Comparative Study Of Practices Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Practice, Perception, and Attitude of Undergraduate Healthcare Students towards Toothbrush Selection, Maintenance and Replacement in RAS Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.

Oral hygiene is one of the most significant lifestyle-related determinants of well-being. Health sciences undergraduate students are not only future healthcare providers but also educators of society in maintaining the overall general health. The aim of the study was to assess the practice, perception, and attitude of healthcare students in RAS Al-Khaimah toward toothbrush selection, maintenance, and replacement. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing undergraduate students. The data on demography, practice, perception, and attitude was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. It was evaluated using the Chi-square test and Spearman's rho test. Out of 318 participating students of both genders, medicine (26.4%), dentistry (25.7%), pharmacy (35.8%), and nursing (12.0%) students showed satisfactory practice (51.8%) and perception (77.3%) of toothbrush selection, maintenance, and replacement. A significant difference (p = 0.000) in attitude was observed across the different disciplines. The study group demonstrated a satisfactory level of understanding regarding the selection, maintenance and replacement of toothbrush to ensure oral care and hygiene. Educating the health sciences students during their undergraduate studies with more general health topics such as oral hygiene is of utmost need, and community engagements, interdisciplinary learning approaches and curriculum updates can help to achieve this. This study draws the attention for the inclusion of health-related topics in the curriculum that may impact on community health and education. How to cite this article: Bhongade BA, Ali AA, Makade CS, et al. A Comparative Study of Practice, Perception, and Attitude of Undergraduate Healthcare Students towards Toothbrush Selection, Maintenance and Replacement in RAS Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):974-980.

Labour Protection And Civil Pilots In China: Training Cost In The Legal Swamp

In China, termination of pilot employment has raised many arguments revolving around the training repayment. When pilots resign from their jobs or are fired, airlines generally claim compensation for the training cost. Questions arising in lawsuits can generally be divided into several categories: repayment window, repayment amount, statutory exemptions, and unfair discharge. The incoherent interpretation of the Chinese Labour Contract Law and the Pilot Movement Directive has led to controversies in civil proceedings. Furthermore, training repayment by pilots contributes to regulatory concerns about aviation safety, fair competition, the right to quit, and contractual unconscionability. This article addresses to what extent current Chinese law recognizes training repayment by civil pilots. Through the case study of Chinese judicial decisions and the comparative study of practices in the United States and the European Union, this article concludes with discussions on a viable way forward. China, labour protection, civil pilots, training cost, repayment obligation

P19 Direct observational study of infusion errors associated with smart-pump technology in paediatric intensive care

AimsProcesses for delivery of high-risk infusions in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are complex. Standard concentration infusions (SCIs), smart-pumps and electronic prescribing are recommended medication error reduction strategies.1 2 Implementation rates are low in Irish and UK hospitals.2 3 Since 2012, the PICU of an Irish tertiary paediatric hospital has been using a smart-pump SCI library, interfaced with electronic infusion orders (Philips ICCA®). The incidence of infusion errors is unknown. This study aims to determine the frequency, severity and distribution of smart-pump infusion errors and to identify contributory factors to the occurrence of infusion errors.MethodsProgrammed infusions are directly observed at the bedside. Parameters are compared against medication orders and auto-populated infusion data. Identified deviations are categorised as either medication errors or discrepancies. Five opportunities for error (OEs) were identified: programming, administration, documentation, assignment, data transfer. Error rates (%) are calculated as: infusions with errors; and errors per OE. Pre-defined definitions, multi-disciplinary consensus and grading processes are employed.ResultsA total of 1023 infusions for 175 patients were directly observed on 27 days between February and September 2017. 74% of patients were under 1 year, 32% under 1 month. The drug-library accommodated 96.5% of all infusions. Compliance with the drug-library was 98.9%. 55 infusions had ≥ 1 error (5.4%); a further 67 (6.3%) had ≥ 1 discrepancy. From a total of 4997 OEs, 72 errors (1.4%) and 107 discrepancies (2.1%) were observed. Documentation errors were most common; programming errors were rare (0.32% OE). Errors are minor, with just one requiring minimal intervention to prevent harm.ConclusionThis study has highlighted the benefits of smart-pumps and auto-populated infusion data in the PICU setting. Identified error rates are low compared to similar studies.4 The findings will contribute to the limited existing knowledge base on impact of these interventions on paediatric infusion administration errors.ReferencesInstitute for Safe Medication Practices, ISMP. 2018–2019 Targeted medication safety best practices for hospitals2018 [Available from: http://www.ismp.org/tools/bestpractices/TMSBP-for-Hospitalsv2.pdf [Accessed: June 2019]Oskarsdottir T, Harris D, Sutherland A, et al. A national scoping survey of standard infusions in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units in the United Kingdom. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018;70:1324–1331.Howlett M, Curtin M, Doherty D, Gleeson P, Sheerin M, Breatnach C. Paediatric standardised concentration infusions – A national solution. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101:e2.Blandford A, Dykes PC, Franklin BD, et al. Intravenous Infusion Administration: A comparative study of practices and errors between the United States and England and their Implications for patient safety. Drug Saf. 2019;42:1157–1165

Corporate Disclosure of Intangibles: A Comparative Study of Practices among Indian, US, and Japanese Companies

Today, the methods which create value for companies have undergone a sea change. In the new globalized economy, when companies have edge to edge competition, the intangibles like strategies, brands, market leadership, management policies, etc., play a major role in creating value for a company. Very few intangibles are covered under the mandatory rules and regulations of accounting all over the world. Despite these regulatory limitations, an increasing number of companies are voluntarily opting to include information in their list of intangibles in the notes to their annual accounts or as an appendix in a narrative form. The narrative reporting on intangibles has not yet been regularized by various accounting authorities, but to have competitive edge in the market, a number of companies are voluntarily disclosing information on intangibles in their business review section along with the mandatory information on intangibles in the financial accounts. This study examined and compared the various disclosure practices of intangibles of the top one hundred Indian, US, and Japanese companies for a period of five years, i.e., 2001–2005. The study examined the type and extent of information on intangibles being disclosed by the companies with the help of a disclosure Index. The index of disclosure of intangibles used in this paper consisted of an extensive list of 180 items, including both mandatory as well as voluntary disclosure items. This study reveals that the countries under study, i.e., India, US, and Japan, have shown a significant improvement in their overall disclosure scores over the five year period. The Japanese companies have shown the maximum improvement of 59 per cent in the overall disclosure scores over five year period, followed by US (42 %) and Indian companies (31%). Secondly, ‘IPRS and goodwill and other intangibles’ group showed maximum increase in five years by the sample companies of all the three countries under study. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that Indian companies need to improve their disclosure practices in the areas of ‘strategy and competition’ and ‘market and customer’. Secondly, the accounting authorities should endeavour to regularize the narrative reporting on intangibles. A number of organizations are working to improve disclosure of non-financial items. Some of them are International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and European Commission (EC).

Evaluating prior scholarship in literature reviews of research articles: A comparative study of practices in two research paradigms

Evaluations of prior scholarship play a crucial role in the literature review (LR) of a research article by showing how the boundary of an area of inquiry can be further advanced by the writer’s work. Yet, many inexperienced writers find evaluating others’ work a major challenge. Although the task has received some attention in research and writing manuals, advice given tends to be rather general, often with little distinction made of practices followed in different paradigms. This gap could have resulted from the scarcity of empirical work in this regard. Motivated by both these gaps, this study examines how researchers in two paradigms evaluate others’ work in LRs. LRs of 80 articles were collected from four journals of Information Systems. Forty of the articles were drawn from two journals that follow a strong behavioural science research paradigm while the other 40 were from two journals that show a strong design science research paradigm. Evaluations in the LRs were analyzed based on a conceptual framework developed from the CARS model (Swales, 1990) and the work on academic evaluations in Hunston (1993a, 1993b) and Hunston and Thompson (2000). The analysis aims to characterize and compare (a) the major types of evaluation acts performed by writers in the two research domains, (b) the entities that they evaluate and (c) the value parameters they employ. Results show marked cross-domain differences in the three areas. This article will discuss how the findings and the integrated conceptual framework can inform teaching of evaluations in LRs.

Contracting out food and beverage operations in hotels: a comparative study of practice in north America and the United Kingdom

This paper addresses one of the most significant changes that is taking place with respect to the food and beverage area in hotels, that of contracting out operations to external operators, whether individual restaurateurs or branded restaurant chain names. This development is widely regretted by many traditionalists but represents a reality in north America and, increasingly, in the United Kingdom as well. This paper considers the current situation in north America and the UK and reports the findings of a survey of individual hoteliers and corporate interests in both localities. The survey sought information on current attitudes to contracting out within the hotel industry and mixed responses are reported here. What can be reported with some confidence is that this practice will continue to grow in both locations.

The Election Watchers: Aei's "At the Polls" Volumes On Europe

Britain at the Polls: The Parliamentary Elections of 1974. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1975. 256 pp. $7.75 paper. Britain at the Polls, 1979: A Study of the General Election. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1981. 345 pp. $16.25 cloth; $8.25 paper. Britain Says Yes: The 1975 Referendum on the Common Market. By Anthony King. 1977. 153 pp. $6.25 paper. France at the Polls: The Presidential Election of 1974. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1975. 324 pp. $8.25 paper. The French National Assembly Elections of 1978. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1980. 255 pp. $7.25 paper. Germany at the Polls: The Bundestag Election of 1976. Edited by Karl H. Cerny. 1978. 251 pp. $7.25 paper. Greece at the Polls: The National Elections of 1974 and 1977. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1981. 220 pp. $7.25 paper. Ireland at the Polls: The Dial Elections of 1 977. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1978. 199 pp. $6.25 paper. Italy at the Polls: The Parliamentary Elections of 1976. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1977. 386 pp. $8.25 paper. Italy at the Polls, 1979: A Study of the Parliamentary Elections. Edited by Howard R. Penniman. 1981. 335 pp. $16.25 cloth; $8.25 paper. Scandinavia at the Polls: Recent Political Trends in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Edited by Karl H. Cerny. 1977. 304 pp. $8.25 paper. Democracy at the Polls: A Comparative Study of Competitive National Elections. Edited by David Butler, Howard R. Penniman, and Austin Ranney. 1981. 367 pp. $6.25 cloth; $8.25 paper. Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory. Edited by David Butler and Austin Ranney. 1978. 250 pp. $8.25 paper. The Referendum Device. Edited by Austin Ranney. 1981. 191 pp. $14.25 cloth; $6.25 paper. British Political Finance 1830-1980. By Michael Pinto-Duschinsky. 1981. 339 pp. $17.95 cloth; $10.50 paper.

Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory. Edited by David Butler and Austin Ranney. (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Policy Research, 1978. Pp. 250. $4.75, paper.)

Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory. Edited by David Butler and Austin Ranney. (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Policy Research, 1978. Pp. 250. $4.75, paper.)

Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory, by Austin Ranney and David Butler

Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory, <i>by Austin Ranney and David Butler</i>

Book Notes

Book Reveiwed in this articleTeaching Policy Studies: What and How William D. Coplin (ed.)Training in Public Administration: A Directory of Commonwealth Resources Commonwealth SecretariatBritain 1979: An Official Handbook Central Office of Information, HMSOBritish Government and Politics F. Randall.Public Administration Michael P. Barber.Local Government Michael P. Barber.What is Governing? Purpose and Policy in Washington Richard Rose.People and Agencies Bernard Schaffer and Elizabeth O'Keefe.Ombudsmen Around the World: A Comparative Chart Kent M. Weeks.Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory David Butler and Austin Ranney (editors)Political Corruption in America George C. S. Benson.The New American Political System Anthony King (ed.).The Politics of the Firm Leonard Tivey. Government and Administration Series. Martin RobertsonGuidelines for a Local Employment Study Barrie Needham.The BGA Guide to Business Schools Roger Frost (compiler).Choosing and Managing Information Systems for Public Administration Graeme Norris and Wallace Ewart.The Effective University: A Management by Objectives Approach Graeme Norris and Wallace Ewart.

The initiative and referendum: How California has fared

National Civic ReviewVolume 68, Issue 2 p. 69-84 Article The initiative and referendum: How California has fared Eugene C. Lee, Eugene C. Lee is professor of political science and director of the Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley. This address, given at the 84th National Conference on Government in Louisville, was drawn from a chapter, “California in Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory,” edited by David Butler and Austin Ranney (American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research), Washington, DC, 1978.Search for more papers by this author Eugene C. Lee, Eugene C. Lee is professor of political science and director of the Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley. This address, given at the 84th National Conference on Government in Louisville, was drawn from a chapter, “California in Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory,” edited by David Butler and Austin Ranney (American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research), Washington, DC, 1978.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100680203Citations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume68, Issue2February 1979Pages 69-84 RelatedInformation

Business Associations and the Financing of Political Parties: A Comparative Study of Practices in Germany, Norway and Japan.

Business Associations and the Financing of Political Parties: A Comparative Study of Practices in Germany, Norway and Japan.