reference of such participial constructions to the bookish style.

On the problem of identifying the Belkaragai type of the Neolithic ceramics in Turgai

The settlement of Belkaragai 1 is located on the shore of a dry lake, 160 km south-west of the city of Kostanay (Kostanay Region, Northern Kazakhstan), at an altitude of 6 m from its bottom. The paper examines the materials of the settlement of Belkaragai 1, where it was possible to identify a new type of ceramics — Belkaragai. The purpose of this work is to determine the cultural and chronological affiliation of all archaeological materials obtained from site B of the settlement of Belkaragai 1. The settlement covers an area of about 15 hectares. Seve-ral accumulations of finds were recorded; one of them, designated as site B, attracted attention due to significant quantity of plates. An exploratory dig was set up; the total area of the excavation was 144 m². The analysis, synthesis, generalization, description, comparison, statistical methods, comparative typological method, and the method of analogies were used to distinguish the Belkaragai type of the Neolithic ceramics in Turgai. The raw feedstock and molding masses of the ceramic products were studied using binocular microscopy and petrographic analysis. The main feature of the Belkaragai type ceramics is the combination of the Eneolithic exterior of the vessels with the typical Mahanjar admixture of wool and animal hair in the composition of the clay dough. The Belkaragai type of ceramics accompanied a lamellar complex of stone tools, which is commensurable with the Mahanjar complex but has its own characteristics manifested in the width of the plates and composition of the tools. The peculiarities of the ceramics and flint industry allows placing chronologically the Belkaragai type of ceramics between the Mahanjar (Neolithic) and Tersek (Late Neolithic) antiquities. Besides, it should not go unnoticed that the Belkargai type may be genetically related to the Mahanjar Neolithic antiquities. As the result of the search for analogies to the Belkaragai type in the materials of other Turgai sites (the sites of Duzbay 3, Svetly Dzharkul, and the settlements of Bestamak and Buruktal 1), it was possible to identify pottery which, in terms of its main features, correlates well with the Belkaragai type. It is possible that the Belkaragai-type materials are not a local phenomenon, but have a wider character (at least within the Turgai trough). Most likely, this is a cultural phenomenon that reflects the processes that took place in Turgai at the end of the Neolithic period.

Домінанти мовної картини світу в новелах Богдана Мельничука (на прикладі аналізу збірки „Суд без суду”)

The article analyses the novels from the Trial without Trial collection by Bohdan Melnychuk in order to identify the features of the artistic realisation of the dominants of the linguistic worldview. As a result of research carried out using descriptive, comparative-typological methods, component, semantic, conceptual and contextual analysis, it was found that the linguistic worldview in Melnychuk’s novels appears as a result of perception and understanding of the world and man in it, realised by the speech of the protagonists. It is characterised by a complex intertwining of table expressions, metaphors, metaphorised images that acquire the meaning of symbols, and of semantically related concepts and concepts that are marked by psychological complexity and are designed to reflect the inner states of man, their behaviour, which indicates the anthropocentrism of the linguistic worldview in the novels of the writer.

THE ISSUE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM IN ARTISTIC PRACTICES: CULTURAL REFLECTIONS

The purpose of the article is to explore the importance of digital technology in the organisation of the creative process. The article analyses the methods of using digital technologies in cultural practices, highlights theoretical reflections on the meaning of technology in artistic creativity through the prism of the provisions of technological determinism. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach and a combination of several methods: analytical — to consider philosophical, sociological, cultural and art studies literature on the subject of research; theoretical and conceptual method — to analyse the conceptual and terminological system of research and identify the features of the introduction of digital technologies in cultural practices, as well as a comparative typological method — to compare the specifics of human activity and the functioning of mechanised equipment in the process of creating a work of art. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the features of using digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, in the process of creating artwork are considered, the provisions of the concepts of “technological determinism” and “singularity” are analysed (using examples of creating works of art through the use of digital technologies). Conclusions. As a result of the automation of the creative process, a decrease in human activity is revealed, which actualises the issue of the uniqueness of artistic work. Potential threats related to the misuse of digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, and people’s excessive trust in automated mechanisms are identified.

Статусные предметы из склепа III–II вв. до н. э. «Каменная могила» (южные окрестности г. Железноводска)

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of objects discovered during the excavation of the “Kamennaya mogila” (Stone Grave) kurgan on Medovaya mountain (southern outskirts of Zheleznovodsk). Methods and materials. The comparative typological method was used as a worker. It is based on classification by material, processing method, shape, ornamentation, as well as on the study of types of gold jewelry, glass and black-glazed dishes, bronze horse plate foreheads and cheek pads, etc. Analysis. The typological and chronological analysis was carried out on gold jewelry (plaques, rings, pendants), antique ceramic and glassware, items of horse dress and weapons. Analogies to imported items from the crypt, found in the monuments of ancient culture and in the burials of the barbarian nobility, allow them to be dated to the 4th – 2nd centuries BC. Items of equestrian dress and weapons date back to the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC. Results. The author, regarding the social structure of the local population, ranked the monument as stratum No. 2 (nobility of the first level). A complex burial structure of the tomb with a significant number of ritual offerings is recorded. Burial items have numerous analogies in the status burials of the Bosporan, Meotian and Scythian nobility of the Northern Black Sea region and the North Caucasus of the 4 th – 2nd centuries BC. The sophisticated frame structure of the horse harness made of iron parts from the crypt of the Stone Grave is unique. Only a member of the nobility with a very high status could afford such a special bridle as a ritual offering.

Culture-oriented strategies of Akhmet Baitursynov – translator of Alexander Pushkin’s fairy tales

The article is devoted to the translations of «The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish» and «The Tale of the Golden Cockerel» by Alexander Pushkin by Akhmet Baitursynov. A model of culture-oriented strategies in Baitursynov’s translation experience is proposed. Popularization of the fairy tale of the Russian writer and adaptation to the perception of the Kazakh reader required the identification of factors of the translator’s choice of a certain strategy. The analysis of the correlation of the cultural grid, domestication, foreignisation and estrangement allowed us to establish their connection with the authenticity of literary translation. The study of Baitursynov’s translation skills was carried out in the aspect of the correlation of the plot syntagma and the paradigmatic plot. This approach contributes to the study of the author’s impact on the reader. The obtained results of the study complement the picture of the Kazakh literary process from the point of view of the relationship between culture-oriented translation strategies and the development of a literary fairy tale in Kazakh culture. Kazakhstan’s Pushkiniana is being replenished. The analysis of culture-oriented strategies revealed the connection with the authenticity of literary translation. The use of tacosnomic, statistical, formal and comparative-typological methods contributed to the establishment of the unity of the Baitursynov-translator method. The idea of estrangement as a form of domestication is substantiated, the predominance of domestication is explained in order to popularize Pushkin’s fairy tale and adapt it to the perception of the recipient of the translation. The essence of exclusion as a result of the influence of the national conceptual sphere on the author’s is proved. The study of domestication and foreignisation was carried out in the aspect of their connection with the plot syntagma. A connection has been established between the paradigmatic nature of the original plot and the use of estrangment in translation. The analysis of the translation variance helps to supplement the idea of the factors of integration of the original into the culture of the target language. The model of culture-oriented strategies expands the scientific and methodological arsenal of literary translation studies, contributes to the addition of historical and theoretical poetics of Kazakh literary studies, the development of literary studies with linguo conceptology, linguopragmatics. The practical significance of the work is due to the inclusion of translations of Pushkin’s fairy tales by Baitursynov in the collection of works of the Russian writer in the Kazakh language, which contributes to the integration of the results of science into publishing. The results obtained make it possible to systematize recommendations for new translators of Pushkin’s fairy tale