Costs For Companies Research Articles

ANALISIS OPTIMALISASI BIAYA PENGIRIMAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST COST PADA PT SINARMAS LOGISTIK INDONESIA

PT Sinarmas Logistik Indonesia is one of the companies engaged in land transportation and services. This Final Project aims to solve the problem of optimizing the company's shipping costs using the Least Cost method, using POM QM software for shipping cost optimization calculations. The research aims to reduce shipping costs which currently reach Rp 1,093,771,999 in March 2024. The analysis results show that the application of the least cost method can reduce shipping costs to Rp 363,381,910. To validate the results, a two-sample correlated comparative hypothesis test was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27, resulting in a tcount of 6.720 and a ttable of 1.98326. Because tcount> ttable, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, indicating that there is a difference in the comparison of shipping costs before and after using the Least Cost method.

EOQ Model versus (Q,r) Model: Case Study of a Company's Inventory in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

This article presents mathematical and statistical methods applicable to inventory management. Inventory analysis using ABC curves is used to identify priority items, the most expensive items, and those with the highest turnover (demand). Based on this information, it is possible to determine, through inventory control models, the optimal order quantity and frequency that minimize the total storage costs of these items. Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and the (Q, r) model, inventory control models, the minimization of a company's inventory costs in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil was simulated. The comparison of the results provided by the models was discussed. Specifically, it was observed that for some inventory items, it would theoretically be possible to achieve savings margins of over 50% on inventory expenses for this company.

Research on Xiaomi's Business Model

In the context of a rapidly evolving technological landscape, it is imperative to gain insight into the fundamental principles underpinning the success of business models in this sector. This paper examines the strategic approach of Xiaomi, a leading technology company, with a view to elucidating the factors that have contributed to its considerable growth and market penetration. This paper focuses on Xiaomi's distinctive business model, which integrates internet, hardware and new retail concepts. It explores the company's value proposition, customer segmentation, sales channels, key resources, partnerships, revenue streams and cost structure through a comprehensive analysis. This paper specifically employs a strategic analysis framework to examine Xiaomi's strategies for building an ecosystem and penetrating overseas markets. The findings indicate that Xiaomi's success can be attributed to a cost-effective marketing strategy, robust Internet marketing capabilities, strategies for adapting to local markets overseas, robust ecosystem partnerships, and a symbiotic ecosystem encompassing smartphones, IoT products, and Internet services.

Analisis Pusat Pertanggungjawaban Pusat Kos dan Evaluasi Kinerja pada Pabrik Tahu UD. Sumber Makmur Bangkalan

This study aims to design an accountability report that can be the basis for measuring performance for UD. Sumber Makmur, which previously did not have such a system. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The data collection techniques used in this study include in-depth interviews and documentation to collect data related to organizational structure, performance evaluation, and company financial reports for the period 2022-2023. Analysis was conducted using variance calculations between budget and actual costs, and using Return on Investment (ROI) ratios to evaluate performance. The findings show that the implementation of accountability reports and performance evaluation at UD. Sumber Makmur is still not going well. The company has not prepared a detailed cost budget for each department, which has led to inefficiencies in spending and using resources including a significant decrease in net profit in some periods, unfavorable cost variances, and low Return on Investment (ROI). This study has limitations in that it only focuses on one company, so the results may not be generalizable to all SMEs. SMEs need to implement a more detailed accounting system, budgeting by department, and transparent performance evaluation. These steps can improve the company's cost efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness in the market.

ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI HOMEMADE COOKIES COOKIEKU

This research aims to analyze the production costs of homemade CookieKu Cookies located on Jl. Garuda 53, Banaran, Boyolali, Central Java. The data used refers to production costs in 2024. The research results show that direct raw material costs are IDR. 189,000, direct labor costs Rp. 560,000, and factory overhead costs of Rp. 1,074,000. The total production cost of CookieKu Cookies, with all factors taken into consideration, reached Rp. 1,823,000. The accuracy of data obtained through interviews and direct observation provides a strong basis for a comprehensive evaluation of production costs. The implications of the results of this research can be used to optimize production strategies, identify potential savings areas, and improve overall operational efficiency. With a better understanding of production costs, owners can make more informed decisions in managing their business. In addition, this research also provides valuable insights for other stakeholders, such as investors and suppliers, in understanding the company's cost structure and operational performance.

Pengendalian persediaan berbasis economic order quantity pada UD Wenang Perkasa Manado

The economic order quantity is the number of goods ordered that will result in the lowest possible cost. This study will determine how inventory control is based on economic order quantity at UD Wenang Perkasa. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The study results clearly show that the company's total merchandise inventory costs are higher than they would be if they used economic order quantity. This means that using economic order quantity will save the company costs and increase profits. The company must implement economic order quantity as a method for controlling its inventory because it will allow the company to order merchandise in optimal quantities with minimum total inventory costs, increasing the company's profits.

Analisis Penerapan Metode Akumulasi Biaya Sebagai Alat untuk Menentukan Harga Pokok Produksi pada Usaha Upiya Karanji Gorontalo

Determining the cost of production is an important thing to pay attention to because of the increasing competition between companies in producing quality products competitively in the Upiya Karanji Gorontalo Business. The aim of this research is to determine the application of the cost accumulation method as a tool for determining the cost of production using the full costing method. The research methads used to collect data are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of determining the cost of production using the full costing method are greater than the calculation of the company's cost of production, this occurs because the company does not calculate all factory overhead costs in detail, therefore it is recommended that Upiya Karanji's business calculate all overhead costs in detail and use the calculation method full costing.

Analisis Just In Time (JIT) Persediaan Krudung di CV. Age Group

Every company always needs inventory, without having inventory, entrepreneurs will be faced with risks such as one time not being able to fulfill their customers' desires. This can happen, because goods are not always available at all times, which means entrepreneurs will lose the opportunity to gain the profits they should get. Therefore, the company must have an inventory management strategy in which the company must ensure that it is able to provide supplies with quality, quantity and time. Therefore CV. Age Groub must pay attention to storage capacity in order to meet demand for supplies of goods, and more attention must be paid to inventory management so that it remains well organized. By using the Just In Time approach. This research aims to optimize the efficient use of warehouse space to store goods with maximum capacity. The results using the Just In Time system approach are more efficient in calculating total inventory costs for the CV age group. The results obtained from analysis using the Just In Time method vary because they are based on various aspects. The greatest savings value is in the aspect of minimum inventory capacity from normal inventory with 66 deliveries which can save approximately 87% of the company's total costs, while from inventory which is added assuming damage, loss and defects of 5% with 73 deliveries can be achieved. save costs by 88%. So if you use the Just In Time system you will save costs of approximately 87-88%.

The Role of Environment Social and Governance (ESG) Score To Cost of Debt: Evidence From ASEAN Countries*

ABSTRACTEnvironmental social governance (ESG) disclosure has become an increasingly important component in determining a company's financing cost (cost of debt‐CoD). This phenomenon could be attributed to company reputation development and the rise of socially responsible investing. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating further the causality process of ESG scores to the reduction of CoD particularly in nonfinancial companies in one of the most dynamic world regions: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To meet our research objective; we applied difference‐in‐difference analysis to a dataset of 135 nonfinancial companies (that published ESG score in Bloomberg) from 6 ASEAN countries, using annual frequency data from 2012 to 2021 (1350 observations). We found that ESG does reduce CoD in the range of 21.3% (measured by interest expense) to 27.7% (measured by credit spread). Our finding is quite solid under an array of robustness checks.

Comparison of Djikstra, Hybrid-PSO algorithms for optimizing the distribution route of papaya seeds and honey products (Case Study: PT. Agro Apiari Mandiri)

Dynamic global competencies in the industrial sector drive fierce competition in capturing markets and increasing customer satisfaction, which requires efficiency in various aspects of business including distribution. PT. Agro Apiari Mandiri faces challenges in optimizing delivery routes to avoid delays. This study aims to compare the Dijkstra and Hybrid-PSO algorithms to determine the optimal distribution route in the Bogor, West Java, and Lebak, Banten regions, in order to reduce the distance and delivery time. The research methods include literature study, data collection, and route optimization model creation. The results show that PSO is more efficient in optimizing delivery routes than other methods, with variations in PSO parameters affecting total travel time, number of vehicles, and computing time. Implementation uses hardware and software such as MSI Laptops and Matlab. In conclusion, the use of PSO in distribution route optimization makes a significant contribution to the company's cost and distribution efficiency and can be a reference for further research in distribution route optimization.

Pengoptimalan Rute untuk Minimasi Biaya Distribusi pada CV.DNY

The distribution route problem at CV.DNY is related to the lack of optimal route determination because delivery routes are determined only based on the order of goods received first. Determining the route in the distribution process is an important factor for the company because it affects the company's distribution costs. CV. DNY is a logistics company that operates in the sector of delivering goods to consumers. Based on field studies conducted, the company has not been able to determine the optimal route. The aim of this study is to increase the efficiency of the routes used so that shipping costs can be saved. The method used in this research is a minimum spanning tree. The results of the research show that the minimum spanning tree method obtains a shorter route with a distance of 4557 km compared to the company's initial route of 5318 km, experiencing distance savings of 761 km and minimizing distribution costs of IDR 5,174,800. So it can be concluded that the minimum spanning tree method uses POM-software The company's QM (Program Operations Management – ​​Quantitive Method) achieves delivery route savings and cost minimization.

Development and Suggestions for Real Estate Companies Based on SWOT Analysis: A Case Study of JS Company in Jinan

Jinan JS Real Estate Company, a participant in China's real estate industry, is the subject used in this study to assess its current management approaches and core competitiveness. Five-Point Likert Scale survey and SWOT analysis were used to gather data from the company's staff. The analysis revealed strengths in the company's brand reputation, adaptability, skilled workforce, location, cost control, and diverse operations.The SWOT analysis suggested the company explore market expansion, technology adoption, strategic partnerships, and workforce development opportunities.

Market‐incentivized environmental regulation policy and company green transformation: An analytical perspective based on the cost transfer capability of companies

AbstractBased on the carbon emissions trading pilot policy in China, this paper takes Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2012 to 2020 as a sample, and analyzes the role of company's cost transfer capability (ECTC) in the mechanism of market‐incentivized environmental regulation policy (MERP) influencing company green transformation. This paper finds the following four primary results. First, ECTC significantly strengthens the green transformation driving effect of MERP in general. However, results based on the division of ECTC by percentiles show that MERP‐induced green transformation is more pronounced in the top 25% of companies, which distinguishes them from companies in the top 25%–50%, whose cost transfer capacity hampers MERP's contribution to the green transformation. Second, the level of regional economic development, emission regulation, and business reputation have heterogeneous influences on the moderating effect of ECTC. Third, the results based on the moderated mediation model show that ECTC can influence the green transition driving effect of MERP by moderating the two paths of risk‐taking ability and financing constraints of companies. Finally, there is a diffusion effect on the green transformation driven by MERP through cost transfer among companies in non‐pilot industries and non‐pilot regions.

ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI DAN PENGELOLAAN PERSEDIAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PT NOORE SPORT INDONESIA DI KOTA BANDUNG

Effective production cost management is crucial for determining competitive selling prices, especially when facing competitors offering similar products at affordable prices. Inventory management plays a vital role in the sales process, making it essential for companies to manage and monitor their inventory effectively. This research addresses the challenges faced by companies regarding suboptimal production cost calculations and inadequate inventory management, leading to stock shortages. The study aims to analyze the practices employed by companies to optimize production costs and manage inventory efficiently, thereby maintaining product quality and responding to market changes. The focus is on understanding how companies identify, measure, and control production costs and manage inventory efficiently. The research employs descriptive and quantitative methods, including observations, interviews, and documentation related to production cost reports and inventory data. The findings indicate that current company policies are not optimal and lack efficiency. This study compares the company's production cost calculations with the full costing method and applies the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for inventory management to enable efficient inventory control. The implications suggest that adopting these methods can significantly improve production cost management and inventory efficiency, providing a competitive edge in the market

Analysis of PVC-based Product Inventory Control with Economic Production Quantity and Lagrange Multiplier Methods at PT. XYZ

PT XYZ is a manufacturing company that produces various kinds of products made from PVC (Polyvynil Chloride). Some of the PVC-based products produced by PT XYZ are transparent sheet, colour sheet, and flooring. The problem that exists at PT XYZ is that the company often produces more than the amount of demand which makes the company have to prepare a storage warehouse with a capacity as large as the number of products produced. With this, the storage warehouse experiences overcapaity in controlling the inventory of products produced by the company. And it can be concluded that the problem that occurs at PT XYZ is inventory control and production quantity planning that has not been well planned. Based on the problems that occur at PT XYZ, the most suitable method used to solve these problems is the Lagrange Multiplier method. This research has a purpose to control the inventory of products made from PVC so as to minimize the total cost of product inventory at PT. XYZ. From the research This study found the optimal production amount of 1,332,999 m. Where with the amount of production, the company needs a warehouse area of 9,299.9 m3. The total inventory cost calculated using the Lagrange Multiplier method is IDR 377,073,841,401 while the company's total inventory cost is IDR 402,844,596,680. So that a savings of IDR 25,770,755,279 or 6.40% is obtained.

Analysis of the use of logistics-telematics systems for cost reduction in a transport company

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which real-time monitoring of vehicles and the collection of operational data about them through telematic systems can contribute to the reduction of operating costs in a transport company. The study focuses on specific factors such as the driver's actions, which can affect the vehicle's technical condition and diesel consumption levels. Methodology: The research is based on an analysis of operational data obtained from the vehicles of a transport company engaged in international freight transportation. The data were primarily analyzed for an indicator related to total fuel (diesel) consumption while driving. Linear models were created using the least squares method, and the best-fitting models were selected to draw conclusions about the impact of telematic systems on the company's costs. Results: The study found that the introduction of a telematic system can have a positive impact on a transport company's operations and help reduce costs associated with the execution of transport orders. The analysis of the data showed that individual factors, such as driving time, average axle load, and average travel speed, can affect the total driving fuel consumption of all vehicles and contribute to the overall cost reduction. Theoretical contribution: This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of telematic systems in the optimization of fleet planning and management, which is a crucial aspect of the logistics of transporting goods. The research provides insights into the potential of real-time monitoring and data collection for improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transport companies. Practical implications: The findings of this study can be useful for transport companies looking to improve their operations and reduce costs. The research highlights the importance of using telematic systems in the right way to carry out the transportation of goods and suggests that real-time monitoring and data analysis can be key to minimizing costs and maximizing profits.

Analysis of the Determination of Standard and Actual Raw Material Cost Calculations at PT Cipta Frima

This study aims to evaluate whether Cipta Frima Jaya company uses standard and actual costing in its activities, and whether it affects the company's profitability. Using a descriptive approach, this research will analyze the implementation and influence of standard and actual costs on the company's operations. The descriptive method in this study will include data collection related to standard and actual costing carried out by the company. The data may include information on how standard costs are set, how actual costs are monitored and recorded, and how comparisons between standard and actual costs are made. The analysis process will involve a comparison between standard and actual costs to evaluate the extent to which Cipta Frima Jaya company implements effective cost control practices. If there is a significant difference between standard and actual costs, the cause and impact on the company's profitability will be analyzed. The results of the analysis will provide an understanding of the effectiveness of standard and actual costing in controlling the company's production costs, as well as its impact on the company's overall financial performance. This information can be the basis for recommendations for improvement or improvement in cost management and decision making at Cipta Frima Jaya company. For the purpose of support PT Cipta Frima Jaya in these three areas, this research may subsequently be used for analysis to examine standard costs, actual costs, and cost control inside the organization. This study might also serve as a summary for other businesses looking to implement similar standards for effective management

A system dynamics approach for cost-benefit simulation in designing policies to enhance the cybersecurity resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited investment capacity are likely to be lax in enhancing their cybersecurity. Therefore, to strengthen cybersecurity at a national level, governments must intervene in the market by using support or regulatory policies to overcome market failures and address weaknesses. This study reviewed the efficiency of policy options to improve corporate cybersecurity resilience for SMEs that require government support, unlike large companies that can invest in security on their own. To achieve this, a causal loop diagram was created and analyzed from the perspective of system dynamics. The model incorporated government support variables and the decline in capabilities over time into the existing corporate security investment model reflecting the standard framework for cybersecurity from NIST. The simulation scenarios were constructed based on policy options considered by the Korean government. These include 1) pre-incident or post incident support services, and 2) management through tax credits and regulation. The results indicated that incentives, specifically tax credits, rather than regulation, were more effective in strengthening cyber resilience. This study describes the investment and internal capability development of a company affected by government policy, which is an external factor, and changes in profits can be observed by adding the company's profits and costs as variables. This profit variable allows for the comparison of a company's cyber resilience across scenarios. Additionally, if the government provides direct support immediately after a hacking incident, the company can recover more quickly. If these benefits are known and if the reporting of hacking damage is activated, cyber threat visibility will be secured by revealing hacking attacks that have been secretly conducted. Governments can use cyber threat visibility to strengthen national cybersecurity.

Optimization of fresh produce delivery path based on C-W saving algorithm

Because fresh agricultural products have the characteristics of difficulty in preserving freshness, short shelf life, and are perishable and fragile, so they have extremely high requirements for warehousing, distribution, and other multiple links, and their distribution costs have caused some economic pressure on Z. To reduce the distribution costs of Z's distribution centers and to maximize the satisfaction of customers' needs, it is very important to carry out reasonable planning of the distribution paths. How to scientifically and reasonably formulate the vehicle distribution plan and arrange the distribution path program, shorten the time of fresh agricultural products in transit and reduce the company's logistics and distribution costs, maximize customer satisfaction, and accurately and timely provide customers with high-quality fresh agricultural products and high-quality distribution services are of great significance. In this paper, by summarizing the existing literature on the optimization of the distribution path of fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics, the C.W saving algorithm is used to optimize the path of the distribution center of Z company.

Do Funding Decisions, Dividend Policy, and Investment Decisions effect on Islamic Firm's Value?

This research aims to examine the influence of Funding Decisions, Dividend Policy and Investment Decisions on Company Value in Companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the 2017-2020 period. This research uses quantitative research with a descriptive research strategy. The population of this research is 30 companies listed on the JII for the 2017-2020 period. The sample selection in this study used purposive sampling with a total sample of 22 companies, so the number of observations was 88. The data used is secondary data. Data collection techniques through the company's official website. The research results prove that Funding Decisions have a significant positive effect on Company Value, Dividend Policy has a significant and negative effect on Company Value, and Investment Decisions have a significant and positive effect on Company Value. The managerial implication in this research is that the capital structure chosen can influence the company's cost of capital. Dividend decisions can also affect a company's share price. It is important to conduct careful analysis and consider the various factors that influence these decisions to ensure that the company operates efficiently and can increase value for shareholders