Comparative Study Of American Research Articles

Prevalence estimates of depression in elderly community-dwelling African Americans in Indianapolis and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria

This is a community-based longitudinal epidemiological comparative study of elderly African Americans in Indianapolis and elderly Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria. A two-stage study was designed in which community-based individuals were first screened using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. The second stage was a full clinical assessment, which included use of the Geriatric Depression Scale, of a smaller sub-sample of individuals selected on the basis of their performance in the screening interview. Prevalence of depression was estimated using sampling weights according to the sampling stratification scheme for clinical assessment. Some 2627 individuals were evaluated at the first stage in Indianapolis and 2806 in Ibadan. All were aged 69 years and over. Of these, 451 (17.2%) underwent clinical assessment in Indianapolis, while 605 (21.6%) were assessed in Ibadan. The prevalence estimates of both mild and severe depression were similar for the two sites (p=0.1273 and p=0.7093): 12.3% (mild depression) and 2.2% (severe depression) in Indianapolis and 19.8% and 1.6% respectively in Ibadan. Some differences were identified in association with demographic characteristics; for example, Ibadan men had a significantly higher prevalence of mild depression than Indianapolis men (p<0.0001). Poor cognitive performance was associated with significantly higher rates of depression in Yoruba (p=0.0039). Prevalence of depression was similar for elderly African Americans and Yoruba despite considerable socioeconomic and cultural differences between these populations.

How Face Influences Consumption - A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Consumers

East Asia is fast becoming the world’s largest brand-name luxury goods market. This study develops the concept of face and face consumption to explain why Asian consumers possess strong appetites for luxury products despite their relatively low income. This paper distinguishes the concept of face from a closely related construct, prestige, and examines the influence of face on consumer behaviours in the United States and China. Due to the heavy influence of face, Asian consumers believe they must purchase luxury products to enhance, maintain or save face. Accordingly, face consumption has three unique characteristics: conformity, distinctiveness and other-orientation. The results of a cross-cultural survey support the existence of these three subdimensions and show that Chinese consumers are more likely to be influenced by their reference groups than are American consumers. Furthermore, they tend to relate product brands and price to face more heavily than do their US counterparts. In addition, Chinese consumers are more likely to consider the prestige of the products in other-oriented consumption than are their American counterparts.

Remembering the Historical Present

471 Unless otherwise noted, all translations are my own. I had the benefit of reading versions of this paper at a number of institutions, and I wish to record the help I received at the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, the New School for Social Research, Waseda University (Tokyo), and the University of Washington. I also want to thank Kristin Ross, Carol Gluck, and Hyun Ok Park for commenting on earlier revisions of the manuscript. Remembering the Historical Present

Individualism/Collectivism and Attitudes towards Human Resource Systems: A Comparative Study of American, Irish, and Indian MBA Students

In this study, we collected data from one-hundred-and eight MBA Students from the USA, Ireland, and India on their individualism/collectivism (IC) orientations and their preferences for human resource management (HRM)practices. Countrary to expectations, the Indian sample tended to be more individualistic than the American or Irish sample. While there were no differences on the preferences for progressive HRM practices across sample, the Americans exhibited a greater preference for paternalistic practices than the Indians and the Irish. Further, the Americans also showed a greater preference for quality in rewards than the Irish and fairness in appraisals/rewards than the Indians. At the individual level, controling for nationality, age, and gender, a higher individualism on the supermacy of group goals and self-reliance dimensions were positevly related to progressive HRM practices. A higher individualism on supremacy of group goals was also positively related to procedural fairness in appraisals/rewards and negatively related to paternalistic HRM practices. A higher preference to work alone was negatively related to progressive HRM practices. Further a higher indvidualism on supermacy of group interest dimension was negatively related to progressive HRM practices and positively related to paternalistic HRM practices. Implications are discussed.

Who Are Indigenes? A Comparative Study of Canadian and American Practices

There are currently hundreds of groups in the United States and Canada that clamor for state-to-state recognition by the federal governments as bona fide Indigenous peoples. This comparative study of American and Canadian policy and practice toward these nonrecognized communities is set in a historical perspective, focusing on legislation, administrative policy, and legal judgments that affect conceptualizations of Indigenes. This article argues that differences in these policies arise from divergences in national understandings regarding who Indigenous peoples are and how they can be administered and costs suppressed. The author contrasts the ways in which a formal and elaborate U.S. bureaucracy assesses candidate communities for recognition by applying flawed legal tests with a Canadian practice that largely overlooks the issue of nonrecognized communities.

Book Review: A Companion to 20th-Century America

(2006). Book Review: A Companion to 20th-Century America. Comparative American Studies An International Journal: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 475-477.

Cross-Cultural Differences in Motivations and Perceived Interactivity: A Comparative Study of American and Korean Internet Users

The purpose of this study was to examine cultural differences in motivations for using the Internet and consumers' interactivity on a website. Cultural context was used to explain cultural differences in motivations and interactivity between South Korea and the United States. The results showed that subjects from the low context culture had a higher degree of information and convenience motivation and perceived a higher degree of human-message interaction, while subjects from the high context culture had a higher degree of social interaction motivation and human-human interaction.

From Science to Industry?Karl Grandin;, Nina Wormbs;, Sven Widmalm (Editors). The Science–Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications. (Nobel Symposium, 123.) xvii + 457 pp., illus., index. Sagamore Beach, Mass.: Science History Publications, 2005. $54.95 (cloth).

Previous articleNext article No AccessEssay ReviewsFrom Science to Industry? Flaws in the Linear Model Karl Grandin;, Nina Wormbs;, Sven Widmalm (Editors). The Science–Industry Nexus: History, Policy, Implications. (Nobel Symposium, 123.) xvii + 457 pp., illus., index. Sagamore Beach, Mass.: Science History Publications, 2005. $54.95 (cloth).David E. NyeDavid E. Nye*School of Comparative American Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 97, Number 3September 2006 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/508097 Views: 32Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref © 2006 by The History of Science Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:David Foord Fitting places in knowledge translation: Biomedical innovation in healthcare practice, Health Policy 125, no.1010 (Oct 2021): 1330–1339.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.08.007

Rethinking Canadian and American Nationality: Indigeneity and the 49th Parallel in Thomas King

In a recent issue of Comparative American Studies devoted to redressing “Canadianists’ withdrawal from hemispheric conversations” (Adams and Casteel 5), the guest editors argue that “the past two decades have been marked by a growing recognition of the artificiality of assuming a purely national approach” to humanities scholarship (7). While the interdisciplinary field of “border studies,” which focused primarily on the Mexican–US border, 1 is an important precursor, hemispheric studies has supplanted this interest in national dividing lines with a more “transnational” (6) comparative orientation, one that attends to “contact zones across the Americas” (10; emphasis added), and thus one that must attend to the Canadian–US as well as Mexican–US borders. In so doing, the field of hemispheric studies raises new and important questions about what might constitute “identity, citizenship, and belonging” (12) within and beyond the borders of the nation-states that constitute the Americas. This article takes heed of the call to “broaden the mandate of inter-American studies beyond a mere refashioning or rehabilitation of US American studies” (7) by turning to the work of a Native and Canadian writer, Thomas King, whose fictional accounts of the diverse experiences of aboriginal peoples highlight the complex role of Canada as well as the US in upholding the borders that delimit the identity and belonging of indigenous peoples.

Reflections on the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Publication of White Supremacy

The author recounts the development of his interest in comparing U.S. and South African histories, and how a preliminary conference presentation in 1972 eventually expanded to become White Supremacy: A Comparative Study of American and South African History (1981). He addresses criticisms of the work and concludes with thoughts on the state of comparative studies today.

Introduction to critical perspectives and emerging models of inter-American studies

(2005). Introduction to critical perspectives and emerging models of inter-American studies. Comparative American Studies An International Journal: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 387-391.

Rethinking Latino/a and Latin American studies

Reflections on the Latino/a experience with regard to both US hegemonic and Latin American cultures engage in theoretical considerations of great relevance to the study of inter-American relations. These books approach the subject from two different perspectives. Critical Latin American and Latino Studies, an essay collection edited by Juan Poblete, analyzes the current situation of Latino and Latin American studies in the US and the overall significance of the growing connections between the two fields. Debra Castillo’s monograph, Redreaming America: Toward a Bilingual American Culture, examines literary works written in Spanish, English, and Spanglish, by authors situated between Latin America and the United States, who write about the conflicts created by contact between the two cultures. Both books reflect on the meaning of assuming a transnational perspective when definitions of national paradigms are such an important part of the discussion. While Poblete’s collection provides an overview of the debates in this area, with essays by well-known scholars, Castillo’s book studies narratives and stereotypes, in order to address the exchange of languages, behaviors, traditions and peoples that takes place in the United States with regard to Latin America. In his introduction to Critical Latin American and Latino Studies, Poblete discusses the separation between Latino and Latin American Comparative American Studies

External Association

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Alvin Jackson, ‘Ireland, the Union, and the Empire, 1800–1960’, in Ireland and the British Empire, eds Kevin Kenny and Roger Louis, Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004, p 123. 2. Jane H Ohlmeyer, ‘A Laboratory for Empire? Early Modern Ireland and English Imperialism’, in Ireland and the British Empire, eds Kevin Kenny and Roger Louis, ibid, pp 28–9. 3. Alvin Jackson, op cit, p 126. 4. Joe Cleary, ‘Misplaced Ideas? Colonialism, Location and Dislocation in Irish Studies’, in Ireland and Postcolonial Theory, eds Clare Carroll and Patricia King, Cork University Press, Cork, 2003, p 17. 5. Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, Fontana Press, London, 1992, p 247. 6. Seamus Deane, Strange Country: Modernity and Nationhood in Ireland since 1790, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997, p 183. 7. In particular see Gibbons’s Transformations in Irish Culture, Cork University Press, Cork, 1996; Edmund Burke and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003; David Lloyd, Anomalous States: Irish Writing and the Post‐colonial Moment, Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1993; Ireland After History, Cork University Press, Cork, 1999 and Kevin Whelan, The Tree of Liberty: Radicalism, Catholicism and the Construction of Irish Identity, Cork University Press, Cork, 1996. 8. R F Foster, ‘Lifting the Blarney Stone that Held Down History: An interview by Sean Coughlan’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 19 October, 2001, pp 20–1. Elsewhere Foster has unilaterally dismissed the rendition of Irish history through the tropes of postcolonial theory as ‘a simplistic application of Frantz Fanon’s One Big Idea to an Irish situation sweepingly redefined as “post‐colonial”’, R F Foster, The Irish Story: Telling Tales and Making it up in Ireland, Allen Lane, London, 2001, p 20. 9. Edna Longley, The Living Stream: Literature and Revisionism in Ireland, Bloodaxe Books, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, 1994, p 30. For a particularly virulent assault on the legitimacy of Irish postcolonial studies see Stephen Howe, Ireland Empire: Colonial Legacies in Irish History, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000. 10. Edna Longley, ibid, p 28. 11. Liam Kennedy, ‘Modern Ireland: Post‐Colonial Society or Post‐Colonial Pretensions?’, The Irish Review, Volume 13, 1993, pp 13, 119. 12. Stephen Howe, op cit, p 110. 13. Joe Cleary, op cit, p 29. See also D K Fieldhouse, The West And The Third World: Trade, Colonialism, Dependence And Development, Malden, MA and Blackwell, Oxford, 1999; and George M Fredrickson, White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American and South African History, New York, Oxford University Press, 1981. 14. Neil Lazarus, ‘Academic Capital and Canon Formation in Postcolonial Studies’, unpublished version of the essay, 2002, p 1. 15. Colin Graham, Deconstructing Ireland: Identity, Theory, Culture, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2001, p 110. 16. Colin Graham, ‘Subalternity and Gender: Problems of post‐colonial Irishness’, Journal of Gender Studies: Special Issue: Gender and Post‐Colonialism, 1996, 5:3, p 368. 17. Richard Kirkland, ‘Questioning the Frame: Hybridity, Ireland, and the Institution’, in Ireland and Cultural Theory: The Mechanics of Authenticity, eds Colin Graham and Richard Kirkland, MacMillan Basingstoke, 1999, pp 225–6. 18. Robert J C Young, Postcolonialism: A Historical Introduction, Blackwell, Oxford, 2001, p 302.

Introduction to 'de-Americanizing the global': Cultural studies interventions from Asia and the Pacific

(2005). Introduction to 'de-Americanizing the global': Cultural studies interventions from Asia and the Pacific. Comparative American Studies An International Journal: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 251-265.

Book Review: Colored Pictures: Race and Visual Representation

"Book Review: Colored Pictures: Race and Visual Representation." Comparative American Studies An International Journal, 3(3), pp. 379–380

Individualism/collectivism and attitudes towards human resource systems: a comparative study of American, Irish and Indian MBA students

In this study, we collected data from 180 MBA students from the USA, Ireland and India on their individualism/collectivism (IC) orientations and their preferences for human resource management (HRM) practices. Contrary to expectations, the Indian sample tended to be more individualistic than the American or Irish sample. While there were no differences on the preferences for progressive HRM practices across sample, the Americans exhibited a greater preference for paternalistic practices than the Indians and the Irish. Further, the Americans also showed a greater preference for equality in rewards than the Irish and fairness in appraisals/rewards than the Indians. At the individual level, controlling for nationality, age and gender, higher individualism scores on the supremacy of individual goals and self-reliance dimensions were positively related to progressive HRM practices. Higher individualism on supremacy of individual goals was also positively related to procedural fairness in appraisals/rewards and negatively related to paternalistic HRM practices. A higher preference for working alone was negatively related to progressive HRM practices. Further, higher individualism on the supremacy of individual interest dimension was negatively related to progressive HRM practices and positively related to paternalistic HRM practices. Implications are discussed.

American Studies in India: a retrospect

This article was prompted by John Muthyala's piece in Comparative American Studies entitled ' "America" in Transit: The Heresies of American Studies Abroad' (2003). However, it is not simply a response; it attempts to plug certain gaps in the earlier article and draw attention to a few factual details essential for a proper understanding of the growth and evolution of American Studies in India. During the years when funds from the US government were in ample supply, the discipline flourished in Indian universities. Following the cessation of fiscal support, it has been languishing, but by no means is it dead: committed scholars continue to work in American Studies and a lot of academic activity still takes place. The present article begins with the historical background and the earliest exchanges between India and the USA; it concludes with reference to the scenario now, in 2004, which may not be too bright but is certainly not without hope.

P2-380 Cognitive function and social involvement in the longitudinal comparative study of elderly African Americans and Yoruba

P2-380 Cognitive function and social involvement in the longitudinal comparative study of elderly African Americans and Yoruba

Theorizing the hemisphere Inter-Americas work at the intersection of American, Canadian, and Latin American studies

This article advocates an 'inter-Americas studies' perspective that bridges the institutionalized fields of American, Canadian, and Latin American studies, which have traditionally provided separate means for studying the hemisphere. Since they encompass comparative orientations, Canadian and Latin American studies in particular have the potential to move existing work on the hemisphere beyond the currently dominant post-national assumptions of American studies. Our discussion of Canadian and Latin American studies emphasizes the different usage and degree of importance ascribed to critical terms like ethnicity, post-coloniality, post-nationality, and globalization. We argue that inter-Americas studies scholars will need to pay special attention to historically divergent forms of nation-state formation and intellectual analyses of nationalism in the Americas to arrive at more nuanced theories of continuing US domination in the hemisphere under conditions of globalization.

Introduction: American Literary Globalism?

From Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature ... , 3rd ed., vol. 7 (Edinburgh: A. Bell and C. MacFarquhar, 1797), 656. Courtesy of Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections; Washington State University. INTRODUCTION American Literary Globalism? LAWRENCE BUELL So just what is this space we are calling "Arneriean literary globalism."? As the push to internationalize Am.erican literary and cultural studies has intensified, the agendas seem. to blur together, and all the m.ore so when the occasions are sym.posia rather than single-authored interventions. The sam.e year of the 2003 Yale conference at which draft versions of m.ost of the following essays were presented saw the birth of the new journal Comparative American Studies, avowedly in response to "a widely perceived need within the academ.ic com.m.unity to reposition the study of America hem.ispherically and internationally ." Earlier that sam.e year, PMLA featured a special issue titled "Am.erica: The Idea, the Literature," whose editor insists on the necessity of "a com.parative and relational refocusing of Am.erica in the larger world context" if Americanists "are to be anything lnore than sym.ptom.atic: echoes ofAm.erica's official, nationalist m.ythology. "I Indeed a num.ber ofthe contributors to both projects, and this one as well, have been calling for years for a "postnational" or "post--Am.erican" studies. Since Septem.ber II, 2001, these calls have increased in reaction to the resurgence of nationalism. and unilateralism. in the United States, not only at the federal level but also at the grassroots. But opposition to governm.ental policy and the perceived tide of national feeling is by no m.eans their only m.otive . Behind the push for the study ofAmerica to proceed m.ore post- or internationally are other convictions too: that nation -specific inquiry is increasingly problem.atic in an age of ESQ ! v. 50 !lST-3RD QUARTERS! 2004 1 LAWRENCE BUELL increasing international entanglements; that AInerican studies ' traditional nation-focusedness has uncritically reinforced a posture of U.S. exceptionalism even and indeed perhaps especially when dissent from mainstream AInerican values has been basic to the critical orientation; and that Axnerican studies has been monopolized by NorthAInerican and particularly U.S.-based specialists. These are least are some of the motives. I don't pretend to supply a complete list. Meanwhile, this energy on behalfofmovingAInerican studies away from a single-nation focus has produced a great deal of confusion and internal bickering as well as broad assent. Even the most basic terms are in dispute, as seen especially in the debates within the AInerican Studies Association about whether to change its name, and if so to what.2 When it comes to thinking more specifically about how "the culture of the United States is positioned within a framework ofbroader global affairs": although this gathering takes "globalism" as its umbrella term, it's clear that some find "the discourse of globalization " too "vague and hypothetical," preferring what is claimed to be the greater specificity of "transnationalism," naming "various points of intersection, whether actual border territories or other kinds of disputed dornain, where cultural conflict is lived out experientially." Yet the essay in the same collection that im.mediately follows the one just quoted objects that "transnational" is in some contexts employed "to cross national borders intellectually and abstractly without disturbing them"-and proposes the more deliberately paradoxical "postnational" as a better rubric for the "'utopian" project of getting beyond the confines of the national.3 Altogether, a handful of ornnibus terms are in play, each ofwhich is ITlade to bear variously interpreted sets of connotations that threaten to produce more noise and static than clarification, and none of which is likely to win acceptance as canonical. And understandably . After all, canonicity is part of what this criticism is trying to get beyond. Under such circumstances it seems rnore than ordinarily important to resist the chronic temptation of introductory salvos to engage in manifesto discourse. The temptation is all the harder to resist given that the tide of critical energy in this area 2 AMERICAN UTERARY GLOBAUSM? is so obviously on the rise. But wrangling over what already contested...