Company's Organizational Structure Research Articles

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN BRUMADINHO: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT ON THE REPUTATION OF VALE S.A.

The company Vale do Rio Doce was created in 1942 as a mixed capital corporation, being privatized in 1997. The company operates in 30 countries producing nickel, coal, copper, manganese, ferroalloys, iron ore and pellets. In 2019, a dam owned by the mining company, in the municipality of Brumadinho, failed and caused one of the biggest environmental disasters in Brazil, which could affect the company's reputation and its legitimacy before society to continue to exist. The general objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the dam failure on the company's reputation. The study is deductive, descriptive, comparative, quantitative, case study and documental, analyzing the company's reputation in five dimensions (media, academy, company, society and by the border of the last two). The findings showed a synergy between the dimensions, and in all of them there was a behavior that in the years before the disaster, the company had a reputation that guaranteed its legitimacy and, in 2019, this reputation was affected, but communication The mining company's organizational structure managed to recover its reputation and maintain the legitimacy to continue operating.

Effects of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance

Taking the company in Chaoyang District, Beijing, this paper discusses the impact of digital transformation on company performance. With the rapid development of information technology, digital transformation has become a key means for enterprises to enhance their competitiveness. Through the analysis of the Chaoyang District company, we found that the digital transformation not only optimized the company's business model and organizational structure, but also reshaped the corporate culture, thus significantly improving the company's performance.

ORGANIZATION OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

The considers the field of development, specifically focusing on the organization of project management in development. It is demonstrated that real estate development possesses certain characteristics that directly impact the activities of developers and the organization of development management. The presence of these characteristics creates a unique environment in which developers operate, influencing various approaches, schemes, forms, and models of project development management organization. The purpose of the article is to formulate systematic concepts regarding the forms of organization in development projects. To achieve the goal of forming a comprehensive understanding of organizational mechanisms for managing development projects, the paper examines the organizational environment in which project teams operate and the forms of project management organization in development companies. The paper illustrates that in the project life cycle model, the organizational structure of project management can vary both within individual phases and across projects of different concepts and scales. The management organization during different phases of the project life cycle (PLC) and the organizational structures of development companies during the construction phase have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that contemporary organizations consistently channel their efforts towards improving (developing) the organizational management environment in development and creating conditions for the successful implementation of projects. Therefore, in addition to the value of creating new tangible assets, the project management group (PMG) adds (creates) value through the establishment of a unique organizational environment. The approach to evaluating the values of collaborative work within a project team is demonstrated. The developed organizational environment unquestionably represents a value that the developer additionally acquires along with new development projects. Task: the paper explores the organization of project management groups (PMG) in development; organizational forms of development project management; the organization of project management in development during the construction phase as the most significant; and organizational structures of development companies. Research results: a system application for the organization of development projects’ management has been created. Possible forms of development projects’ organization and elements of the company's organizational structure are analyzed.

A mathematical modeling approach to analyzing and addressing customer service inefficiencies in an international company

This paper presents a novel and in-depth mathematical approach to analyzing the inefficiencies and shortcomings of customer service in an international company based in China. By employing advanced mathematical concepts such as set theory, graph theory, probability theory, and stochastic processes, we develop a comprehensive and multi-faceted model that captures the various aspects of customer service, including unfairness, bureaucracy, failure to perform duties, irresponsibility, untruthfulness, and untrustworthiness. Our findings suggest that these issues are deeply rooted in the company's organizational structure and culture, and we propose potential solutions to address these problems. We also introduce new mathematical techniques, such as the use of hypergraphs and multi-objective optimization, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics at play within the customer service department.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Di PT. PLN (Persero) Sektor Tambora Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat

Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) is part of a management system that includes the company's organizational structure, planning, responsibility, implementation, achievement, assessment and development of occupational safety and health policies. PLN Tambora West Sumbawa is a business unit of PT PLN (Persero) which manages the electricity system in West Nusa Tenggara Province PT PLN (PERSERO) Tambora sector. In the Tambora sector, it was found that the implementation of SMK3 is still not effective, which can cause occupational accidents and occupational diseases such as the use of coal as a flammable material, slipping, falling from a height, disturbance, electric shock, and coal ash residue (FABA) which, if inhaled continuously, will cause respiratory problems. Continuous inhalation will cause respiratory distress. Therefore, an analysis was carried out on the implementation of the occupational safety and health system (SMK3) at PT PLN (PERSERO) by using data in the form of a questionnaire related to the implementation of the company's K3 management towards ISO 45001: 2018 and processing the data using the Gap Analysis method, then providing recommendations for improvement. The results showed that the implementation of ISO 45001: 2018 amounted to 88%. There is a gap of 12% because there are 4 clauses that have not been implemented optimally, namely clause 4.2 concerning understanding the needs and expectations of workers and other interested parties, clause 5.3 concerning roles, responsibilities and organizational management, clause 5.4 concerning worker consultation and participation and clause 7.2 concerning competence, so improvements are proposed for each clause.

Peran Motivasi, Disiplin, dan Kompensasi dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai PT PLN Bali

This research aims to examine the influence of motivation, work discipline and compensation on the performance of PT PLN employees in Bali Province. By focusing on the dynamics of the number of electricity customers, company organizational structure, and human resource performance, this research integrates these variables in a comprehensive thinking framework. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing, with performance measurement involving aspects of quality, quantity, cooperation, initiative and reliability. The research results show that simultaneously motivation, work discipline, and compensation have a significant influence on employee performance. Partially, motivation and work discipline have a positive and significant influence on performance, while compensation is not significant. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicates that these factors can explain variations in employee performance of 68.1%. A partial analysis of compensation implies that the system may be based on employee skills and performance outcomes, while the assumption of employee well-being suggests that the level of compensation may not significantly influence performance. The research results show that there are factors that influence the performance of human resources in the electricity industry. The implications include improving human resource management policies, creating a more productive work environment, and improving the quality of employee performance to achieve company goals. These findings can be the basis for developing more effective management strategies at PT PLN in Bali Province.

Study of influence ofWork Discipline and Organizational Cultureon Employee Performance

Success in the labor market necessitates skills and abilities, devotion, hard work, and honesty at work. A successful individual must have thoughts and attitudes that value work as a noble pursuit for human existence. Organizational success must be matched with high-quality human resources. To obtain good resources, it is vital to increase work discipline among employees so that they may be disciplined in all aspects that would benefit the organization, one of which is work discipline, which is time discipline in performing job. The goal of this study is to determine the significant influence, both concurrently and partially, of the Work Discipline variable and the Organizational Culture variable on the Employee Performance variable, as well as to determine which of the Work Discipline variables and the Organizational Culture variable has the most dominant influence. This research employs explanatory research. Primary data is collectedthrough questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation, whereas secondary data is the company's history and organizational structure. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The study's findings indicate that work discipline and corporate culture have a considerable impact on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. Furthermore, the Work Discipline variable has the most significant impact on the employee performance variable.

Intangible Resources and Organizational Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya

Purpose: This study examined the influence of intangible resources on performance in the food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study further sought to examine the relationship between company reputation, organizational structure, human capital, innovation capabilities and performance among food and beverage manufacturing industry in Nairobi County.
 Methodology: A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The target population included 45 Large-Scale food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The unit of analysis was the food and beverage manufacturing company whereas the unit of observation was the managers of the companies. Census sampling method was used in selecting all the respondents to participate in the study. Questionnaires was used for collecting data. A pilot study was done to determine the questionnaires' validity and reliability. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to summarize the descriptive data into frequencies and percentages, which were then displayed using figures, tables, and charts. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the inferential statistics. The inferential analysis assisted in establishing the relationship between the study variables, as well as in drawing findings and making recommendations for the study.
 Findings: The study found that the components of intangible resources account for 44.7% of the variation in the performance of enterprises in the food and beverage industry. Additionally, company reputation, Human capital, and innovation capabilities had a positive and significant influence on the performance of food and beverage companies. Organizational structure and Performance of Food and Beverage Companies was positive but insignificantly related.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource Based View Theory, The Global Most Admired Companies (Fortune GMAC) Model, Theory of Human Capital, Mintzberg’s Five Structures Model and Schumpeter’s Theory of Innovation may be used to anchor future studies in the manufacturing companies. The study recommends that management should make more investment in adopting technology and improving their production processes. Additionally, the management should focus on building the capacity of their staff members through regular and consistent training. The organizational policy may also be reviewed so as to include structures that support the overall training and development of the staff members in the company. Besides training, the policies should also be draft to provide clear ways in which the companies can be able to build and communicate their brand to consumers so as to have a better reputation which as observed in the analysis contributes significantly to the improved performance of the food and beverage companies.

Analysis Of Payroll And Wage Accounting Systems In Internal Control at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama Oil Palm Plantation (Case Study of Sibak Village, Ipuh District, Mukomuko Regency)

The formulation of the problem in this study is how is the implementation of the payroll and wage accounting system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama . The aim is to find out how the implementation of the payroll and wage accounting system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama . This research includes descriptive research. This study aims to determine the payroll and wage accounting internal control system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama , where the internal control system has indicators such as organizational structure, authorization system, healthy practices, and capability of employees. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of data obtained directly from HRD and company assistants. Secondary data was obtained to complement the primary data, namely: History of company development and organizational structure of PT. Daria Dharma Pratama , company activities and company payroll and wage systems. Data analysis techniques were carried out by systematically arranging interview guidelines, field notes, and library data to gain knowledge from data of PT Daria Dharma Pratama , then formulates it descriptively, and at last processes the data.
 The results of the analysis show that there is a good segregation of duties so that employees are more focused on one job and manipulation of data on employee attendance lists because it only contains time attendance, as well as a lack of monitoring of employee attendance in the field, this shows the weaknesses that occur in the company's system Internal control over payroll and remuneration is not good.
 Keywords : Accounting System, Payroll and Wages, Internal Control System
 The formulation of the problem in this study is how is the implementation of the payroll and wage accounting system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama . The aim is to find out how the implementation of the payroll and wage accounting system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama . This research includes descriptive research. This study aims to determine the payroll and wage accounting internal control system at PT. Daria Dharma Pratama , where the internal control system has indicators such as organizational structure, authorization system, healthy practices, and capability of employees. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of data obtained directly from HRD and company assistants. Secondary data was obtained to complement the primary data, namely: History of company development and organizational structure of PT. Daria Dharma Pratama , company activities and company payroll and wage systems. Data analysis techniques were carried out by systematically arranging interview guidelines, field notes, and library data to gain knowledge from data of PT Daria Dharma Pratama , then formulates it descriptively, and at last processes the data.
 The results of the analysis show that there is a good segregation of duties so that employees are more focused on one job and manipulation of data on employee attendance lists because it only contains time attendance, as well as a lack of monitoring of employee attendance in the field, this shows the weaknesses that occur in the company's system Internal control over payroll and remuneration is not good.
 Keywords : Accounting System, Payroll and Wages, Internal Control System

Analisis Motivasi Kerja pada Pegawai Kelurahan Xyz di Jakarta Selatan

This research aims to analyse employee’s motivation at XYZ sub-district office in South Jakarta. The method used is descriptive qualitative, that analysed the data based on reality, then connected to the theory that supports the discussion, then the author draws conclusions from the explanation. The social situation consists of place, actors, and activity in Kelurahan XYZ Office. All the employee were the actors as the main source of information in the research. Data collection techniques used primary data sources from interviews, observations, documentation studies, library research, and secondary data sources consisting of general company data, personnel data, organizational structures and charts. The data analysis technique used the theory of Miles consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and also using source triangulation techniques to develop the validity of the data obtained. The results shown, the employee motivation at Kelurahan XYZ was good and needed to be increased, the efforts made in providing motivation to employees have met standards and still needed strengthening, and several factors founded that became obstacles in providing motivation such as; the lack of human resources, and it was found that on the average employees are approaching retirement age. Overall, motivation can lead to employee productivity in the future. This can be done through increasing and strengthening employee motivation, and minimizing or eliminating the inhibiting factors in the implementation of providing employee motivation.

Analisis Motivasi Kerja pada Pegawai Kelurahan di Jakarta Selatan

This research aims to analyse employee’s motivation at XYZ sub-district office in South Jakarta. The method used is descriptive qualitative, that analysed the data based on reality, then connected to the theory that supports the discussion, then the author draws conclusions from the explanation. The social situation consists of place, actors, and activity in Kelurahan XYZ Office. All the employee were the actors as the main source of information in the research. Data collection techniques used primary data sources from interviews, observations, documentation studies, library research, and secondary data sources consisting of general company data, personnel data, organizational structures and charts. The data analysis technique used the theory of Miles consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and also using source triangulation techniques to develop the validity of the data obtained. The results shown, the employee motivation at Kelurahan XYZ was good and needed to be increased, the efforts made in providing motivation to employees have met standards and still needed strengthening, and several factors founded that became obstacles in providing motivation such as; the lack of human resources, and it was found that on the average employees are approaching retirement age. Overall, motivation can lead to employee productivity in the future. This can be done through increasing and strengthening employee motivation, and minimizing or eliminating the inhibiting factors in the implementation of providing employee motivation.

The Organizational Structure of the Securities Company Under the Law of Vietnam Current

Purpose: The article researches on the organizational structure of securities company under the Securities Law 2019 in order to point out some limitations and shortcomings and propose for recommendations to improve law about organizational structure on this form of company. Theoretical framework: Recent literature points out that securities companies play very important role in the development of Vietnam's stock market. However, in the current stage of development, from the influence and impact of international integration and the increasingly fierce competitive pressure, the securities companies have encountered many difficulties to survive. In there, limits and problems in regulations about securities company organizational structures has caused many difficulties for these companies when organization and operation. On the other hand, in the context of judicial reform in Vietnam, the issue of complete law system and expanding the freedom to business has always been paid special attention by the Party and Vietnam State. Design/methodology/approach: The authors have combined traditional research methods of legal science such as legal analysis method, legal efficiency assessment method and legal comparison method. Findings: According to research, regulations on the organizational structure of a securities company are directly related to the efficiency of management and administration of this company. In there, Supervisory Board/Internal Audit Committee always ensuring to limit negative and fraudulent acts of the company’s leaders, to better ensure the legitimate rights and interests of the company's members and customers. Therefore, the authors have proposed several solutions such as the need to stipulate the mandatory requirement of a Supervisory Board for the securities trading company under the model of limited liability company, and expand and strengthen the powers of the Supervisory Board/Internal Audit Committee, independent members in securities companies doing business in the form of joint stock company. These are important bases to contribute to perfecting the Law on the organizational structure of securities companies in Vietnam and further enhancing the stability and safety of the Vietnamese stock market. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research may support many develop future research in Vietnam. At the same time, the research to help foreign investors' activities in Vietnam's stock market. Originality/value: The research of the freedom to business and organizational structure of securities companies become more and more urgent and very important in Vietnam.

Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dan Pengendalian Internal Atas Pembelian Bahan Baku

The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of purchasing accounting information systems and internal control over the purchase of raw materials. This study uses a qualitative method using an interpretive paradigm and a case study approach. The data used in this study are primary data, such as the company's organizational structure, operational system procedures, and enterprise resource planning systems that are implemented in the company. The results of the research that has been done show that PT Standard Indonesia Industri (SII) at the time of implementing the accounting information system and internal control of raw materials had good and neat documents related to purchases, making it easier to record. Plus PT Standard Indonesia Industri (SII) has procedures or standard operating procedures that are good enough so that they can maintain and control the stock of raw materials for the production process.

Managing strikes and racial issues in the South China Morning Post

ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the labor–management conflicts within the South China Morning Post (SCMP) in the early 20th century, which resulted in complex social turmoil. As a result of decreasing racial discrimination and the provision of a fair working environment, SCMP striking workers, during the company’s developmental period, became its stakeholders and protectors until the Japanese takeover of the newspaper. During the Great Strike of 1925–1926, Chinese workers unexpectedly supported the company, which not only survived the crisis but also helped stabilize the British colony of Hong Kong. Additionally, a series of solutions for Chinese workers and the SCMP’s management were proposed to promote the growth and development of Chinese media personnel, form a stable company management and organizational structure, and make the SCMP a commercial success. This success was also aimed at ensuring the newspaper played a role in the status, influence, and social identity of Hong Kong Chinese people, and the development of Hong Kong society. The study also examines how the English-language media became powerful and contributed to the rise of the status and influence of Chinese leadership in Hong Kong society.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUDIT TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. KIMIA FARMA TRADING AND DISTRIBUTION (SIDOARJO BRANCH)

The research objective to be achieved in accordance with the formulation of the problem that has been described is to determine the effectiveness of employees in HR management audits at PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution (Sidoarjo Branch). This study took respondents from several employees with a total of 30 people. In its implementation in the field, this study took primary data using a questionnaire. Secondary data obtained from the administrative supervisor of PT. Kimia Farma Sidoarjo Branch Trading and Distribution includes company profile, company organizational structure and PT. Kimia Farma Trading and Distribution Sidoarjo branch. This type of research uses qualitative research methods. The analytical method used is to set criteria, describe conditions, find causes, and conclude results. In Key analysis that PT. Kimia Farma Trading and Distribution Sidoarjo branch has been running effectively in accordance with company regulations.

PERANAN AUDIT INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA III KEBUN RAMBUTAN

Internal auditors have an important role in a company, because the role of internal auditors has an effect on increasing company performance. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the role of internal audit on the company's performance at PT. Nusantara III Plantation Rambutan Plantation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of internal audit on company performance at PT. Nusantara III Plantation Rambutan Plantation.The type of data in this study is qualitative data in the form of documents, explanations, and information. This study uses primary and secondary data sources. Primary data is in the form of interviews with the System and Certification Document Officer (DSS) and observation activities which will then be processed by the author, secondary data for example company organizational structure, company audit reports, company history. The data collection technique in this study is to conduct field research, namely visiting directly to the research site and by conducting library research, namely by reading sources such as books or literature related to research. The data analysis method used is the Descriptive Analysis Method. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the Role of Internal Audit on Company Performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Kebun Rambutan is to examine and assess efficiency and effectiveness in finance, operations, human resources, information technology with the aim of strengthening the governance system. To ensure the reliability of information, the implementation of internal audit is also in accordance with company standards, where the internal audit function is to provide follow-up advice to achieve company goals efficiently, effectively on audit findings.

ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL AUDITOR POSITION AND FUNCTIONS IN THE COMPANY

The implementation of supervision can be carried out directly by the owner himself and can also be carried out through an internal control system. With the company's development, the activities and problems faced by the company are increasingly complex, so it is increasingly difficult for the leadership to carry out direct supervision of all company activities. This research is in the form of literature searches and field research. Library Research was passed by reading literature related to internal auditors. The field research was conducted by examining the roles and functions of the company's internal auditors, namely Company X. The data was done by observation, interviews, literature, and data analysis methods used were descriptive and comparative methods. The research results are (1) the position of the internal auditor in the company's organizational structure is under the president. (2) The implementation of the supervisory function carried out by the Internal Auditor has significantly contributed to the Company's management by knowing how the activities have been carried out. (3) Internal auditors in carrying out their functions independently of the company's routine tasks. (4) The Internal Auditor first prepares an inspection program and work document during the inspection. (5) Each report on the inspection results produced by the internal auditors is submitted to the director for each object of inspection verified. The presence of the internal auditor's report can contribute to the determination of plans and policies

РАСЧЕТНАЯ МЕТОДИКА МОТИВАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СИСТЕМЫ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНСПЕКЦИОННОЙ КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The motivation of the company staff is one of the main mechanisms for increasing efficiency, therefore, research aimed at developing methods and their practical use is relevant. The study aims to develop a methodology and algorithm for calculating the justification for the amount of remuneration based on the employee performance, considering individual indicators. The analysis showed that the use of a system of key performance indicators to increase staff motivation is one of the main directions. In addition, the study shows that the effectiveness of the KPI system application significantly depends on the specifics of the company's activities and organizational structure and must take into account a number of organizational and individual factors. To develop a methodology for motivating personnel, the SMART methodology was used, within the framework of which a system of individual performance indicators of the company was formed, related to inspection and control activities in the energy sector. The methodology includes groups of indicators related to production activities, self-development, labor discipline, the quality of administration and execution of the company's budget, taking into account the hierarchy of the organizational structure and the specifics of the main business processes. The authors propose a formula and an algorithm for calculating an individual bonus indicator based on the performance for a period of time (quarter, year) using individual KPIs. Approbation of the methodology on the inspectors of Gazprom Gaznadzor showed its adequacy and effectiveness. The research results are of practical importance and can be used as part of the activities of corporate management companies for fuel and energy facilities to control individual KPIs and motivate staff.

Evaluasi Investasi Pendirian Cabang Usaha Dagang Lilin Bersinar

The purpose of this study is to determine the real performance of Antasura outlets in accordance with an investment feasibility study by reassessing ongoing projects to be able to determine the accuracy of past estimates, and to ensure that the company's economic resources are used as well as possible. This research was conducted at UD. Lilin Bersinar. The type of data used in this study is qualitative in the form of company history, company organizational structure, and business license and quantitative in the form of proceeds and initial investment value of the company. The analysis technique used is comparing the feasibility study report and post audit using the capital budgeting method. The results of the analysis show the realization of a payback period of 2,362 years, ARR of 22.32 persent, NPV of Rp.887,136,380, IRR of 13.21 Persent of feasibility study report at UD. Lilin Bersinar.
 Keywords: Investment; Post-audit; Capital Budgeting.

The Effect Of Transformational Leadership Style, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PDAM Office in Lamongan

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of transformational leadership style on employee performance at the Central PDAM office in Lamongan, (2) the effect of work discipline on employee performance at the Central PDAM office in Lamongan, (3) the influence of transformational leadership style, and work discipline. on the performance of employees at the PDAM Central office in Lamongan. This research is a survey research with a quantitative approach. The sample used is employees at the PDAM Central office in Lamongan, totaling 55 employees with a saturated sampling technique. In the implementation in the field this research takes primary data by using a questionnaire. The secondary data other than the primary data obtained, obtained from the general section of the Central PDAM office in Lamongan including company profiles and company organizational structure. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis while the classical assumption test used includes: Multicollinearity Test, Heteroscedasticity Test, and Data Normality Test. The indicators used in this study are valid (because the value of sig <0.05) and reliable (because of the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.6). The results of the classical assumption test also show that this study has fulfilled, among others: 1) both linear regression models are free from multicollinearity , 2) Heteroscedasticity does not occur, and 3) The residuals of both models are normally distributed. The results of the analysis conclude that all variables of transformational leadership style (X1), and work discipline (X2) have a significant effect on employee performance (Y).