Comparative Literature Research Articles

Revisiting Enlightenment Universalism: 18th-Century Lessons on Nonliteral Translations and Transcultural Storytelling

A large number of transcultural fictions appeared in the 18th century, providing us with an important entry into discussing the task of comparative literature today. The 18th-century Oriental tales, stories authored by European writers that adapted from or modeled themselves after loose translations of folk tales from the East, practiced a kind of mental shapeshifting, blurring the boundaries between East and West. The same kind of cross-cultural identification is visible in many other literary narratives from the same period, indicative of a fluid, universalist politics regarding Europe’s relations with the Orient that requires reevaluation. 18th-century transcultural fictions suggest a few tactics for mediating between the necessity of establishing grounds of comparison and the need to draw distinctions. In its search for ways of breaking through the stronghold of cultural nationalism, comparative literature in its contemporary incarnation does well to rethink Enlightenment universalism as encoded in the literary landscape of 18th century Europe.

Contributions of World Literatures in Portuguese to the Academic Field

As one considers the concept of comparative world literature, one may ponder on how widening the perspective from an all-English area of studies to other languages promotes different worldviews and descriptions of the status quo. In this article, we take into consideration the perspective of literature written in Portuguese, be it European, Brazilian, African of even Asian, in order to demonstrate how rich such other points of view are for the discipline. We also engage the concept of defamiliarization (ostranenie), proposed by Russian Formalist, Viktor Shklovsky, as a central tool to consider cosmopolitanism and the dialogue between different literatures.

RUSSIAN TRANSLATION STUDIES: TO BE OR NOT TO BE AS AN ACADEMIC SCIENCE?

The paper deals with the study of the problems of Russian translation studies formation as an academic science in its theoretical and applied forms. The formation and development history of the famous linguistic translation theory (LTT), which up to the present day has been an officially recognized institutional discipline for scientific and educational activities in the Russian Federation, is traced. In today’s Russian scientific community, along with LTT, new transdisciplinary scientific, theoretical and methodological types of research in the field of translation theory and practice are actively developing. At the current historical stage of development, translation studies is interpreted as a social and humanitarian transdisciplinary science at the intersection of linguistics, cultural studies, communication theory, comparative literature, semiotics, sociology, history, as well as philosophy, hermeneutics, ethnopsycholinguistics and cognitive science, information theory and other related academic sciences and phenomena like “localization” within the framework of algo-cognitive culture. Three groups of paradigms operating in modern Russian translation theory and methodology have been identified: (a) linguistic profile, (b) cognitive profile, (c) discursive profile. Groups “b” and “c” can form the basis for the academic translation paradigm. Three types of discourses are introduced into scientific circulation. 1. Translation studies discourse, associated with academic discourse in its theoretical and didactic varieties. 2. Translation discourse which is theoretically and practically based on the first one and serves the translator as their theoretical and practical basis for generating the third type, viz. translated discourse. The last one is a resultant product addressed to the recipients’ reflection sphere. As a result, the author’s “discursive-game cognitive-hermeneutic paradigm” has been proposed as a preliminary model of the desired “academic-type translation studies paradigm”.

Literature Study of The Application of The Inquiry Learning Model Towards 21st Century Skills in Physics Subjects in High School

In the 21st century as the century of industrial revolution 4.0. demands that all components in the school, starting from the principal, teachers, education staff and students, be directed to develop their competencies on an ongoing basis. Innovation is the most important key in the industrial era 4.0 which requires educators to form their students with 21st century competencies, namely being able to think critically, creatively, collaboratively and communicatively. This research aims to determine the effect of the inquiry-based learning model on improving students’ 21st century skills in physics subjects in high school. In the current era, learning is no longer just monotonous learning but prioritizes 21st century skills, namely critical thinking skills, creative skills, communication skills and collaboration skills. This research is library research whose data comes from library sources, namely library research. This article was written using a comparative study method and content analysis. Comparative literature studies are carried out by examining bold primary literature, such as journals, research reports, activity reports, books, magazines, news media, and other sources that meet validity and reputation standards. Analysis carried out on relevant articles proves that the application of inquiry has a positive impact on student learning activities. It is known from the results of this literature study that the application of the inquiry learning model in teaching and learning activities has a positive influence on students’ 21st century skills in physics subjects in high school, namely critical thinking skills, creative skills, communication skills and collaboration skills.

DIPG-44. DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMA, H3K27-ALTERED: A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF THE NON-PONTINE TUMORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Since 2016, the WHO classification of CNS tumors groups all midline gliomas with H3K27me3 loss under the term diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27-altered. Molecular characteristics enable their sub-classification based on driver mutations, co-driver mutations and epigenetic alterations. Predominantly studied in the pons (Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, DIPG), where these are mainly pediatric tumors with a median overall survival (OS) of one year, fewer studies have been conducted on non-pontine DMG (npDMG), prompting this study to clinically and biologically characterize these gliomas and compare them with DIPG. METHODS Retrospective monocentric study from 1994 to 2022, including pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with npDMG, H327-altered with neuropathological confirmation at Sainte Anne Hospital in Paris, France. Comparative literature review of cases of npDMG and series of DIPG. RESULTS 108 patients were included (54.7% male, median age 13.05-years [2.4-59.3]). The most frequent location was monothalamic (62.9%), followed by bithalamic, spinal, cerebellar, bulbo-medullar and other. H3K27M mutation was found in 85.2% of cases, EZHIP overexpression in 14.8% and EGFR alteration (mutation and/or amplification) in 16.7%. EZHIP-overexpressing patients were younger than H3K27M-mutated patients, as were EGFR-altered patients compared to those without EGFR alteration. Along with data from the literature, npDMG are older at diagnosis and have a slightly longer median OS (15 months [0.1-247.2]) than DIPG. Positive prognosis factors upon univariate analysis included longer time from symptom onset until diagnosis, treatment with ONC201, re-irradiation upon relapse, microcalcifications, proliferative index >10%, MAP kinase alteration and absence of TP53 mutation and EGFR amplification. However, surgery quality did not impact OS. CONCLUSIONS npDMG is a heterogeneous group of gliomas, affecting all ages, which can develop in diverse locations, with an overall poor prognosis. Despite shared clinical, immuno-histochemical and molecular properties with DIPG, recent molecular biology advancements reveal distinct subtypes within DMG, with varying prognoses, challenging the unified classification.

Retrospective Analysis of Rectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection at Ordensklinikum Linz and Kepler Universitätsklinikum Linz.

Background and study aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the removal of neoplastic benign and early malignant lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we analyse the success and safety of rectal ESD at Linz hospitals, focusing on a specific endoscopist. Additionally, we examine whether there is a learning curve regarding success parameters. Methods: This retrospective study included all 102 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection of the rectum by a defined endoscopist at Ordensklinikum Hospital and Kepler University Hospital between December 2010 and May 2021. With the collected data, a descriptive statistic was carried out and regression analyses were performed. Results: The en bloc resection rate was 78.4% and the rate of lesions removed in healthy tissue was 55.6%. The average procedure time was 179 min and the complication rate was 7.8%. In total, 26.4% of cases showed carcinoma; in 25.9% of these cases, an oncologically curative resection was achieved with ESD. Follow-up data were available for 61.1% of cases, with recurrence being diagnosed in 3.6% of cases. A learning curve was observed regarding the rate of lesions removed in healthy tissue and the procedure time, but not regarding the en bloc resection rate. Conclusions: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a safe method for the removal of large rectal adenomas and early carcinomas. The en bloc resection rate of the analysed procedures is within the range of comparable European studies. The rate of lesions removed in healthy tissue is below the R0 resection rate of the comparative literature; however, a learning curve could be observed in this parameter.

Federalism, centrism, and the crisis of the Nigerian academy

ABSTRACT The article focuses on the crisis of the academy in Nigerian federalism. It begins by departing from the literature that conceptualizes the crisis of African universities in terms of state incorporation of the academy. The article draws attention to the necessity of differentiating federal polities from unitary systems and presents federations as being distinct for their assignment of university education competence to make for jurisdictional pluralism. Drawing on the fiscal and comparative federalism literatures, it traces the crisis of the academy partly to federal erasure of jurisdictional authority of the states, and partly to a fiscal regime of distributive revenue pool and the associated lack of consequences for opportunistic behaviour. It shows that the erasure of jurisdictional pluralism exposes the entire university system to adverse developments at the centre. It also shows that opportunistic behaviour weakens public institutions and undermines the capacity of the universities to deliver services.

Martin Kagel and David Z. Saltz, eds. Open Wounds: Holocaust Theater and the Legacy of George Tabori

This collection of essays fills a gap in the critical literature in English on Hungarian-German Holocaust playwright and director George Tabori. The book will be useful for scholars in theatre, German, and comparative literature departments.

Tax Fairness and Public Perception: A Comparative Literature Review

Tax Fairness and Public Perception: A Comparative Literature Review

Unpacking Reed Peggram’s Library

Reed Peggram, a queer African American doctoral student in comparative literature at Harvard University, became a member of the Shakespeare and Company lending library in 1938, when studying decadence in nineteenth-century French literature at the Sorbonne. The essay examines the items he borrowed to provide insights into his life.

Building higher value-added firm practices in challenging contexts: Formal networks and talent management in Turkey

Where do high-impact human resources management practices thrive, and how do they make a difference in environments with limited institutional support? This study delves into the realm of talent management (TM) in Turkey, where institutional coverage is incomplete and unstable. Drawing on survey data, we explore the conditions under which TM succeeds, supplementing previous research on internal networks by examining the impact of external networks that encompass the entire firm. We find that when firms have closer ties with customers, suppliers and competitors (and hence, the basis for formal network tie building), TM is more prevalent and more likely to be successful. While conventional wisdom in comparative institutional literature suggests that such dense ties might be less effective in emerging markets owing to the absence of advanced complementarities found in mature economies, our study challenges these assumptions. In the eyes of managers, TM is not merely a tool to overcome disadvantages; it is perceived as a source of opportunities. This prompts a critical question: what specific advantages does the emerging economy system confer on firms embracing TM? Our study seeks to unravel these dynamics and contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between institutional contexts and TM.

Introduction: The New Polarization in Latin America

ABSTRACT Mounting evidence suggests that Latin American democracies are characterized by politics and societies becoming more divisive, confrontational, and polarized. This process, which we define here as the “new polarization” in Latin America, seems to weaken the ability of democratic institutions to manage and resolve social and political conflicts. Although recent scholarship suggests that polarization is integral to contemporary patterns of democratic “backsliding” seen in much of the world, this new polarization in the region has not yet received systematic scholarly attention. Aiming to address this gap in the literature, the different contributions in this special issue revise the conceptualization, measurement, and theory of a multidimensional phenomenon such as polarization, including both its ideological and affective dimensions, as well as perspectives at the elite and mass levels of analysis. Findings shed light on the phenomenon of polarization as both a dependent and an independent variable, contributing to comparative literature on polarization and its relationship to democratic governance.

Flexible work arrangements in collective agreements: evidence from Spain and the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Collective labour agreements are an understudied yet key aspect of flexible work policies, which are crucial resources for workers in combining work, family and other life domains. Despite a rich comparative work-family literature on flexible work arrangements at the company and national levels, little attention has been given to those negotiated collectively. Evidence on this topic is needed because such agreements can complement low levels of provision or even compensate the absence of company or national-level arrangements, ultimately defining their access. We contribute in filling this gap by conducting a cross-sectoral comparative exploration of collectively bargained provisions of flexible work arrangements in Spain and the Netherlands. We examine the clauses of 209 agreements using unique collective bargaining data from WageIndicator (2021). The analyses illustrate two important aspects of collectively bargained ‘family-friendly’ provisions. First, how differences in national baseline legislation shape opportunity structures for collective innovation around flexible work arrangements. Second, how sectoral variations appear to be primarily influenced by the representation of workers in high-skilled jobs, particularly when supported by high union density, rather than the share of female workers. We discuss the implications of these findings for workers’ work-family reconciliation and future work-family research.

Representasi Prosesi Pernikahan Dalam Puisi W.S. Rendra Berjudul "Undangan", "Nyanyian Para Malaikat", Dan "Kakawin Kawin".

marriage is the process of binding sacred promises between men and women. Marriage is a sacred event through which several steps pass. The steps in the wedding are referred to as the wedding procession. Human feelings can be represented through verses of poetry, stories in novels, lyrics in songs, and conversations in films. Literary works are able to express all human problems and feelings. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research using the method of Comparative Literature. The data source used is a collection of poems by W.S Rendra includes poems 'invitation’,' Song Of The Angels’, and 'Kakawin Kawin' in the book four collections of poems. These three works were chosen because they have a connection to the wedding procession. Research techniques used are data collection, data analysis, and data inference. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a wedding procession represented through the poem ’invitation’,’Song Of The Angels’, and ’Kakawin Kawin’. In the poem 'invitation ’and’ Song Of The Angels', both set in a church, and are going through the process of marriage. Meanwhile, the poem 'Kakawin Kawin' is set in the House of the late bride. The difference lies in different situations but each poem represents the wedding procession differently.

Tradition of Minstrelsy in Turkic Peoples

The minstrel competition is one of the traditions that emerged in oral literature. The emergence process of this tradition, its original character that shapes its dramatic and lyrical elements, and its unique performance ritual have enabled it to emerge as a tradition. Minstrelsy; since it is an ancient tradition that is the continuation of shamanlyk (hayloft), bakshylyk (bakshy) and ozanlyk (minstrelsy) it appears in the oral literature tradition of the Turkic peoples. For this reason, our study analyzes one of the current issues of folklore to address and compare the spread of the minstrelsy tradition in Turkic peoples and the state of research in the region. The aim of our study is to evaluate the spreading characteristics, nomenclature, sub-types, and research on the subject of the tradition of minstrelsy in the oral works of literature of Anatolian, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir, Uyghur, and Altai Turks. The studies of such researchers as B. Kebekova, S. Nasirov, R. Muhammadiyev, B. Sarımsakov, A. Musakulov, M. Kuşmakov, K. Bazarov, N. Davkarayev, S. Karaş, O. Aydın, N. Kutlusoy, T. Kovalskiy, M. Auezov, S. Mukanov, E. Ismayılov, K. Cumacanov etc., who examined the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples with the typological comparison method, constitute the literature basis of our research. As a result of our research, it has been determined that poetic innovation should also be addressed in the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples, together with comparative folk literature, folklore, history of literature, and the effect of historical periods on the tradition, subject, and ideology.

Pulmonary artery sarcoma affecting the pulmonary valve mistaken as pulmonary vasculitis: a case report and comparative literature review

Pulmonary arterial sarcomas (PAS) are rare aggressive tumours occurring mainly in the pulmonary trunk. We report a case of PAS involving the pulmonary trunk wall and valve, with uniform wall thickening which represents an atypical imaging manifestation of this tumour. A 63-year-old male presented with vague respiratory symptoms with rapid progression. CTPA showed low density filling defects in both pulmonary arteries and PET scan showed increased uptake in the pulmonary trunk, which along with raised ESR suggested Pulmonary Vasculitis. Echo imaging showed Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary stenosis. Response to steroid therapy was minimal and his symptoms worsened. A referral for second opinion was made and he was diagnosed with PAS. He underwent Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy with Pulmonary valve replacement. Post-operative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. PAS is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. Surgical resection is not curative, but together with chemotherapy can prolong survival.

Exploring the Impact of Decoys on Decision‐Making by Young Children

ABSTRACTThe asymmetric dominance effect (or decoy effect) is a decision‐making phenomenon that occurs when preference for a target alternative shifts with the addition of a similar, yet inferior alternative dubbed the decoy. Despite the considerable number of studies examining the decoy effect with adult humans and animals, there is comparatively less research on context effects within the developmental domain. In this study, we explored the impact of a decoy on choice behavior by young children (3–9 years old) using a preferential choice task as well as a perceptual discrimination task. Introduction of an inferior decoy impacted choice behavior across 2‐alternative (binary) versus 3‐alternative (trinary) sets, such that inclusion of the dominated decoy in expanded sets decreased selection of the superior target alternative. This pattern of results indicates a reversal of the standard attraction effect, also known as the repulsion effect. We discuss these findings in light of the adult and comparative literatures on decoy effects as well as call for additional developmental studies exploring the impact of inferior alternatives in multialternative decision‐making.

I Saw Ramallah and its Approach to Realistic Colonial Literature

The concept of alienation and exile was very important among the postcolonial enthusiast literary researches. Due to the sporadic nature of the topic, it was estimated that a new area of research exists to be investigated. Due to this interest, this study attempted to discuss the concepts of exile, alienation from homeland and the colonialism in Mourid Barghouti's I Saw Ramallah with postcolonial theory.The research attempted to discuss the problem of resistance and personal choices in dealing with the wave of modernization in the colonized countries or regions. It should be mentioned that while this study focused on the ideological clashes caused by colonialism, it was interested to see how a new concept of comparative literature as a discourse tolerance can reveal the meaning of literary works. To do so, this study investigated comparative literature as a form of literary studies against nationalism. In this case, the Mourid Barghouti's I Saw Ramallah investigated new ways of reading about the literature of Palestine. On the Other hand, I Saw Ramallah showed that the ideology of nationalism was one of the main reasons which cripples the Palestinian literature to offer a more realistic investigation of colonial situation in Palestine which Mourid Barghouti attempted to criticize in the novel.

THE HOUSING‐WELFARE REGIME AND THIRD‐SECTOR HOUSING IN HONG KONG AND SOUTH KOREA: A Historical Institutionalist Perspective

AbstractThe third sector has recently emerged, or re‐emerged, as a new housing provider for disadvantaged groups in Hong Kong and Korea, where affordable housing development has been predominantly directed by government. However, our knowledge of third‐sector housing in non‐Western contexts remains partial. In this article, we aim to provide, from a historical‐institutionalist perspective, a comparative account of the (re‐)emergence and implementation of third‐sector affordable housing delivery in Hong Kong and Korea. Based on the housing‐welfare regime framework, we discuss the socioeconomic and political contexts in which third‐sector housing has burgeoned in the two regions, and how the relationship between the government and the third sector has moulded the implementation of third‐sector housing. We highlight the significant power of the government in implementing third‐sector housing and third‐sector organizations’ continued complementary role to the government in supplying housing as welfare, which reflects the path‐dependent nature of housing and welfare policies in the two regions. Adopting a long view to understanding history and a broader framework that reflects the socioeconomic context contributes to advancing the comparative housing literature.

Remodeling of the Human Skeletal Muscle Proteome Found After Long-Term Endurance Training but Not After Strength Training

Regular exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise training are not completely understood. The aim of the current study was to investigate the skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained and untrained individuals and performed exercise- and sex-specific analyses. As a previous investigation from our lab showed limited baseline differences at the gene expression level between highly strength-trained males and untrained males, we hypothesized that the that long-term resistance training results in baseline differences in protein abundances. Additionally, we hypothesized that endurance-trained individuals would have a greater abundance of mitochondrial proteins compared with the untrained and the strength-trained individuals. Liquid-chromatography followed by mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on skeletal muscle tissue from all individuals. A total of 6713 proteins were detected, with 4269 proteins being expressed in at least 50% of the samples. Over 650 proteins were differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of endurance-trained individuals compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% of the shared proteins with higher expression in both the male and female endurance groups were known mitochondrial proteins. In contrast to the findings in endurance trained individuals, minimal differences were found in strength-trained individuals and between females and males. Lastly, to determine the preventive-medicine capabilities of long-term training, a co-expression network and comparative literature analysis revealed key proteins and pathways related to the health benefits of exercise, which were primarily related to differences in mitochondrial protein abundance. This network is available as an interactive database resource ( https://inetmodels.com ) where investigators can correlate clinical data with global gene and protein expression data for hypothesis generation. In conclusion, we suggest that long-term endurance training but not strength training results in a r emodeling of the skeletal muscle proteome in humans. This work was financially supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2018-02932), the Swedish Center for Sports Research (2020-D0007, P2022-0082), the National Science Foundation (Award Number: 1951792), the Whitaker International Program and the Karolinska Institute. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.