Comparative Primate Biology Research Articles

Homoplasy and adaptation in the atelid postcranium.

Homoplasy is a ubiquitous phenomenon in phylogenetic investigations, but it is rarely investigated on its own. As a case study in the pattern and basis of homoplasy in primates, the atelid postcranium is discussed here. Characters available from Ford's ([1986] in Erwin J, Swindler DR, eds: Comparative Primate Biology I: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy (New York: Alan R. Liss), p 73-135; [1994] in Fleagle JG, Kay RF, eds: Anthropoid Origins (New York: Plenum Press), p 595-674) analyses of New World monkeys are mapped onto alternative phylogenetic trees for the family Atelidae to contrast patterns of character evolution and to develop explanatory hypotheses for differences in the trees. In an unrooted phylogenetic network, pitheciines do not group together because those pitheciines that routinely adopt hind limb suspensory postures (Chiropotes, Cacajao) share traits with atelines. Ford's (1986) work on phylogeny has shown that these traits are homoplastic and also identified potential synapomorphies of a clade comprised of modern pitheciins and atelines. However, following that work, congruence between studies of craniodental and molecular data suggested a still broader definition of atelids (including Callicebus and Cebupithecia), and in this case only one trait may define atelids, and several traits arise in parallel. The homoplastic characters in this phylogeny suggest that the phylogenetic signal in this set of postcranial data is overwhelmed by parallel adaptations to the use of climbing behaviors in all of Ford's atelids and suspensory postures in a more restricted set of taxa. These parallelisms probably indicate a bias of selective pressures in the South American environment, especially given the frequent, independent evolution of suspensory mammals there. This highlights the fact that homoplasy can be a dominant source of similarity in data partitions strongly influenced by a particular behavioral regime, in this case positional behavior.

Biology, behavior, and evolution

Swindler, Daris R., and J. Erwin, eds. Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1986. v + 820 pp. including photographs, tables, illustrations, chapter references, and taxonomic, author, and subject indices. $190.00 cloth. Mitchell, G., and J. Erwin, eds. Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 2A: Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1987. v + 633 pp. including photographs, tables, chapter references, and taxonomic, author, and subject indices. $150.00 cloth. Dukelow, W. Richard, and J. Erwin, eds. Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 3: Reproduction and Development. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1986. v + 497 pp. including chapter references, tables, and taxonomic, author, and subject indices. $120.00 cloth.

: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 2, Part B: Behavior, Cognition, and Motivation . G. Mitchell, J. Erwin.

: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 2, Part B: Behavior, Cognition, and Motivation . G. Mitchell, J. Erwin.

Comparative primate biology, volume 1: Systematics, evolution, and anatomy. Edited by Daris R. Swindler and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xvi + 820 pp., figures, tables, author index, subject index. $190.00 (cloth)

Comparative primate biology, volume 1: Systematics, evolution, and anatomy. Edited by Daris R. Swindler and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xvi + 820 pp., figures, tables, author index, subject index. $190.00 (cloth)

Reproduction and development: Volume 3. Comparative primate biology

Reproduction and development: Volume 3. Comparative primate biology

Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 2, Part B: Behavior, Cognition, and Motivation.G. Mitchell , J. Erwin

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksComparative Primate Biology. Volume 2, Part B: Behavior, Cognition, and Motivation. G. Mitchell , J. Erwin Herbert L. RoitblatHerbert L. Roitblat Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 64, Number 3Sep., 1989 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/416436 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1989 The Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Extrinsic determinants of retinal ganglion cell development in primates.

As in all mammals studied to date, primate retina contains morphologically distinct classes of retinal ganglion cells (Polyak: The Retina. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, '41; Boycott and Dowling: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.] 225:109-184, '69; Leventhal et al.: Science 213:1139-1142, '81; Perry et al.: Neuroscience 12:1101-1123, '84; Rodieck et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 233:115-132, '85; Rodieck: In H.D. Steklis and J. Erwin (eds): Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 4: Neurosciences. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 203-278, '88). We have now studied the morphologies, central projections, and retinal distributions of the major morphological classes of ganglion cells in the normal adult monkey, the newborn monkey, and the adult monkey in which restricted regions of retina were depleted of ganglion cells at birth as a result of small lesions made around the perimeter of the optic disc. Both old-world (Macaca fascicularis) and new-world (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys were studied. Our results indicate that, at birth, the major morphological classes of monkey retinal ganglion cells are recognizable; cells in central regions are close to adult size whereas cells in peripheral regions are much smaller than in the adult. As in the adult (Stone et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 150:333-348, '73), in newborn monkeys there is a very sharp division between ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells (nasotemporal division). Consistent with earlier work (Hendrickson and Kupfer: Invest. Ophthalmol. 15:746-756, '76) we find that the foveal pit in the neonate is immature and contains many more ganglion cells than in the adult. In the adult monkey in which the density of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina was reduced experimentally at birth, the fovea appeared immature, and an abnormally large number of retinal ganglion cells were distributed throughout the foveal pit. The cell bodies and dendritic fields of ganglion cells that developed within cell-poor regions of the central retina were nearly ten times larger than normal. In peripheral regions the effects were smaller. The dendrites of the abnormally toward the foveal pit. They did not extend preferentially into the cell-poor region as do the abnormally large cells on the borders of experimentally induced cell-poor regions of cat central retina (Leventhal et al.: J. Neurosci. 8:1485-1499, '88) or, as we found here, in paracentral regions of primate retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Comparative Primate Biology, Vol. 2, Part B: Behaviour, cognition, and motivation

Comparative Primate Biology, Vol. 2, Part B: Behaviour, cognition, and motivation

Primate neurobiology comes of age. Review of neurosciences, volume 4 of comparative primate biology, edited by Horst D. Steklis and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1988, xiii + 769 pp, $190.00

Primate neurobiology comes of age. Review of <i>neurosciences, volume 4 of comparative primate biology</i>, edited by Horst D. Steklis and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1988, xiii + 769 pp, $190.00

Comparative primate biology, Volume 2, Part A. Behavior, conservation and ecology. Edited by G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. Alan R. Liss

Comparative primate biology, Volume 2, Part A. Behavior, conservation and ecology. Edited by G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. Alan R. Liss

: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy . Daris R. Swindler, J. Erwin. ; Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 2, Part A: Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology . G. Mitchell, J. Erwin. ; Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 3: Reproduction and Development . W. Richard Dukelow, J. Erwin.

American AnthropologistVolume 90, Issue 3 p. 735-736 Biological Anthropology: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy. Daris R. Swindler and J. Erwin, eds.: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 2, Part A: Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology. G. Mitchell and J. Erwin, eds.: Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 3: Reproduction and Development. W. Richard Dukelow and J. Erwin, eds Brian T. Shea, Brian T. Shea Northwestern UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Brian T. Shea, Brian T. Shea Northwestern UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1988 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1988.90.3.02a00670AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume90, Issue3September 1988Pages 735-736 RelatedInformation

Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 1 (Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy).Daris R. Swindler , J. ErwinComparative Primate Biology. Volume 2, Part A (Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology).G. Mitchell , J. ErwinComparative Primate Biology. Volume 3 (Reproduction and Development).W. Richard Dukelow , J. Erwin

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological Books Daris R. Swindler , J. Erwin G. Mitchell , J. Erwin Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 1 (Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy). Daris R. Swindler , J. Erwin Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 2, Part A (Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology). G. Mitchell , J. Erwin Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 3 (Reproduction and Development). W. Richard Dukelow , J. Erwin Lawrence MartinLawrence Martin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 63, Number 3Sep., 1988 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/415987 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1988 Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

A window into evolutionary primate systematics. Review of Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy, edited by Daris R. Swindler and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 836 pp, $199.00

A window into evolutionary primate systematics. Review of <i>Comparative Primate Biology</i>, <i>Volume 1</i>: <i>Systematics</i>, <i>Evolution</i>, <i>and Anatomy</i>, edited by Daris R. Swindler and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 836 pp, $199.00

Biology and primatology. Review of Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 2, Part A: Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology, edited by G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 633 pp $190. 00

Biology and primatology. Review of <i>Comparative Primate Biology</i>, <i>Volume 2</i>, <i>Part A</i>: <i>Behavior</i>, <i>Conservation, and Ecology</i>, edited by G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 633 pp $190. 00

Reproduction and primatology. Review of Comparative Primate Biology, Volume 3: Reproduction and Development, edited by W. Richard Dukelow and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 497 pp, $120

Reproduction and primatology. Review of <i>Comparative Primate Biology</i>, <i>Volume 3</i>: <i>Reproduction and Development</i>, edited by W. Richard Dukelow and J. Erwin. New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986, 497 pp, $120

Comparative primate biology, Volume 3: Reproduction and development. Edited By W. R. Dukelow and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xii + 497 pp., tables, figures, indexes. $120.00 (cloth)

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 74, Issue 4 p. 541-542 Book Review Comparative primate biology, Volume 3: Reproduction and development. Edited By W. R. Dukelow and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xii + 497 pp., tables, figures, indexes. $120.00 (cloth) Richard Stouffer, Richard Stouffer Divisions of Reproductive Biology and Behavior, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OregonSearch for more papers by this author Richard Stouffer, Richard Stouffer Divisions of Reproductive Biology and Behavior, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OregonSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330740414AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume74, Issue4December 1987Pages 541-542 RelatedInformation

Part A: Comparative primate biology, Volume 2: Behavior, conservation, and ecology. Edited By G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xi + 633 pp., tables, figures, index. $150.00 (cloth)

Part A: Comparative primate biology, Volume 2: Behavior, conservation, and ecology. Edited By G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1986. xi + 633 pp., tables, figures, index. $150.00 (cloth)