CEOs Of Companies Research Articles

Employment Models of Platform Companies in Norway: A Distinctive Approach?


 
 
 The past decade has seen an increase in ‘platform companies’ functioning as the intermediary between workers and customers.The way these companies structure the labour process has significant implications for working conditions. In this article, we ask: In what ways does platform work in Norway differ from standard employment relationships? And do different employment strategies of platform companies put workers in precarious situations? The article builds on qualitative interviews with CEOs of platform companies in Norway, and aims to contribute to the literature by formulating a typology of the employment models of platform companies emerging in the Nordic countries. The platforms’ employment models are compared to the standard employment relationship and precariousness. Finally, the article suggests that institutions matter for why some platform companies adopt elements of the standard employment relationships as they appear in the Nordic labour market models, and discusses the implications of this.
 
 

패션기업 CEO의 진정성 리더십에 대한 인식이 직무 자율성 및 혁신행동에 미치는 영향

This study analyzed the effects of the perception of fashion company authentic leadership on the job autonomy and innovation behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of the job autonomy on the innovation behaviors of fashion company employees were analyzed. The survey was conducted among employees of fashion companies located in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 380 responses were used in the data analysis. The data were analyzed using frequency, factor, reliability and regression analysis with SPSS statistics program. Result showed that the authentic leadership of fashion company CEOs is composed of the future orientation, equitability, self-awareness, moral perspective and relational transparency. The perception of fashion company authentic leadership positively effected the job autonomy of employees, and the higher the job autonomy, the higher the innovation behaviors of employees. In addition, the perceived authenticity through future orientation, moral perspective, and equitability positively effected the innovation implementation of employees, and the perception of the authentic leadership were positively affected the innovation creation. The results of this study suggests the type of CEO leadership required for innovation behaviors and performance creation in a rapidly changing business environment, and it will be useful for establishing autonomous, creative and innovative organizational culture in fashion companies.

CC-Qual: A holistic scale to assess customer perceptions of service quality of collaborative consumption services

The paper defines and validates a scale—CC-Qual—to assess the quality of services provided through a Collaborative Consumption (CC) model.The authors have borrowed a set of items arranged in eight dimensions from the literature on CC. A panel of selected practitioners (seven CEOs of CC companies) assisted in the design of the questionnaire, which was launched in June 2018. A sample of 127 questionnaires was used for exploratory factor analysis. A second sample of 301 users was used for confirmatory analysis using EQS 6.4 software.A scale of 21 items gathered under five dimensions is proposed. Accordingly, the perceived quality in CC is composed of five dimensions: three of them related to the interaction with the platform (“site organization”, “platform responsiveness and agility” and “legal protection and trustworthiness”), another related to the perceived quality of the peer service supplier (“peer service provider”) and the last one to assess the encounters with other consumers and with the person who provides the service (“social interaction”).This study provides a useful measure for the assessment of the perceived quality of CC services, regardless of the activity sector. This instrument might assist managers for both assessing and benchmarking. The instrument also provides independent and reliable information for customers.

The Politics of CEOs

CEOs of public companies have influence over the political spending of their firms, which has been attracting significant attention since the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United. Furthermore, the policy views expressed by CEOs receive substantial consideration from policymakers and the public. The political preferences of CEOs, we argue, are therefore important for a full understanding of U.S. policymaking and politics. To contribute to this understanding, we provide empirical evidence on the partisan leanings of public-company CEOs.We use Federal Election Commission (FEC) records to put together a comprehensive database of the political contributions made by over 3,500 individuals who served as CEOs of S&P 1500 companies during the period 2000-2017. We find that these political contributions display substantial partisan preferences in support of Republican candidates. We identify how this pattern is related to the company’s industry, geographical region, and CEO gender. To highlight the significance of CEO’s partisan preferences for some corporate decisions, we show that public companies led by Republican CEOs tend to be less transparent to investors with respect to their political spending. We conclude by discussing the potential policy implications of our analysis.

CSR website disclosure: the influence of the upper echelons

PurposeUsing upper echelons theory (UET), the purpose of this paper is to unravel the influence of a CEO’s ethical ideology on the presence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on corporate websites. It also considers the CEO’s perception of the importance of CSR (i.e. the extent of the CEO’s detachment from the stockholder-oriented logic and attachment to the stakeholder-oriented logic).Design/methodology/approachFirst, a survey was sent to CEOs of large unlisted Belgian companies. Its intention was to assess CEOs’ ethical ideology along the idealism and relativism dimensions and their perceptions on the importance of CSR (PRESOR-detachment-from-stockholder view; PRESOR-attachment-to-stakeholder view), and to gather some demographics. Second, a content analysis of corporate websites was conducted so as to classify companies as being either CSR disclosing or non-disclosing. Third, the annual accounts of these corporations were investigated and follow-up phone calls were conducted to obtain data on managerial discretion (MD).FindingsCEOs’ ethical ideology influences the degree to which they detach from the stockholder-oriented logic and attach to the stakeholder-oriented logic. Moreover, when MD is high, the degree of these CEOs’ attachment to the stakeholder-oriented logic is the factor that influences the presence of CSR disclosure on their corporate websites. Finally, CEO’s idealism indirectly influences the presence of CSR disclosure through the effect of idealism on the degree to which CEOs attach to the stakeholder-oriented logic.Originality/valueThis paper shows that, when MD is high, CEOs’ values and perceptions influence CSR disclosure decisions. This study thereby enhances our knowledge regarding the internal drivers of CSR disclosure practices and offers UET as a lens through which the importance of CEOs’ personal characteristics in the decision-making process might be further explored.

Are CEOs Born Leaders? Lessons from Traits of a Million Individuals

What makes a CEO? Our study combines a near-exhaustive sample of CEOs of Swedish companies with data on their cognitive and non-cognitive ability and height at age 18. On average, CEOs, particularly large-company CEOs, have much higher trait values than the population and somewhat higher values than people in other high-skill professions. Yet, more than one hundred managers and executives in the corporate sector dominate each median large-company CEO. Only about one tenth of the pay premium large-firm CEOs enjoy over the population can be attributed to the labor market returns to the three traits.

360º̉ SERVITIZATION AS STRATEGY FOR BUSINESS GROWTH

Servitization is type a business model innovation where companies extend their product offers through related services. A 360º̉ Servitization is when the manufacturing company uses a base, intermediary and advance service portfolio together with their product portfolio to co-create a unique value proposition to each customer. This research aims to understand how an organization ventures to grow the business through a 360º̉ Servitization. Underpinning the Resource Advantage Theory, a single-case study is conducted in order to achieve the aim of the paper. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews, company reports and the website. A participatory approach with the company CEO strengthened the esearch findings. A deductive content analysis was conducted and findings were reported. This study identifies the importance of a unique product service bundle for each existing and potential customer to co-create value to enhance business growth. The research further identifies the importance of all service types such as base services, intermediary services and advance services when creating a unique product service bundle. The Product- Service-Customer Matrix developed in this study is an import tool for business to business manufacturing organizations in the 21st century to co-create value with the customer. This matrix is a useful tool for managers in business to business manufacturing companies to amplify businessrowth opportunities. Due to limitations inherent in a qualitative case study approach it is not possible to generalize the findings beyond the case company. Moreover, researches in different manufacturing companies are required to improve the generalizability.KEYWORDSBusiness Growth, Business Model, Product-Service, Servitization

Does CEO Gender Matter at Financial Institutions? An Event-Study Analysis of Credit Union Data

Previous studies of risk management and overconfidence at firms and financial institutions suggest that female CEOs engage in more conservative risk management practices relative to male CEOs, and less aggressive growth and acquisition behavior. However, these studies are limited by a lack of variation in CEO gender, as only 5% of commercial bank CEOs and 6% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are female. We examine gender differences in risk management and overconfidence in the distinct context of nonprofit financial cooperatives (“credit unions”), in which a majority (52%) of CEOs are female. Do observed gender differences in risk preferences and overconfidence hold under such circumstances? We utilize a unique dataset with 23 years of credit union quarterly data and CEO gender to employ two-way quarter and institution fixed effects and event study frameworks to focus on variation within credit unions that experience a CEO transition with a corresponding change in the gender of the CEO. The event study methodology allows us to thoroughly explore pre-CEO transition trends and parallel trends to account for potential selection bias. While gender differences in indicators of risk management are in the expected direction, few are statistically significant, and none are economically meaningful. The results suggest that practical differences in observable risk management are negligible among credit union CEOs. However, we do find statistically significant and large gender differences in credit union growth: male-led credit unions grow 2.9% larger in terms of memberships and 5.9% larger in terms of loans. They also expand their fields of membership to have 8.2% more potential members, execute 2.8% more merger-acquisitions, and increase their marketing expense by 7.5% relative to female-led credit unions. Nonetheless, there are no significant gender differences in credit union earnings. We argue that the results are consistent with gender differences in overconfidence but not risk aversion. The findings highlight the importance of context when evaluating gender differences in risk management and performance.

PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN DAN KEPEMIMPINAN KELUARGA SERTA EFEKTIFITAS PENGAWASAN DEKOM TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT

This study aims to investigate the effect of family ownership, family leadership, and the monitoring role of the Board of Commissioners on the audit quality. This study uses a sample of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2010 to 2013. Family ownership is measured through the ultimate ownership of the company. To determine whether the company's CEO is the founder of the company, family relationship data is used on all of the company's ultimate owners. The monitoring role of the Board of Commissioners is calculated through the Asean Corporate Governance Scorecard index. Data of auditor is obtained from Center for Supervision of Financial Service (P2PK). The results showed that family ownership either through direct or indirect mechanisms tend to choose Big 4 KAP than non Big 4. While Chief Financial Officer (CFOs) from family and corporate founders tend to choose Big 4 in auditing the company. This is done to maintain the company's reputation. The results also show that the effective monitoring of the Board of Commisionners (BOC) tends to choose Big 4 auditors compared to non Big 4.

Surprises of corporate governance and Russian firms debt

Our paper investigates the effects of corporate governance features on the cost of publicly traded debt in the Russian market after the global financial crisis. We consider a wide range of corporate governance mechanisms and focus our analysis on three elements relevant for emerging capital markets: state-owned bond issuers, auditor power (Big 4 or local firms) and CEO power. As control variables, we consider financial and non-financial indicators of bond issuers, including proxies of intellectual capital and transparency indicators, characteristics of bond issues, structure and size of the Board of Directors. We apply linear and multiplication regressions for unbalanced panel data.The original result is that, in the case of a sole executive body, bond spreads are higher. We find an inverse relation between the ex-post cost of public debt and audit power. The analysis also revealed a robust result that disclosing information on intangible assets and a larger Board of Directors reduce debtholder risks. According to our findings, debtholders take into account the risk of the influence of CEOs of large companies on local auditors, while for international auditors such influence is less possible. These results are robust to a large set of firm-specific and bond- specific characteristics.

Texas treatment program houses jail inmates

Last month, Inspired at La Jarra, a nonprofit that is part of El Campo–based Inspired Behavioral Health, launched a state pilot program treating jail inmates with mental illness in Raymondville, Texas. The move may mean about 500 medical jobs might open there, the Valley Morning Star reported Sept. 29. Brandy Leonhardt, the company's CEO, said her program is modeled after one in Tennessee, which has cut inmates' repeat offenses to 2 percent. “The individuals are receiving 24‐hour continued care,” she said. “We're very proud of the program.” On July 31, Inspired at La Jarra entered into a contract with Cameron County, which so far has moved eight male jail inmates with mental illness into the program. A judge allowed the eight inmates to post personal recognizance bonds to be released into the program. Cameron County Sheriff Omar Lucio said inmates undergoing mental health treatment are required to “behave” or go back to jail. “If they don't follow the rules and regulations, they come back and serve the rest of their sentence,” Lucio said.

The Causal Effect of Corporate Governance on Employee Satisfaction

We investigate whether an increase in shareholder rights has a causal effect on employee satisfaction. To ensure causality, we use close shareholder votes on anti-takeover provisions included in the Entrenchment Index (E-Index) by Bebchuk et al. (2009) as exogenous shocks to the corporate governance of a company. An increase in shareholder rights by one point on the scale of the E-Index causes lower employee satisfaction of approximately 10%. We identify decreases in the employee’s opinion on firm culture, their view about the company's CEO, the number of employees, and the capital expenditures as channels that drive our results.

Focusing on sustainability to strengthen corporate governance

This paper provides a summary of current sustainability issues and trends, primarily from an application perspective, which contributes to the state of the art of scholarly literature with implications for improved corporate governance. A leading sustainability advocate for better corporate governance is Larry Fink, who is the CEO of BlackRock, the world’s largest asset-management company with $6.3 trillion under management and offices in 30 countries and clients in over 100 countries. In January 2018, he sent a letter to all CEOs of public companies across the world to start accounting for the societal impact of their companies and to focus upon economic growth that is sustainable. Currently, a majority of S&P 500 companies have publicly disclosed their sustainability performances with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics. These ESG reporting companies had higher financial returns than their non-ESG reporting competitors. As gatekeepers for investors and other stakeholders, Boards of Directors should pay attention to these sustainability trends, related company performances, and opportunities for future company performance which should strengthen corporate governance.

El proceso de evaluación previa en las fusiones y adquisiciones empresariales en el Perú

La investigación recoge las percepciones sobre el proceso de evaluación previa en las fusiones y adquisiciones empresariales en el Perú respecto de la posibilidad de optimizar este proceso, tendiente a fortalecer los mercados de capitales y de valores creando un ambiente de confianza en los presidentes ejecutivos de las empresas, quienes buscan fusiones transformadoras y contribuir al crecimiento económico sostenido del país; más aún por las perspectivas favorables del entorno, esto porque las fusiones y adquisiciones globales registraron un récord en el primer trimestre de 2018 por un total de US$1,2 billones de dólares.

Research on the Relationship between CEO's Overconfidence and Corporate Investment Financing Behavior

At present, the classic corporate finance theory is challenged by various behavioral visions of corporate leaders in the actual decision-making of corporate finance. From the perspective of behavioral finance, this paper selects the data of A-share listed companies in China's Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2003-2016 to study the relationship between CEO's overconfidence and business operations. The study found that: Overconfidence CEOs will tend to increase the level of leverage, increase the number of loans, especially to increase the number of short-term loans; When the economic growth is faster, the listed company's CEO is more inclined to overconfidence; However, unlike the results of foreign studies, overconfident companies did not replace CEOs more frequently than non-overconfident companies, and did not increase the probability of bankruptcy. Finally, the CEO of a state-owned company does not appear to be more overconfident than the CEO of a private company.

The Effect of Design Capability Characteristic on Design Performance for Bumiputera Furniture Companies

Malaysia furniture industry has seen exchange from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to Original Design Manufacturer (ODM). These changes occur due to the local furniture manufacturers to add design value into their products. One of the ways out of this creativity rut was to revamp the model form producing or manufacturing product for international buyers in creating, designing and marketing our own product internationally. This study attempts to investigate the design capability of Bumiputera furniture manufacturing companies, that effects on the decline on design performance. Besides that, this paper also is to develop a richer understanding of how design capability can be introduced, accepted and sustained in the organization. 30 questionnaire survey was sent out to design managers or CEO of Bumiputera furniture manufacturing companies, and empirically demonstrate that both design and process management have an equal impact on design performance. This study uses a literature review and data collection from structured interview to document the findings. Then, it uses a data analysis (SPSS) to identify the appropriate components as design capability characteristics in developing the framework model. The framework model is to provide details of effects and actions on the companies, in order them to enhance their design performance. The finding shows the Bumiputera companies need to improve and enhance their design and process management with long-term implementation, in order to achieve the companies goal. With understanding the aspect of design capability, future efforts to develop the design capability become more successful and help to decrease the risk of design development.

E&P Notes (June 2018)

E&P Notes Total, Google Cloud To Team on AI for Upstream Matt Zborowski, Technology Writer Total and Google Cloud are teaming up to combine artificial intelligence (AI) with subsurface data analysis in an effort “to explore and assess oil and gas fields faster and more effectively,” the French supermajor said in a press statement. Google Cloud has previously stated its intention to further its involvement with the oil and gas industry. Under an agreement, the companies intend to develop AI programs to interpret subsurface images from seismic studies using computer vision technology and automate the analysis of technical documents with natural language processing technology. Total geoscientists will work with Google Cloud’s machine learning personnel as part of the same project team based in Google Cloud’s “advanced solutions lab” in California. Pioneer Unveils Strategy To Boost Permian Production, Control Costs Matt Zborowski, Technology Writer A more crowded Permian Basin means higher drilling, completions, and operating expenses for exploration and production firms, many of which have already spent billions of dollars over the past couple of years to gain core acreage positions in the region. Confident in its ability to take on these cost increases is long-time Permian operator Pioneer Natural Resources, which traces its roots in the basin back to the early 1960s with predecessor company Parker & Parsley. The company is in the midst of a plan to increase its production to 1 million BOE/D by 2026 while divesting its non-Permian assets. Shale Output Redefining US Production Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Senior Editor Recent snapshots of last year’s US energy production show how the shale oil and gas business has gone from a revolution to an evolving production machine. The centers of oil and gas production remain constant in the recently released production figures from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), which show that the big-gest concentration of gas production is from a cluster of states—Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. They just edged out Texas, which declined a bit last year. A look at the production changes by state shows Louisiana and Ohio as the fastest-growing states, benefitting from the growing domestic and global markets for US gas. Abu Dhabi Plans International Tender for Oil and Gas Exploration Blocks Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) is planning its first-ever competitive tender for international partners to participate in the exploration and development of oil and natural gas, in an effort to boost production in the UAE. Placed for bid will be four onshore and two offshore blocks, with bidding expected to conclude by October and ADNOC to announce the winners by year’s end, company CEO Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber said at a recent news conference. The partners would bear the exploration costs, and with the startup of production, ADNOC would assume a 60% interest. Total Becomes Founding Partner of Smart Energy Fund in China Total’s venture capital arm invested around $50 million to launch the Cathay Smart Energy Fund, alongside the provincial government of Chinese province Hubei (through Hubei High Tech Fund) and Cathay Capital. Finalized on 27 March, this ranks as one of Total Energy Ventures’ (TEV) biggest investments to date in a fund. Dedicated to China’s energy sector, it will focus on renewable energies, the energy Internet, energy storage, distributed energy, smart energy, and low-carbon businesses. “Everything changes at lightning speed. If you’re not paranoid, if you don’t check your rearview mirror constantly, you’re at risk of being overtaken,” said Girish Nadkarni, TEV’s CEO in a statement. International Majors Expand Footprints in Brazil, Mexico Matt Zborowski, Technology Writer A wide array of international oil companies shored up their presences in Brazil and Mexico in March following a pair of auctions. The events furthered energy reforms for the two Latin American oil and gas powers, both months away from presidential elections in which leftist candidates have vowed to dial back the changes. Preceding Brazil’s 15th Round on 29 March was news that two blocks in the Santos Basin would not be offered after a court determined they would earn more value for the country as part of production-sharing contracts. Those blocks, which garnered strong interest, will be awarded in June.

A Strategy Bearing Fruit

Moshe Gavrielov's decision to leave Xilinx saw Victor Peng appointed as the company's new president and CEO. Here he talks to Neil Tyler about his plans for the company

Understanding the Influence of CEO Tenure and CEO Reputation on Corporate Reputation: An Exploratory Study in Italy

The study aims at investigating the main activities of corporate reputation in which CEOs are actively engaged, focusing also on the influence of CEOs tenure on their commitment in reputation management. Moreover, the paper analyzes the CEO’s view on the relation between CEO reputation and company’s reputation. Through a structured questionnaire, a web survey has been carried out addressing CEOs of large companies located in Italy and included in the report of Mediobanca. Findings highlight a relevant CEO commitment in corporate reputation management, above all in leadership, performance and workplace activities. Long-tenured CEOs tend to be more involved in managing firm’s reputation, than short-tenured CEOs. The study also shows CEOs are aware that their reputation are increasingly intertwined with the corporate reputation. The paper supports the strategic leadership perspective, contributing to the ongoing debate on CEO reputation. The influence of CEOs’ good name on company’s reputation stimulates them, and communication managers, to create an effective CEOs’ brand. The paper is the first study that provides empirical evidence on the increasing importance of CEO’s role in Italian large companies, and it can be viewed as a starting point for future cross-country comparison.

To What Extent do Quality of Education and Quality of Research Influence the Adoption of ICT by Companies?

This paper aims to investigate the influence of education and research quality provided by local educational institutions on the innovative adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) by the workforce in Saudi Arabia. The study tests whether this influence is mediated by domestic competition and/or the level of ICT penetration. A model was developed and tested using data collected from 119 CEOs of foreign companies in diverse local business sectors. The data is analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that educational quality exhibited a lesser contribution to the ICT adoption compared to research quality. These results are analyzed in terms of business environment, market constraints and pedagogical approaches in schools and universities.