Comparative Study Of Protective Effect Research Articles

Comparative Study of Protective Effect of Cimetidine and Verapamil on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Paracetamol, chemically known as acetaminophen, if taken in higher doses has hepatotoxic potential. Cimetidine by inhibiting the cytochromal enzymes and reducing the production of the toxic metabolite can reduce the hepatotoxic potential while Verapamil can act as a hepatoprotective by maintaining calcium homeostasis. The present study was conducted to study the hepatoprotective activity of Cimetidine and Verapamil against the toxicity induced by paracetamol. In addition to the group receiving only distilled water or 300 mg/kg paracetamol additional groups were added treated with 150 mg/kg Cimetidine and Verapamil alone or both. The Liver function tests and histopathology revealed hepatotoxicity in the group receiving paracetamol (PCM) while normal parameters were observed in the groups receiving Cimetidine and Verapamil. Our results strongly suggested that Cimetidine and Verapamil possess hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Comparative study of protective effects of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia

To compare the effects of cortexin, cerebrolysin and actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia. The study was conducted using male rats with chronic brain ischemia caused by stenosis of the common carotid arteries by 50%. Animals received cortexin (0,3; 1 or 3 mg/kg), cerebrolysin (0,8; 2,5 or 7,5 ml/kg) and actovegin (5 ml/kg) in two 10-day courses with 10 days of treatment break. The severity of cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Morris water maze, passive and active avoidance tests. Cerebral circulation using laser flowmetry and brain hippocampus structures were studied in the end of treatment. Cognitive impairment in animals with chronic brain ischemia was accompanied by the development of pathological changes in the CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. Administration of cortexin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and cerebrolysin (2.5 and 7.5 ml/kg) to rats with chronic brain ischemia had almost no effect on cerebral blood flow, but contributed to the improvement in memory formation and retrieval processes in the Morris water maze. The treatment effect was comparable for both drugs and persisted after 10 days of treatment break. Morphological assessment showed a decrease in the severity of pathological changes in the hippocampal regions. The course-administration of cortexin and cerebrolysin lead to a decrease in the severity of memory impairment and pathomorphological changes in the hippocampus in rats with chronic brain ischemia.

Comparative Study of Protective Effect of Tomato Juice and N-Hexane Extract of Tomato on Blood Lipids and Oxidative Stress in Cholesterol-Fed Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosisassociated conditions by enhancing oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation of tomato which is enriched with antioxidants especially like lycopene may therefore be effective in reducing oxidative stress during hyperlipidemic condition. The study evaluates and compares the protective effect of tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats.Methodology: This experimental study was carried out among 42 rats divided in 7 groups. Rats were treated with 0.5% cholesterol (suspension of cholesterol powder in soybean oil) at a dose of 50 mg/ ml once daily through intragastric tube for 8 weeks. In other two groups of rats tomato juice (1 mg/kg) or n-Hexane extract of tomato (1 mg/kg) with 0.5% cholesterol were given orally once daily through intragastric tube for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile, body weight, plasma malondialdehide (MDA) and erythrocyte reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were measured after 8 weeks in all the groups.Results: Administration of cholesterol caused significant increase (p<0.001) in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride (TG), serum low-density lipoprotien cholesterol (LDL-C)and significant decrease (p<0.001) in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) which were associated with significant increment (p<0.001) in plasma MDA levels and depletion(p<0.001) in erythrocyte GSH levels. Concomitant treatment of tomato juice or n-Hexane extract of tomato with cholesterol reduced (p<0.001) serum cholesterol, serum LDL-C, body weight and increased serum HDL-C level in cholesterol plus tomato juice treated group (p<0.001) and in cholesterol plus n-Hexane extract of tomato treated group (p<0.05).But serum triglyceride was decreased(p<.05) only in cholesterol plus tomato juice treated group. Simultaneous treatment of tomato juice or n-Hexane extract of tomato with cholesterol decreased (p<0.001) plasma MDA level and increased (p<0.001) erythrocyte GSH level. However, significant differences were noted between the effect of tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato on serum cholesterol (p<0.001), serum triglyceride (p<.05), serum LDL-C (p<0.001), serum HDL-C level(p<0.01) and plasma MDA(p<0.001) and erythrocyte GSH (p<0.001) levels. But no significant difference was noted on body weight.Conclusion: It may be concluded that both tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato offered protection against hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress, but the protection afforded by tomato juice was superior to n-Hexane extract of tomato.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 1: Jan 2017, P 30-37

Comparative Study of Protective Effects of Salbutamol and Beclomethasone against Insulin Induced Airway Hyper-reactivity on Isolated Tracheal Smooth Muscle of Guinea Pig.

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and beclomethasone against insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. Effects of varying concentrations of insulin (10(-7) to 10(-3) M), insulin pretreated with fixed concentration of salbutamol (10(-7) M) and beclomethasone (10(-6) M) were studied on isolated tracheal tissue of guinea pig by constructing cumulative concentration response curves. Changes in tracheal smooth muscle contractions were recorded on four channel oscillograph. The mean ± SEM of maximum amplitudes of contraction with increasing concentrations of insulin, insulin pretreated with fixed concentration of salbutamol and beclomethasone were 35 ± 1.13 mm, 14.55 ± 0.62 mm and 22 ± 1.154 mm respectively. Although salbutamol and beclomethasone both had a profound inhibitory effect on insulin induced airway hyper-reactivity, yet salbutamol is more efficacious than beclomethasone. So we suggest that pretreatment of inhaled insulin with salbutamol may be preferred over beclomethasone in amelioration of its potential respiratory adverse effects such as bronchoconstriction.