Comparative Policy Analysis Research Articles

Comparative Approaches to Energy Transition: Policy Guideline for Enhancing Thailand’s Path to a Low-Carbon Economy

Thailand’s transition to a low-carbon economy faces significant challenges, including a dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuating energy costs, and limited policy clarity. This study conducts a comparative analysis of energy transition policies in Germany, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore to derive actionable lessons that can be adapted to Thailand’s socio-economic and energy contexts. Using the Integrated National Energy Planning (INEP) framework and Network Governance Theory, the research identifies key strategies, such as setting clear and achievable renewable energy targets, establishing robust legal frameworks, fostering multi-stakeholder engagement, and encouraging decentralized governance. The findings highlight the importance of long-term vision, inclusive governance, and targeted investments in renewable technologies to accelerate energy transitions. This paper presents policy guidelines to enhance Thailand’s energy security and contribute to its climate goals by promoting public awareness and strengthening institutional capacities. By adapting these strategies, Thailand can align with global energy trends, reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, and advance toward a resilient and sustainable energy system, aligned with global energy trends while addressing its unique socio-economic context.

Elderly Citizenship Experience under Different Pension Policies: A Comparative Analysis of China and Japan

Abstract: As global population structures change rapidly, the social rights and welfare of the elderly have increasingly become a focal point of societal concern. Pension policies not only address economic issues but also encompass welfare levels, social equity, citizenship rights, and identity. This paper explores the impact of different pension policies on the citizenship experience of the elderly by comparing the pension systems of China and Japan. The study is based on pension policy documents and related data from both countries and employs a comparative social policy analysis. The comparison is conducted conceptually, focusing on the scope, content, and depth of the pension policies in China and Japan, in order to reflect on the elderly's citizenship experience in both nations. The research highlights that Chinas pension policy features a single-tier structure with limited autonomy and marked urban-rural disparities, which restrict the citizenship experience of the elderly. In contrast, Japans retirement policy is characterized by mandatory participation, clear responsibilities, and a multi-tiered structure, providing broader coverage and more comprehensive social rights and a sense of identity for the elderly. However, this system also brings about noticeable class divisions.

Shades of authoritarian digital sovereignty: divergences in Russian and Chinese data localisation regimes

ABSTRACT The concept of sovereignty is now referred to in cyberspace-related policy by a range of governments, both authoritarian and democratic. At the same time, the most prominent proponents of state – or sovereignty-centric models of internet governance are Russia and China, whose positions are often characterised as a shared ‘Sino-Russian’ model. This paper subjects this idea of a shared Sino-Russian approach to empirical scrutiny by conducting a comparative analysis of rules, regulations and policies on data localisation in both countries. By delimiting the research question to regulations on data localisation and cross-border data transfers in both countries, we identify an important set of similarities and differences between the Russian and Chinese approaches. They share some features associated with authoritarian regimes, such as uncertainty around the selective enforcement of broadly formulated rules and a centralised assessment of outbound data transfers. However, we also find significant differences in the level of institutional centralisation, degrees of responsiveness within the policymaking process, and economic logics driving data localisation and cross-border transfer regulations. Based on these findings, we argue that despite a perception that Russia and China adhere to a similar model of authoritarian digital sovereignty, there are significant disparities in their data localisation regimes.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ESSENCE OF THE CONFLICTING POLICY OF THE SOVIET ERA ON WOMEN'S ISSUES IN THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN

In this article, it is emphasised that the study of the treatment of women in the history of Uzbekistan and the nature and evolution of the women's movement, women's organisations and the state of the women's movement in the present period is of urgent importance from the point of view of historiography. It is the comparative analysis of the state policy regarding the treatment of women during the period of the former Soviet Union and the years of independence that allows us to understand the colonial nature of the Soviet policy fully. The article analyses the historiography of the topic. ‎

Public Administration "Changing Paradigms of Public Administration in Facing the Global Health Crisis: Lessons from the Pandemic"

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the paradigm of public administration in dealing with the global health crisis by emphasizing the importance of multilateralism and cross-border cooperation. The government now plays the role of a facilitator that integrates health and political policies to respond more effectively. The study identifies countries with swift and transparent leadership, such as Vietnam, that are better able to respond to the pandemic, while also exposing global inequalities in low-income countries that need international support. Public administration has a crucial role in designing effective policies, providing resources, and implementing measures such as social distancing, with transparent communication to build public trust. The digitization of public services and evidence-based collaboration between governments and scientists have become important pillars in responding to people's needs. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with case studies and comparative analysis of policies in various countries. The results show that adaptation and innovation in public administration, including increasing digital literacy and community participation, are critical to building health system resilience to future crises. This research is expected to contribute to public administration theory and relevant policy recommendations to face similar challenges in the future.

A Comparative Analysis of Dance Movement Therapy Education Policy and Practice: A Case Study of the United Kingdom and Australia

This study compares the role of art therapy in addressing mental health challenges and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the United Kingdom, Australia, and China. It highlights the growing importance of art therapy in educational curricula, emphasizing its role in equipping adolescents with essential tools to navigate societal demands and reduce mental health risks. The study contrasts the status of dance therapy in these nations and aims to provide insights for improving the integration of art therapy into China’s education system.

2.I. Scientific session: Addressing vaccine hesitancy: from understanding determinants to implementing targeted strategies

Abstract Supported by NextGenerationEU (no. PE00000007) and EU4Health (VAXaction), the workshop will present a pan-European perspective on vaccine hesitancy and the effectiveness of counteracting interventions, especially when facing potentially pandemic infectious threats. Analysing human responses to epidemics is crucial to improve mathematical disease modelling and develop strategies to monitor behaviours during outbreaks, including assessing levels of vaccine hesitancy. This session will explore the multifaceted issue of vaccine hesitancy, which remains a significant barrier to achieving optimal vaccination coverage and is identified as one of the top threats to global health. By integrating theoretical frameworks with practical applications, the workshop aims to present a comprehensive overview of strategies employed to mitigate hesitancy across various demographics and regions. The first presentation will cover a thorough overview of the strategies employed to counteract vaccine hesitancy, leveraging existing infrastructure, health promotion policies, and educational initiatives. It will also explore the role of digital health tools and regulatory measures, such as health passes and nudging techniques, in enhancing vaccination uptake. Furthermore, the session will cover a systematic review of immunisation information systems (IISs) and the proposal of an innovative unvaccinated registry. This part of the workshop will delve into technological advancements and the integration of behavioural insights, which are essential for enhancing vaccine coverage and informing public health strategies. Another significant aspect of the discussion will be the evolution of vaccine mandates, from their historical roots to their contemporary applications. This discussion will reflect on policy shifts necessitated by emerging public health challenges and the need for adaptable strategies that can respond effectively to fluctuating vaccine coverage and acceptance rates. Panel discussions will feature notable experts such as Prof. Carlo Signorelli, President of the Italian NITAG, and Prof. Maria Ganczak, Vice President of the EUPHA Infectious Diseases Control section. These discussions will provide a comparative analysis of vaccination policies across different European countries, highlighting diverse approaches to mandates and the implementation of public health interventions aimed at combating vaccine hesitancy. By providing a unified approach to understanding and combating vaccine hesitancy, we aim to facilitate a critical exchange of ideas and strategies among experts in the field. It will serve as a dynamic platform for discussing evidence-based interventions tailored to specific population needs, enhancing public health outcomes across Europe. This engaging session promises to offer valuable insights into the complexities of vaccine hesitancy and the collaborative efforts required to address this global health challenge effectively. Key messages • Enhanced data collection and analysis are essential to combat vaccine hesitancy, allowing for tailored interventions that address specific community needs and barriers to vaccination. • Effective strategies against vaccine hesitancy require historical understanding and flexibility to adapt to new challenges, ensuring public health policies are responsive and culturally sensitive.

Comparative Educational Pluralism: A Framework for Comparative Policy Analysis

ABSTRACT In the face of ideologically driven inquiry and advocacy, debates about school choice and public-private-partnerships in education have produced more “light than heat.” Although scholars have recently emphasized the need for a greater focus on the particulars of policy design, limitations of existing frameworks have inhibited rigorous policy research capable of enhancing understanding of the effects of different policy designs, particularly when considering cross-national and comparative experiences. This article critically analyzes a set of prominent frameworks from the field before proposing a new Framework for Comparative Educational Pluralism that could inform a more design-sensitive and evidence-rooted approach to policy analysis and design pertaining to the role of non-state actors in education systems.

Comparative policy analysis in airport security through the lenses of the multiple-streams framework

Comparative policy analysis in airport security through the lenses of the multiple-streams framework

Organizational Strategies for Providing Foreign Language Education Services to Adults Over 45: International Practices and Approaches

Organizing educational services for people over the age of 45 is essential for their personal development, economic participation, social inclusion, and mental well-being. International and local legislation supports these initiatives, aiming to provide equitable and inclusive educational opportunities for all ages and to use the benefits of these people being fruitfully involved in the economic and social life of a country. The article aims to examine the strategies for providing educational services to adult learners (citizens over the age of 45) in different countries (European countries, the USA, Australia, China, Ukraine, Brazil, and Japan), with a focus on whether this process is integrated into social services and formal and informal education systems within the framework of the concept of lifelong learning. The methods included literature review on databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ERIC; comparative analysis of educational policy documents; case studies and reports from different nations; meta-analysis; field observations; and others typical to the field of comparative education and general education. They were utilized to provide a comprehensive and well-rounded analysis of how different countries organize and implement foreign language education services for adults over the age of 45. The findings reveal that the approaches to providing foreign language education for adults over 45 varies widely across different countries, reflecting each nation's unique historical traditions, cultural values, and current societal needs. This diversity in practice can be categorized into four main groups: services provided by social services; formal education systems; informal education systems; and self-organized services to present the prevailing approach to providing foreign language education for individuals over 45 in each country. The study concludes that the provision of foreign language learning services for individuals over 45 varies significantly across countries, reflecting diverse historical traditions, cultural attitudes, and current needs. Whether through social services, formal education systems, informal educational channels, or self-organization, each country’s approach highlights the importance of adapting educational services to meet the needs of an adult population seeking continued personal and professional growth.

Comparative Policy Analysis of Renewable Energy Expansion in Mongolia and Other Relevant Countries

The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of policies governing the expansion of renewable energy in Mongolia and selected countries. Against the backdrop of global energy transitions and Mongolia’s recent energy challenges, this research aims to identify and evaluate policy frameworks that facilitate the sustainable growth of renewable energy sources. The study delves into the unique socio-economic and geopolitical context of Mongolia, emphasizing the nation’s energy dependence on Russia. The findings of this comparative analysis provide valuable insights for Mongolian policymakers, offering recommendations for enhancing domestic policies that encourage the diversification of energy sources and attract foreign investment. By drawing on successful practices from some countries, this paper aims to contribute to the formulation of effective and context-specific strategies for Mongolia to achieve a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape.

Governance of artificial intelligence in Southeast Asia

AbstractGovernance of artificial intelligence (AI) has not achieved global participation. The primary state‐led instrument focusing specifically on the global governance of artificial intelligence is the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI). Although GPAI aims for broad international participation, the only GPAI member from Southeast Asia is Singapore. GPAI's imbalanced global participation, restrictive membership process, and limited translations are potential barriers to Southeast Asian participation. However, a comparative policy analysis suggests that GPAI members and nonmembers in Southeast Asia have AI governance policies which are largely compatible, despite key differences. This study uses quantitative topic‐modeling and qualitative content analysis to compare the AI governance policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam with the policies of Australia and Singapore, as reference GPAI members. The policies of GPAI, Australia, and Singapore emphasise the function of ethics while the policies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam emphasise the function of human capital development. State‐led, global AI governance efforts could attract more Southeast Asian participation by further emphasising human capital development and deemphasising the function of ethics. GPAI could increase the likelihood of Southeast Asian participation by decreasing its emphasis on political systems, allowing intergovernmental organisations to join, and recruiting all G20 members.

The Governance of Renewable Energy Auctions: A Multidimensional Comparative Policy Analysis

Auctions have become the most important policy instrument for promoting renewable energy (RE). This article offers a conceptual and methodological framework to grasp the variety of national RE auctions’ governance arrangements. It presents indices to systematically measure and compare key dimensions of RE auctions and electricity governance: scope of regulation, private operators’ influence, coordination, and the concentration of authority. The framework’s usefulness is demonstrated via its application to three contrasted cases – the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Morocco, showing the disruption in electricity governance patterns induced by RE auctions and the relevance of the multidimensional approach to understand policy outcomes.

Comparative Policy Analysis, Subnational Research, and Small-N Qualitative Research: Research Design Considerations

As social scientists take space seriously and engage in systematic comparisons of subnational entities within and across nations, there is a need to systematically ground comparative policy analyses (CPA) within this research program. But, when it comes to research design concerns, what are the implications of this cross-fertilization? By drawing on the literatures on the subnational research tradition and the comparative method, and connecting them to CPA, this paper addresses key practical, analytical, methodological, and data concerns in instances in which qualitative comparisons of two or more cases (i.e. small-N) are employed and subnational levels are the main units of analysis. To scale down the comparative method and apply it to subnational policy analyses, the paper provides guidance on how to design and conduct comparative subnational research within or across countries, including key lessons, best practices, and data resources.

GERMAN AND FRENCH POLICIES IN SOLVING MIGRATION PROBLEMS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

This article examines migration problems in the European Union, the programs and strategies adopted to solve them, a comparative analysis of the migration policy of Germany and France, and the approach of Germany and France in the process of securitization of migration.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТТЯ РЕГУЛЯТОРНА ПОЛІТИКА У ПЛАНУВАННІ ТА ЗАБУДОВІ МІСТА: ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

Regulatory policy in the field of urban planning and development is a key element of public administration aimed at ensuring economic stability, social welfare and sustainable development. In the conditions of globalization and intensive technological progress, effective regulation of urban planning processes is becoming more and more important for solving modern challenges. The purpose of this study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the concept of regulatory policy in urban planning and development, to study the main approaches to its implementation, as well as to determine modern trends and opportunities for adapting international experience for Ukraine. In particular, the research aims to identify effective models of regulatory policy that can be integrated into national legislation and practice to improve the management of urban development. The research uses a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific publications, comparative analysis of regulatory policies of different countries, methods of critical literature review and data synthesis. Special attention is paid to the experience of countries such as the USA, Germany and Singapore, where various approaches to the regulation of urban planning processes are used. The analysis showed that regulatory policy in urban planning and development is a multifaceted phenomenon, which includes such basic approaches as zoning, strategic spatial planning, energy efficiency, integration of transport infrastructure and active involvement of the public in the decision‒ making process. Modern trends in regulatory policy have been identified, including innovative approaches to planning, the use of digital technologies, an emphasis on sustainable development and environmental safety. A comparative analysis of the regulatory policies of the USA, Germany, and Singapore made it possible to identify effective models that can be adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. The study confirmed that an effective regulatory policy is an important prerequisite for sustainable economic development, social stability and protection of citizens' rights. Further research should focus on the integration of digital technologies into regulatory processes, improvement of control and monitoring mechanisms, which will contribute to the sustainable development of cities in Ukraine.

Migration Management in the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union: A Comparative Analysis

The article presents a comparative analysis of migration management in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU). Both common features and differences in approaches to migration management are analyzed. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the migration policies of the EAEU member states with an emphasis on identifying key problems and specific features, considering national peculiarities in the management of migration processes. The novelty lies in a comprehensive comparative analysis of the migration legislation of the EAEU member states, which has not been conducted so far. The article presents a systematization of the mechanisms used to manage migration, as well as their critical assessment in terms of effectiveness and impact on migration processes in the region. The article uses an interdisciplinary approach combining the analysis of statistical data, political and strategic documents of the participating countries. The study offers recommendations for improving interstate cooperation in the field of migration and improving the efficiency of migration management within the EAEU, as well as for developing a unified and coordinated migration policy of the Union, which is especially relevant in the context of the social dynamics of current geopolitical challenges.

Optimal Refund and Ordering Decisions for Fresh Produce E-Commerce Platform: A Comparative Analysis of Refund Policies

Optimal Refund and Ordering Decisions for Fresh Produce E-Commerce Platform: A Comparative Analysis of Refund Policies

EMPOWERING WOMEN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: (ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING NATIONS)

This research paper investigates the multifaceted Relation between Empowered women and Sustainable Development in developing nations. Through a comparative analysis of policies and practices across various countries, the study aims to elucidate the ways in which empowering women contributes to the attainment of sustainable development goals. Drawing on a diverse range of literature and empirical evidence, the paper examines the impact of women's empowerment on key areas such as economic growth, environmental sustainability, social equity, and community resilience. Additionally, the paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing women-centric policies and initiatives in different cultural, political, and socioeconomic contexts. By synthesizing insights from case studies and statistical data, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the pivotal role that women play in driving sustainable development agendas worldwide.

A comparative analysis of policies and strategies supporting district heating expansion and decarbonisation in Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – Lessons for slow adopters of district heating

This paper undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of policy challenges and opportunities for the deployment of low-carbon DH. Through literature review and complementary qualitative analysis of interviews with key institutional stakeholders in the heating sector (n= 20) of Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the UK, the paper draws some important lessons on preconditions for successful roll-out of DH. We find that more governments must create appropriate conditions, provide more support, and speed up actions to enhance the role of DH in heat decarbonisation, to educate, encourage the adoption, and involve citizens, politicians, and other key stakeholders in the heat transition to DH. Amid the current energy price crisis, slow adopters must act fast to develop low-carbon DH networks to ensure the supply of secure, sustainable, and affordable heating sources. They would have to create appropriate conditions to reduce fossil-fuel path dependence, lock-out fossil fuel-based infrastructure and lock-in the diffusion and adoption of low-carbon DH.