Company Resources Research Articles

Fundamentals of the formation of the economic security management system of the enterprise

The work examines the essence of economic security, which is a state of legal, financial, and industrial relations that ensures the optimal production process and obtaining financial and commercial profit of the enterprise. The components of the economic security management system are substantiated (security objects, security subjects, goals and objectives, functions, principles, and management methods). In the research process, it was established that the system of economic security of enterprises provides the possibility of prevention and, because of the neutralization of various threats, protects the economic interests of the enterprise and prevents losses in amounts higher than the critical limit. The interrelationship of the elements of the economic security system, which determines the requirements that must be satisfied by the definition of the concept of "economic security of enterprises", is revealed. The main principles of the functioning of the economic security system of the enterprise were systematized, which made it possible to establish the peculiarities of the functioning of this system. The role of the company's resources (capital, personnel potential, entrepreneurial abilities of managers, information, technology) used to prevent dangers and threats and achieve the primary business goals is substantiated. The main tasks of the economic security management system of the enterprise have been established. It is highlighted that when managing the economic security of enterprises, it is expedient to use such regulatory measures as legal, financial, informational, strategic, and innovative production. It is proposed to consider the economic security management system of enterprises as a complex of interrelated measures of organizational, economic, legal, and personnel direction to protect the enterprise from economic losses. The need for a comprehensive system of economic security in the process of achieving effective economic activity and ensuring innovative changes favorable to its economic security is proven. Keywords: management, system, economic security, management of economic security, dangers, threats.

Critical factors influencing the internet of things technology adoption behavior of construction companies: evidence from China

PurposeLimited use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology on construction sites has restricted its value in the construction industry. To propel its widespread application, this paper explores the influencing factors and action paths of construction companies' IoT technology adoption behavior.Design/methodology/approachFirst, literature research, technology adoption theories, and semi-structured expert interviews were employed to build the adoption model. Second, a questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese construction contractors to collect empirical data. Third, the structural equation model method and regression analysis were used to test the adoption model. Finally, the findings were further validated with interviews, case studies, and field observations.FindingsExternal environmental pressure (EEP), perceived benefit (PB), top management support (TMS), company resource readiness (CRR), adoption intention (AI), and perceived compatibility (PCA) have a direct positive impact on adoption behavior (AB). In contrast, perceived cost (PC) and perceived complexity (PCL) exert a direct negative impact on AB. The EEP, PB, and PC are critical factors affecting AB, whereas AI is strongly affected by CRR and TMS. Besides, AI plays a part mediating role in the relationship between seven factors and AB. Company size and nature positively moderate AI's positive effect on AB.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the knowledge of IoT technology adoption behavior in the construction sector by applying the technology adoption theories. Exploring the implementation barriers and drivers of IoT technology in construction sites from the perspective of organizational technology adoption behavior and introducing moderating variables to explain adoption behavior are innovations of this paper. The findings can help professionals better understand the IoT technology adoption barriers and enhance construction companies' adoption awareness, demand, and ability. This work also provides a reference for understanding the impact mechanism of the adoption behavior of other innovative technologies in construction.

Flexible Working Arrangements and Work-Family Culture Effects on Job Satisfaction: The Mediation Role of Work-Family Conflicts among Female Employees

Objective: This study examines the relationship between flexible working arrangements and work-family culture by the mediating role of work-family conflict on the job satisfaction of female employees. Methods: This study was conducted on 295 female workers in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service companies. The data were collected from an online survey using a 6-Point Likert scale following a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique which was a sampling method based on specific predetermined standards. The data was analyzed using Lisrel 8.80 through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings: The results indicate that flexible working arrangements positively and significantly impact work-family conflict and job satisfaction. Additionally, Work-Family Culture has a negative and significant impact on Work-Family Conflict but a positive and significant impact on Job Satisfaction. Meanwhile, Work-family conflict significantly and negatively affects job satisfaction. Another finding is that the relationship between flexible working arrangements and job satisfaction and the impact of work-family culture can be partially mediated by work-family conflict. Originality/Value: Research on work-family variables tends to be mostly studied in the United States and Anglo Countries (U.K., Australia). However, research on this subject in Asia is limited, despite the fact that female employees in this region experience work-family conflicts more frequently. To fill this gap, this study was conducted in Indonesia, Southeast Asia. The findings of this research may also be relevant to other Asian countries that share similar characteristics. Practical/Policy implication: The company's human resources management should implement a family-friendly work culture (WFC) by encouraging and respecting employees' integration of work and family life to prevent and minimize conflict between work and family roles or called Work-Family Conflict (WFCON) during Flexible Working Arrangements (FWA).

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Purpose: The article aims to clarify the peculiarities of the main trends, advantages, and disadvantages of digitalization of the economy in the context of reorganization processes in different countries of the world. Theoretical framework: Today, significant competitive advantages can be achieved through the effective management of available company resources based on innovative technologies and methods of business process optimization. Due to the continuous improvement of the digital environment, they are becoming an important management tool and a key development factor. Design/methodology/approach: When studying the issues related to the topic of this research, the analytical and bibliographic method was applied to study the scientific literature on the digitalization of economic processes. Abstraction, idealization, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, and system-structural, comparative, logical, and linguistic methods were utilized to study and process data. Moreover, the authors conducted an online questionnaire survey to clarify the most important issues related to the use of electronic means in the world economy. Findings: The study identified the most important theoretical aspects of the issues related to the use of digital technologies in the economies of different countries of the world. Furthermore, the views of scientists and managers of companies that use electronic forms of business organization in their work on key aspects of this issue are studied. Research, Practical & Social implications: The analysis of the scientific literature on the research topic and the results of the questionnaire survey showed that digitalization in the field of economy is the process of transferring economic activity to a new format. It involves the use of digital technologies and helps to optimize business processes, increase business income and improve the system of communication with consumers Originality/value: The authors conducted an online questionnaire survey to clarify the most important issues related to the use of electronic means in the world economy.

Integrated Erp And Web Aplication Through Ipman (Integrated Port Time Management)

Era Internet of things has become an everyday life that should be a usual things. Company need to see this as a usual and always keep up so it wont left behind by their competitor. Logistic and supply chain management is of the key when an industry has a production plant and also a marketing because it can control from upstream untill downstream. Supply chain management is becoming a critical issue that the company have to get the best way to get more efficient supply chain. Shipping and port industry have growth to be a global operator to give services around the world. Port management also needed to be managed because the shorter time of ship in the port, the activity could get more and it will give more efficient cost for the terminal. Port time has a direct relation to oil bunker consumption which is if the ship/vessel can minimize their port time, bunker consumption also become lower then the emission also lower. Supply chain management could connect with a system that manage and plan company resources including funds, time, machine, tools, etc., then supply chain management could go digital. ERP looked complicated because it is an integrated concept of planning and managing company resources. When the ERP become too complex, the company could make a ‘bridge’ that can be a hub to connect a different website or application , so , the data will store in the same server and analysis could be done faster.

COVID-19 Spread and Financial Distress: Does Managerial Ability Matter?

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global-scale economic crisis. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 spread on financial distress and the moderating role of managerial ability in the relationship between the COVID-19 spread and financial distress. The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. Using purposive sampling techniques, 31 companies were selected as the samples (155 firm-year observations). Data were collected from the companies’ financial statements and were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 spread has a positive effect on financial distress. Furthermore, managerial ability is a moderating factor that weakens the influence of the COVID-19 spread on financial distress. This study provides evidence that managerial ability is an important factor in managing company resources and is related to the company's efforts in dealing with the crisis caused by the COVID-19 spread.

Global Experience of Digitalization of Economic Processes in the Context of Transformation

Purpose: The article aims to clarify the peculiarities of the main trends, advantages, and disadvantages of digitalization of the economy in the context of reorganization processes in different countries of the world.
 
 Theoretical framework: Today, significant competitive advantages can be achieved through the effective management of available company resources based on innovative technologies and methods of business process optimization. Due to the continuous improvement of the digital environment, they are becoming an important management tool and a key development factor.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: When studying the issues related to the topic of this research, the analytical and bibliographic method was applied to study the scientific literature on the digitalization of economic processes. Abstraction, idealization, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, and system-structural, comparative, logical, and linguistic methods were utilized to study and process data. Moreover, the authors conducted an online questionnaire survey to clarify the most important issues related to the use of electronic means in the world economy.
 
 Findings: The study identified the most important theoretical aspects of the issues related to the use of digital technologies in the economies of different countries of the world. Furthermore, the views of scientists and managers of companies that use electronic forms of business organization in their work on key aspects of this issue are studied.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: The analysis of the scientific literature on the research topic and the results of the questionnaire survey showed that digitalization in the field of economy is the process of transferring economic activity to a new format. It involves the use of digital technologies and helps to optimize business processes, increase business income and improve the system of communication with consumers
 
 Originality/value: The authors conducted an online questionnaire survey to clarify the most important issues related to the use of electronic means in the world economy.

Improving Profitability Measurement: Impact of Intellectual Capital Efficiency on Return on Total Employed Resources in Smart and Knowledge-Intensive Companies

This paper aims to emphasize the quantification of intellectual capital, not disclosed on the assets side of the balance sheet in the smart and knowledge-based enterprise, because it is very important for the more precise quantification of the profitability ratio, such as the return on assets (ROA). For this purpose, the paper suggests the EIC (efficiency of intellectual capital) methodology. It points out the necessity for the new profitability formula, gives methodological solutions for it, and investigates the impacts of intellectual capital (IC) efficiency indicators on traditional and new formulas of profitability in the case of knowledge-intensive and smart companies. The research confirms the importance of improving the profitability measurement in the knowledge economy era, where exists the dominance of intangible assets. It emphasizes the need for the correction of the denominator of the traditional ROA indicator. The comprehensive measurement of the total intellectual capital, especially its non-disclosed component in the balance sheet, provides information for more precise and accurate profitability measurements. The paper points out the issue of improving the traditional financial ratio, such as the ROA. This can be achieved by incorporating the value of intellectual resources, which are undisclosed in the balance sheet, in its denominator. This solution results in creating a new profitability indicator—return on total employed resources (EOR). This EOR indicator is more successful in capturing the enterprise’s intellectual performance compared with traditional profitability ROA indicators. This fact leads to the conclusion that EOR is better profitability indicator especially for smart and knowledge-intensive companies.

Transition from sheltered workplace: Vocational skills are not the main concern.

The aim of this study was to investigate the transition of employees with intellectual disabilities to inclusive work environments from sheltered workplaces. The study was conducted in a sheltered workplace in Turkey for people with intellectual disabilities. Data was collected from 71 participants in interviews. Interviews were conducted with employees (n = 28), families of employees (n = 24), company human resource managers (n = 8), sheltered workshop foremen (n = 7), and special education teachers (n = 4). The study group asked about the future of the sheltered workplace and participants' views on transition to inclusive work environments. The answers of the participants were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings showed that many participants had positive views about transition along with concerns about accidents and security problems that may occur in inclusive environments. It was observed that negative attitudes and views were related with lack of knowledge about inclusive work environment conditions.

Financial planning as a tool for strengthening the company's financial stability and sustainable development

This study provides a confine monetary arrangements equivalent to the acquisi-tion, venture, and organization of assets of an endeavor. It gives an examination of the budgetary soundness of Kazakh's companies. The economy of Kazakh has a stable approach to financial and rich resources that lead to arrangements for a stable venture construction in the nation in addition to the quick improvement of the nations and modern area. It also inspects common attributes and highlights Kazakhstan Corporation's accomplishments. It examines the establishment and execution of the financial management strategic technique of Kazakhstan enter-prises. Research examination strategies incorporate a complex of different investi-gations, measurable techniques, hypothetical and exact techniques, and investi-gate a range of studies. The consequence of the investigation gives the enterprises of Kazakhstan are serious in the local market and financial planning for oversee-ing companies resources for the continued existence into the market and making a decent revenue since revenue is a definitive execution of the ventures. The most critical factors of this study are significant financial stability by proper strategic planning, statistic model, and financial analysis. Consequently, the research hy-pothesis demonstrates the association between financial planning and financial stability.

ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA MENTAL KARYAWAN DEPARTEMEN PERENCANAAN PRODUKSI METODE NASA-TLX DI PT. XYZ

The quickly development of the industrial world requires to think hard, especially in the industrial sector as a form of fulfilling a system that can keep up with the accelerating pace of industry today. Employees as a company resource are expected by the company to always pay attention to the conditions of employees to fulfill optimal resources. PT. XYZ with fluctuating customer requests, so it can cause fatigue when demand rises. In the work process, employees in completing work in the production planning department when production planning process problems often occur such as material arrivals not according to estimates, product defects, and late manufacturing drawings. This can lead to work processes piling up at the end and being chased by the timely completion of orders that have been scheduled for delivery it can cause excessive workload when working when complicated constraints occur. This research will be carried out by analyzing the mental workload in the production planning department. The purpose of this study was to find out how much mental workload there is in the production planning department so that a measurement of the mental workload of employees is obtained to be able to find out the amount of workload of employees in the production planning department. The limitations of this study only analyze the mental workload of employees with structural positions in the production planning department. Based on the calculation of the final NASA-TLX score, 13 respondents in the Production Planning Department had an overloaded workload. Based on the calculation of the proposed mental workload improvement, the total score of the old mental workload was 74.102 in the overload category to become a new mental workload of 56.666 in the optimal category with the addition of 4 employees in structural positions.

Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Menggunakan Eva dan Rasio Aktivitas Pada Industri Farmasi Setelah Holding BUMN

A company's financial performance, as based on value-added, can indicate its capacity to enhance the well-being of investors or shareholders. One of the notable accomplishments of firm management in financial management is the attainment of efficient financial performance through the optimal utilisation of company resources. This study aimed to measure the financial performance of the pharmaceutical industry after holding BUMN, utilising the EVA and activity ratios as measurement instruments. This study employed a descriptive analysis methodology to depict a symptom or scenario in its current state during this research without engaging in hypothesis testing. The study was conducted at PT Kimia Farma Tbk and PT Indonesia Farma Tbk, publicly listed on the Indonesia IDX. This data was selected using the documentation method and was analysed using EVA and Efficiency Ratio analysis instruments. The findings indicated that PT Indofarma Tbk financial performance could generate value added after holding BUMN in 2020 and 2021. On the one hand, PT Kimia Farma Tbk demonstrated the creation of value added after holding BUMN in 2021 and 2022. In addition, the findings indicated that the operational efficiency of PT Indofarma and PT Kimia Farma Tbk improved significantly after holding BUMN in 2021, as revealed by their enhanced financial performance.

The Effect of Investment Opportunity Set (IOS), Earnings Persistence and Accounting Conservatism on Earnings Quality with Voluntary Disclosure as an Intervening Variable

The main problem of this research is earnings quality. Earnings quality is very important for investors and is the center of attention for users of financial statements, because it will help them reduce information risk. Investors will tend to calculate information risk by conducting analysis so that it does not contain a large risk of loss. Investors can know that there is a poor allocation of resources in companies with low earnings quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of investment opportunity set, earnings persistence and accounting conservatism on earnings quality in food and beverage companies listed in ISSI in 2018-2021 with voluntary disclosure as an intervening variable. This research is classified as a quantitative research with a population of 25 food and beverage companies registered at ISSI. The research sample was determined by purposive method with certain criteria so that the sample used was 18 companies. so that 72 data were obtained from the sample in the 2018-2021 observation period. the type of data used is secondary data. to test the intervening variables used path analysis method. The research results show that the investment opportunity set, earnings persistence and accounting conservatism and voluntary disclosure have a negative effect on earnings quality. the variables ios and conservatism have a negative and significant effect on earnings quality, while the earnings persistence variable has a positive effect on quality. The results of this study also indicate that voluntary disclosure is only able to mediate accounting conservatism on earnings quality.

Proposed Business Strategy for PT. Pilar Kencana Tama to Win the Increasing Competition

PT. Pilar Kencana Tama has several limited capabilities that weaken the company's competitiveness and external factors that often hinder its business operations in the construction services business industry. Meanwhile, market demand for business products from contracting companies is increasing along with the increasing population growth in Indonesia. A new business strategy is required that can support Pilar to develop in the long term and take advantage of the momentum of high market demand for civil construction so that Pilar can have a high market share in its business industry. The approach to solving strategic problems owned by Pilar is with an analysis framework of the internal and external business environment to design a new business strategy. The external environmental analysis is used by the PESTEL framework which includes Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal aspects. The internal environment analysis is used by the stakeholder mapping framework, VRIO, the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) growth share matrix, and the business model canvas. Other analytical data were obtained through qualitative interviews with Pilar’s director, external parties regarding new business model proposals, quantitative surveys with prospective customers and several literature reviews to support the data analysis. Both types of analysis are summarized in the form of SWOT analysis to serve as basic parameters for strategy formulation using the Diamond Strategy and a new business model canvas as well as additional strategy formulation using Strategy Moves to determine how Pilar attacks on competitor companies if necessary. The results of the study show the company's advantages such as the big amount of its heavy equipment resources and the company's orientation that emphasizes quality over quantity. However, Pilar also has weaknesses from its operational capacity such as unproductive and uncreative human resources, lack of business line expansion, and only has one channel to market its business products, so that Pilar cannot easily jump right to try new business models outside of the business model which has already been done. With the analysis results related to other construction model business opportunities, Pilar needs to implement a new business model proposal by implementing several predetermined strategies. The proposed strategy to support Pilar's success in running the new business model is by overhauling the company's internal resources, implementing the Diamond Strategy that has been determined, and implementing several aspects that have been calculated related to the determination of the level of importance of criteria from customers in buying products related to the proposed new business model. Pilar also needs to use the Differentiated Circle concept in target market segments to attack larger competitor companies that have long been in the area where Pilar will carry out the proposed new business model.

Strategy formulation activities with emphasis on strategic management tools and techniques in Slovak companies

The importance and benefits of strategic management in the business sphere are declared in studies worldwide. It represents an extensive area for research. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the strategy formulation activities as well as the strategic management tools and techniques used by Slovak companies. Data on 365 manufacturing companies were obtained through an online questionnaire during 2020–2021. Selected methods of inductive statistics helped to analyze the data (the Pearson chi-square test and interval estimates for population proportion). The results show that the potential of analyzed strategy formulation activities is not filled in the Slovak companies. Enterprises only perform certain activities, and attention is focused mainly on setting strategic goals. It prevails a small orientation to sustainable development in strategic goals (only 22% of enterprises). The most used strategic management tools and techniques consist of an analysis of company resources, SWOT analysis, and customer satisfaction. From the point of view of the manufacturing area, no significant differences are defined in the use of the tools. The future management directions should include a variety of strategic management tools from the external environment. At the same time, the given tools should be supplemented with newer strategic tools ensuring flexibility and adaptation to dynamically changing conditions. AcknowledgmentWe wish to thank project VEGA: Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic (Project No.1/0093/23 Research on the circular economy potential in the Slovak business environment in the production of innovative products based on recycled materials wood – rubber – plastic).

HR Competency Analysis on Increasing MSMEs Performance In Supporting Industrial Era 4.0

Purpose: This study describes the analysis of human resource competencies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in improving the performance of MSMEs. Technological and industrial developments require competent human resources in every organization.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted in several businesses in Parepare City, where the sample was determined by purposive random sampling. This research uses qualitative research methods that emphasize the process of understanding based on facts in investigating a social phenomenon and human problems and is presented analytically and descriptively, which has been collected and then interpreted systematically.Findings:The results of the research based on the qualitative approach conducted show that to achieve competent human resources in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, human resources in companies are required to be adaptive, following company goals to adjust to employee profiles quickly, respond to the needs and developments of the times. Various challenges arise, especially related to the speed of adapting to change and the ability to collaborate virtually. The recommendations recommended in this study are to improve the performance of MSMEs as business actors to encourage the competence of the quality of human resources, especially in anticipating industry 4.0 to pay attention to and maximize aspects; Adaptive thinking and virtual collaboration.

Eco-innovation and performance of SMEs in Ecuador

PropósitoEste documento presenta un nuevo enfoque del modelo de la eco-innovación. La relación entre la eco-innovación y el resultado empresarial es bien conocida. Sin embargo, la relación inversa no ha sido investigada con la misma dedicación.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEn nuestra investigación utilizamos el método de encuesta electrónica. Se enviaron cuestionarios a 100 gerentes ecuatorianos, recibiendo las 62 respuestas válidas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales.HallazgosLos resultados confirman que las eco-innovaciones aumentan el resultado de la empresa. Sin embargo, la relación inversa tiene signo negativo; en este contexto, los directivos prefieren dedicar los recursos de la empresa a diferentes proyectos con mayores beneficios y menor gasto que aquellos centrados en la eco-innovación.OriginalidadNuestros resultados completan el análisis de las relaciones entre la eco-innovación y el rendimiento empresarial y representan una nueva contribución a la Academia. Los resultados también confirman que las actividades de eco-innovaciones son herramientas valiosas para construir y desarrollar economías en mercados emergentes.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEste estudio se realizó en un entorno específico de un país, por lo que las generalizaciones son limitadas. Nuestros datos son intersectoriales, lo que dificulta establecer relaciones de causalidad.Implicaciones prácticasLos resultados de las actividades relacionadas con la eco-innovación son importantes para los gerentes y pueden ayudarlos redefinir la estrategia de la empresa. Los resultados confirman que la eco-innovación impulsa el rendimiento y muestra que no existe la misma relación entre el rendimiento y las eco-innovaciones. Se podría sugerir que es necesario modificar su estrategia para crear un negocio sostenible.

Regulatory Analysis Digital Markets Act (Dma) European Union In Business Competition

this research aims to analyze the concept of the Business Competition Digital Markets Act (DMA) European Union and analyse the regulation affecting Digital Markets Act (DMA) EU to the digital market. The science of law will have authority and strength if it is integral in ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects. Normative legal research has the characteristics of library research. The results of this study showThe combination of these three factors to win the competition to win the hearts of consumers can be obtained through innovation, application of the right technology, and managerial ability to direct company resources in winning the competition. In response, the European Commission recently published a proposal for a Digital Markets Act to complement existing competition policy tools through mandatory from before for platforms. Both consumers and companies should benefit from digital markets. However, it may backfire if there are no clear boundaries to follow.

How Employee Job Burnout, Work Engagement, and Turnover Intention Relate to Career Plateau during the Epidemic

In light of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on organizations and company human resource policies, multiple changes have been made to employee work behaviors. This paper developed a concept model on career plateaus, job burnout, work engagement, and turnover intention and examined it through a non-random sampling survey of 285 employees at resorts in Macao. The results revealed that career plateaus positively impact job burnout and turnover intention, and job burnout positively impacts turnover intention. The study found that career plateau negatively impacts work engagement and positively impacts turnover intention, and work engagement negatively influences turnover intention. Job burnout and work engagement partially mediate the relationship between career plateau and turnover intention. Training negatively moderates career plateau toward work engagement, and job rotation moderates career plateau toward turnover intention. Accordingly, organizations should consider the impact on employees’ careers when designing training and job rotation policies in response to the epidemic.

Equity issuance and share price performance on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

ABSRACT Listed companies can acquire capital through a rights issue where existing shareholders have a preference in buying additional shares at a discounted rate, in proportion to their existing holding. When implemented, share prices tend to react to the announcement and the realisation thereof. Covering the period 2005–2022, an event study was implemented to determine the effect of a rights issue and its announcement for companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Depicting the results in terms of the Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAARs), our findings indicate that share prices typically drop below the 5th percentile after a rights issue announcement and remain low for 30 days. Once implemented, share prices tend to increase beyond the 95th percentile and remain high. The research also indicates that the relative size of the rights issue does not affect these findings. Finally, resource companies are more prone to rights issue activities when compared to non-resource companies, whilst growth (versus value) companies are more negatively influenced.