History Of Company Research Articles

Marketing Love: Romance Publishers Mills & Boon and Harlequin Enterprises, 1930–1990

When Harlequin Enterprises acquired British publisher Mills & Boon in 1972, the merged firm became the world’s dominant publisher of popular romance novels. Little is known, however, about the role that innovative marketing strategies played in the growth of these two romance publishing companies, especially their use of product sampling, direct mail, product standardization, and what was known at Mills & Boon as the “personal touch.” Through research in the Mills & Boon company archive at the University of Reading, the Grescoe Archive at the University of Calgary, as well as an analysis of company histories, trade publications, interviews, and marketing techniques, this study reveals how Harlequin and Mills & Boon took a different approach to product promotion than traditional publishers. Their innovation was to incorporate consumer goods marketing strategies, familiar to other industries, that disrupted and redefined standard practices of book publishers.

British overseas railway investment and economic development: The Colombian National Railway Company and its impact on the Colombian interior

This study explores the financial performance and economic impact of British investment in the Colombian National Railway Company, the largest British direct investment in Colombia during the first period of globalisation. It aims to ascertain the railway’s impact on the regional economy and explain why it failed as a going concern. It explores three dimensions: the use of guaranteed railway bonds, the financial performance of the company, and the economic impact within different sectors of the local economy. The article implements existing methods such as financial analysis, internal rate of return, social savings, counterfactual analysis, and tailors these to a case study methodology for a micro business history of a single company. The article provides three main conclusions. Railway bond guarantees were critical to completion of the railway but detrimental to its long-term financial viability. The company was operationally profitable but stymied by construction delays. The railway contributed to growth of the export sector, internal agricultural trade, and government revenues. Contributions include tailoring the social savings method to a local rather than national focus, re-evaluation of the role of railways in Colombian economic growth, and exploring the influence of railways on internal trade within Latin American economies. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2020.1844665.This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Reflections on the Evolution of the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act

The Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) has been on Canada's statute books for almost 90 years. In last four decades Act has been used to resolve insolvencies of numerous large firms, including household names, such as Air Canada, Algoma Steel, Eaton's, Sears Canada, Target Canada, Canwest Global Communications, and DavidsTea, to name a few. In that same timeframe insolvency practice has developed into a robust field, leading to establishment of publications like Annual Review of Insolvency Law and its marquee conference. Yet, until recently, there has been little enquiry into CCAA's history. Thus, my monograph, Reinventing Bankruptcy Law: A History of Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act, published by University of Toronto Press in 2020, offers first historical account of origins and development of Canada's premier corporate restructuring regime. Reinventing Bankruptcy Law uses several lenses of analysis, including law, history, political science, and sociology, to provide a multi-dimensional narrative of legal change in Canadian corporate restructuring law over twentieth-century. The book addresses question of, What makes CCAA, 'the CCAA'? The answer is, admittedly, not for faint hearted. As Professor Anthony Duggan (University of Toronto, Faculty of Law), writes in his foreword, the book explodes conventional wisdom surrounding CCAA's underlying policy objectives, and it exposes historical errors in more recent case law to devastating effect. This article highlights three of book's key findings.

Traumatic Communities and the Problem of the Past in the Utopian Narratives of Pauline Hopkins and Sutton E. Griggs

Traumatic Communities and the Problem of the Past in the Utopian Narratives of Pauline Hopkins and Sutton E. Griggs Daniel Fladager (bio) In its first edition published in May 1900, The Colored American Magazine announced two goals: to advance a forum in which African American scholarly and academic institutions could develop their ideas, and to deepen a general understanding of African American history through the continued progress of this community of Black scholars. As Pauline Hopkins and the editors of the magazine saw it, the teaching and theories of African American leaders had "grown dormant," and their magazine could help focus these conversations while providing a forum for discussion and the development of a historical racial consciousness ("Announcement"). The project often centered around rehabilitating or publicizing the wartime contributions of African Americans in the US military. Indeed, one of the first pieces that this magazine published was a brief history of Company L, "the only colored company in the Massachusetts militia" during the Spanish-American War (Braxton 19). The history presented a group of gallant men who were disciplined, brave, and honored for their service. The next issue carried another such article, but this time with a more explicit reference to the political project of such editorial work. It advanced the same idea of the martial exploits of African and African American soldiers in the past, citing "the courage, endurance, and fiery valor of the black and tawny warriors of Egypt, Ethiopia, Numidia, and Carthage," but also lamented how African American participation in the Spanish-American War was downplayed or erased, reminding its readers that "there has never been a war of consequence in which Old Glory has been waved over massed battalions or reeling war-decks, in which the Afro-American has not proved himself a brave man" (Hall 94). As David Kramer has demonstrated, many in the African American community hoped that participation in the war would win them greater status within the [End Page 250] US, proving their racial equality through martial participation. As soon as the war was over, however, returning Black soldiers were often treated brutally or liable to attack from whites, despite being treated as war- and folk-heroes by their African American counterparts, thwarting Black attempts toward progress. This unacknowledged participation in the Spanish-American War can be a telling introduction to themes that surface in African American utopian fiction written at the beginning of the twentieth century, where this historical wound is repeated in the novels of Pauline Hopkins and Sutton E. Griggs, both authors who were heavily involved in the racial uplift projects of the end of the nineteenth century and two of the first practitioners of the utopian genre among African American novelists. Pauline Hopkins rose to literary fame as editor and regular contributor to the Colored American Magazine (CAM), in part because of her biographies of prominent historical Black figures, including collective units of African American companies during the Spanish-American War. Biographies of collective companies strategically counteracted the brutal treatment of returning Black soldiers. Indeed, biography became part of a strategy of racial uplift in CAM. In Pauline Hopkins's short biography of the leader of the Haitian Revolution, "Toussaint L'Overture," she makes it clear that these biographies are meant to draw a relationship between the individual hero and the collective group to which they belong: "races should be judged by the great men they produce, and by the average value of the masses" (11). According to C. K. Doreski, CAM's biographies emphasized not just the "great deeds" of individuals, but also "the potential of a larger collective force, the 'citizen' always moving toward that constituent whole of 'citizenry'" (79). This citizenry becomes an important focus not just for racial uplift activism at the turn of the century, but also in reframing the focus of the utopian novel to accommodate African American concerns at the same time.1 Sutton E. Griggs shares with Pauline Hopkins an interest in uplift through publication and in the preservation of collective identity beside individual greatness. He was editor of the Virginia Baptist from 1894–98, started his own publishing house, Orion, to market his novels directly to the African American...

The Russia Company and Russo-British Trade after 1600

The Russia Company and Russo-British Trade after 1600 Kevin Gledhill Maria Salomon Arel, English Trade and Adventure to Russia in the Early Modern Era: The Muscovy Company, 1603–1649. 363 pp. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019. ISBN-13 978-1498550239. $121.00. Matthew P. Romaniello, Enterprising Empires: Russia and Britain in Eighteenth-Century Eurasia. 308 pp. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. ISBN-13 978-1108703086. $35.99. The British Russia Company (also called the Muscovy Company; henceforth, the Company), founded in the mid-16th century, provided significant economic links between Russia and England in the early modern period, and it was a crucial institution structuring Anglo-Russian relations. Its history offers insights into the bonds between early modern Russia and both its Asian neighbors and Western Europe. For many years, scholars' understanding of this company was limited, focused on the 16th century and a narrative of its failure to compete against Dutch rivals after the Time of Troubles (1598–1616).1 This story culminates in the 1649 ban on its activity in the interior of Russia, restricting its members to Arkhangel´sk. Since the 1990s, new works have reassessed the Company's history, seeking to understand its membership and operations, its internal political functions, and its continuing role in the Russian economy in the Romanov era.2 Recent works by Maria Salomon Arel and Matthew Romaniello [End Page 885] contribute significantly to the reassessment of the Company and to a deeper understanding of its later history. Each work considers the role of the individual merchant and their networks, placing their operations in Russia in wider contexts. Despite these shared features and arguments for the continuity of Company endeavors, these are substantially different works in terms of methodology and conceptualization of the relationship between British merchant and Russian state. Arel's book addresses the volume and flows of trade in much greater detail in order to challenge claims of Dutch supremacy over the White Sea route after 1600. This analysis relies on state documents—including petitions, diplomatic correspondence, edicts, court records, and the remaining import-export books of the ports of London and Amsterdam. Romaniello eschews a focus on the statistical data, preferring to track individuals moving between Britain and Russia from the late 17th to early 19th centuries. Embracing a framework of entangled histories linked through highlighted individuals, Romaniello's Enterprising Empires makes the case that a merchant could fill many roles within both states, pursuing personal commercial interests while acting as an informant for the Company or entering Russian imperial service. The fate of negotiations between Russia and Britain over commercial treaties was inseparable from their networks and colored by the rhetorical strategies employed by merchants pursuing multiple sets of priorities in Eurasia. Despite these differences, these books are in some ways complementary. In chronological terms, Arel's analysis continues up to the mid-1600s, where Romaniello begins. More significantly, each addresses the impact of the politics of the Romanov court, of the growth of the Russian domestic marketplace, and of the competition between European states on the Company's fortunes. _____ Maria Salomon Arel's English Trade and Adventure to Russia in the Early Modern Era draws upon and updates the author's dissertation on the Russia Company in the first half of the 17th century. Arel's first major claim challenges the [End Page 886] notion of declining English trade in Russia due to a failure to compete with Dutch rivals, arguing that the impression of English failure can be traced to qualitative descriptions in much later pamphlets. The idea of failure in competition with the Dutch are at odds with the statistical data of the London and Amsterdam port books. Despite the traditional view of Dutch supremacy in the White Sea trade after the Troubles, Arel argues that English trade expanded significantly until 1649. The growth of this trade derived from a combination of factors, including Russia's place in the global economic networks of English merchant companies. Its members invested in numerous other overseas commercial ventures, including those in India and North America, and connected them through their personal and familial bonds. The Company's place in the market was embedded in Anglo...

Motown: The Sound of Young America by Adam White and Barney Ales

Reviewed by: Motown: The Sound of Young America by Adam White and Barney Ales Suzanne E. Smith Adam White with Barney Ales. Motown: The Sound of Young America. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 2019. Pp. 400. Illustrations. Softcover: $39.95. When I published Dancing in the Street: Motown and the Cultural Politics of Detroit a little over twenty years ago, I was motivated to challenge the dominant narrative about why the record company and its music were historic. Both popular music scholars and journalists regularly argued that the "Motown Sound" was historic because of its crossover appeal to White audiences. Most importantly, arguments emphasizing Motown's [End Page 162] success across the color line contended that the company's music was an important agent of cultural integration during the contentious, and often violent, civil rights era. The argument, in other words, worked to tie Motown's larger significance primarily to the reception of White audiences and then insert the record label into a triumphant story of the victorious civil rights movement. These assertions frustrated me on two levels. First, they largely, if not completely, ignored what the record label and its music meant to the Black community that produced it. Secondly, they perpetuated the illusion that when White audiences embrace "Black" music, they supposedly are more willing to support the civil rights and equality of African American people. My goal, put simply, was to tell the grassroots history of Detroit's Black community and its long-standing fight for equality and to understand that Motown—its executives, performers, and music—always navigated, but never transcended, these racial struggles no matter how successful the company became. Given this background, I bring a particular perspective, and perhaps bias, to any new books on Motown that seek to offer fresh insight on the company's history. In the case of Motown: The Sound of Young America, author Adam White presents an intriguing, but ultimately odd and largely unsatisfying, book that combines a coffee-table-style tome offering "over 1,000 illustrations" with a lengthy and often granularly detailed biography of Barney Ales, the record label's national sales and promotion director. Berry Gordy Jr. hired Ales, Motown's first White executive, in 1960 in a strategic move to facilitate crossover sales. Ales embraced the task, which involved shrewd negotiating with White-owned record distributors and radio station owners who were unwilling to do business directly with African Americans. As the legend goes, Ales's identity as a White executive was the linchpin in the story of Motown's phenomenal crossover success. To be clear, I respect Ales's pivotal role in bringing Motown's music to wider and whiter audiences. He is a worthy subject for a biography and much of White's efforts to explain Ales's contributions to the record label offer meaningful behind-the-scenes history not only of the man, but of the ins and outs of record promotion in the 1960s. In addition, White devotes considerable time depicting Ales's professional relationship and friendship with Berry Gordy Jr., which was the only interracial partnership in the music business in this era in which the African American involved was the boss. Ales's active participation in the writing of the book (he is given partial authorship credit) leaves questions, however, about how much of this story is skewed by his effort to gloss over more problematic aspects of his career, including his long-speculated connections to organized crime. [End Page 163] In the end, the juxtaposition of White's exhaustive account of Ales's career with the hefty coffee-table photo album of literally hundreds of images of Motown artists creates a reading experience that is both disorienting and troubling. Put simply, the volume constructs a history of the record label in which Ales's voice is valorized and African American bodies are fetishized. The resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 sparked a new reckoning in American society about race, popular culture, and consumption. One prominent example was the recent decision by Quaker Oats to—finally—retire the Aunt Jemima brand after over 130 years. In the case of Motown, I am wary of books like...

«СПОГАДИ ІДЗИКОВСЬКИХ» ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВИДАВНИЧОЇ ФІРМИ «ЛЕОН ИДЗИКОВСКИЙ»

A description of the document of the memoir genre “Pamiętniki Idzikowskich” (Memoirs of the Idzikowskis) as a source for the history of book and music publishing in Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – first quarter of the XX century, dedicated to the history of the publishing company and the activities of four generations of members of the Idzykowski family in this matter is characterized. The text of the document combines genre features of memoirs and historical research. The compiler Yuriy Idzykovsky syste¬matized the materials by sections, factual material — by chronological principle on the basis of his own memoirs, materials of the family archive. Leon Idzikovsky Publishing House is the most famous and powerful institution, which for almost a century played a major role in the cultural life of both Kyiv and the entire Russian Empire, as well as interwar Poland. The firm included a publishing house, a bookstore, a finished goods warehouse, a library, a concert office, a book publishing school, a bookbinding house, a printing house, and was one of the leading cultural centers, covering a wide range of cultural and educational services. Keywords:Idzikowski, memoirs, Polish nobility, music publishing activity, publishing trade enterprise, music shops, music publications.

К.Н. ВЫСОЦКИЙ И МЕДИЙНАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ В УЕЗДНОМ СИБИРСКОМ ГОРОДЕ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX в.

The article describes the activities of Konstantin Vysotsky (1836–1886), who was first to open a photographic studio (1866), a lithographic studio (1867), a printing house (1869), and a newspaper (1879) in Tyumen. The first consideration of Vysotsky in the context of the history of the media and their transformations/revolutions contributes to the novelty of the research. It allows for a description of his experience of media transformations in a Siberian regional town of the second half of the 19th century in a systematic way, as opposed to the local and fragmentary descriptions which existed in science until now. The research methodology is integrative in nature: the study of book printing as a cultural practice in connection with economic, social and cultural transformations within the boundaries of cultural history (F. Barbier) is combined with contextual and intertextual approaches, bibliological and structural-typological analysis. The research material contains Vysotsky’s book, photographic, lithographic, and newspaper heritage stored in the Russian National Library, Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, I.Ya. Slovtsov Museum Complex (Tyumen), and the Digital Collection of the University of Tyumen entitled K.N. Vysotsky and the Media Culture of Tyumen. Vysotsky is presented both as an object and a subject of the economic, technological, social, and cultural transformations of the city. He was actively and creatively changing it. Based on the analysis of Vysotsky’s journalistic and publishing activities, his role in the history of the Tyumen shipping company and railway is revealed. The connection between Vysotsky and the landscape transformations of the city is shown. The idea that Vysotsky’s figure can be interpreted in the context of the phenomenon of new people in Russia in the 1860s–1870s is introduced. It is shown that the Tyumen generation of new people (N.M. Chukmaldin, K.N. Vysotsky, I.A. Kalganov, etc.) with their daily practices (reading, self-education, movement towards “light and will”, a new order in servant-master relations) was being formed largely under the influence of Nikolay Chernyshevsky’s novel What Is to Be Done? Tales of New People (1863), Nikolai Yadrintsev’s ideas of Siberian renovation, Ivan Turgenev’s interpretation of the image of Don Quixote (Hamlet and Don Quixote, 1860). Intertextual connections of the system of motifs revealing the image of new people in Nikolai Chukmaldin’s memoirs Notes on My Life (1902) and Chernyshevsky’s novel are presented. It is established that the first book published by Vysotsky, Charter of the Estate Manager Club in Tyumen, actually became a message about a new life of the city which Vysotsky and Chukmaldin addressed to the people of Tyumen. Another finding is the logic of Vysotsky’s professional development from photography to book printing. The author discusses the structure of the Vysotsky printing house repertoire dominated by documentary and non-fiction genres (road books, statutes, reports, calendars, catalogs, etc.). The complementarity of the book and visual (photographic and lithographic associated with the graphosphere) portraits of Tyumen created by Vysotsky contributed to a new hyper-reality which appeared in the city.

Historique des laboratoires pharmaceutiques Emptoz

History of the Emptoz pharmaceutical company – This is a history of two pharmaceutical specialities which had a good success from the 1900’ years to World War II. The former of these, named «O uataplasme du Dr Ed. Langlebert » , was a bandage. Until the 1940’ it was manufactured by a company held by the founder’s widow and managed from 1914 by Albert Emptoz, a pharmacist. The latter product, named «Fluodyle » , was launched in 1921. During the 1940 years, the Sabatier-Emptoz became Emptoz Laboratories and pursued the manufacturing of both specialities. Afterwards, they were absorbed by the Delalande Laboratories in 1960.

Penerapan Metode EOQ dalam Pengendalian Bahan Baku Guna Efisiensi Total Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku

The purpose of this study is to facilitate SMEs who are members of the WASUKA cooperative in carrying out raw material inventory control to be more effective and efficient using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. This research is a descriptive analytic research type that aims to describe or provide an overview of the research object through the collected data. This study uses two data sources, namely primary data in the form of data regarding the purchase and use of raw materials and the number of order costs and storage costs. Meanwhile, other data sources are secondary data, namely data on company history, organizational structure, and other supporting data. In this study, the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and literature study. This research shows that the purchase of raw materials for wheat flour and peeled green beans by several SMEs in Pia Gempol village when using the EOQ method with several qualifications determined is considered quite efficient. However, the percentage is not too large. This condition may be due to the frequency of purchases made quite often so that the order cost and storage cost is also relatively high. Besides, the raw materials needed by several SMEs that are members of the WASUKA cooperative is considered relatively easy to obtain, considering the existence of suppliers of these raw materials close to the business location. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v8i2.4030

Cosmopolitan Capitalists and Colonial Rule. The business structure and corporate culture of the Swiss merchant house Volkart Bros., 1850s–1960s

AbstractThis article examines the history of the Swiss merchant house Volkart Bros., which was one of the most important exporters of Indian raw cotton and one of the biggest trading firms in South Asia during the colonial period. The study allows for a fresh look at Indian economic history by putting forth two main arguments. First, it charts the history of a continental European firm that was active in South Asia to offer a better understanding of the economic entanglements of the subcontinent with the wider world, which often had a reach beyond the empire. This ties in with recent research initiatives that aim to examine the history of imperialism from a transnational perspective. Second, the history of a private company helps in developing a micro-perspective on the often ambiguous relation between the business goals of individual enterprises and colonial rule. The article argues that this may be evidence of the fact that capitalism and imperialism were two different, although sometimes converging, spatial structures, each with a distinct logic of its own. What is more, the positive interactions between European and Indian businessmen, fostered by a cosmopolitan attitude among business elites, point to the fact that even in the age of empire, the class background of actors could be more important for the establishing of cooperative ventures than the colour of their skin or their geographical origin. It is argued that this offers the possibility of examining the history of world trade in terms of global social history.

Tipu Sultan's female entourage under East India Company rule

AbstractAfter the Fourth Mysore War, when the British were dismantling Tipu Sultan's establishment, the East India Company unexpectedly took charge of 601 women who resided permanently inside Srirangapatnam Palace. Along with Tipu's sons, they were moved 200 miles east, to Vellore Fort, in the Company-controlled territory of Madras Presidency. Documentation about these court women held in colonial archives describes moments when they behaved in unexpectedly difficult ways. Because historians have traditionally cast the women of Tipu Sultan's court as voiceless victims, their actions, as described in these colonial sources, have been overlooked. When examined, the descriptions show that they were using the domestic powers granted to them under Tipu Sultan's establishment to influence their treatment by the East India Company. By placing these accounts alongside the broader context of the Company's military history, it becomes apparent that the women of Tipu Sultan's female entourage fomented the events that led to the Vellore Mutiny of 1806.

Osmanlı İmalat Sanayisinde Sermayenin Kurumsallaşması Sorunsalı: Bursa İpek Sektörü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

The debate on transition to capitalism in the Ottoman Empire continues. In this study, the role of capital in the development of capitalist relations in the Ottoman Empire in the absence of an institutional credit mechanism was investigated through the incorporation practice. For this purpose, the XIXth century Bursa silk sector case was analysed. This is because it is the most integrated among the Ottoman Empire sectors with the European markets. This quality of the sector has enabled the comparison of Western Europe with the Ottoman Empire in terms of industrial capitalism. For making the comparison, Western European company history, secondary sources and studies on the subject were examined. In this context, the political, religious, and socioeconomic features that were effective on the emergence and development of institutional organizations in the Ottoman Empire were taken into consideration. Depending on the characteristics in question, it was understood that the capitalist transformation was realized through formal and tacit agreements of usurer-foreign/minority merchant-bureaucrat cooperation in Bursa silk sector, differently from the corporation in Western Europe, even at the point of raw material-intermediate production. However, the capitalist transformation was not observed in the manufacture of final products and other textiles, and that then loss of employment and production appeared in these branches of activity as a result of the complete incorporation of the Empire into the center-periphery relationship with the Act of Port of Treaty of 1838 signed with Britain.

Characterization of the milk processing and processing industry: Case study in a dairy

Agribusiness is extremely important in the world economy. In Brazil, it is one of the most relevant sectors contributing to the Gross Domestic Product - GDP. However, dairy industries have challenges that must be overcome to leverage production, as consumption of milk and dairy products is steadily increasing. In this sense, the objective was to conduct a survey and systematize a set of primary information about the processing and industrial processing sector of milk in Milk Dairy Honey in the municipality of Sena Madureira-AC, Brazil. The method adopted was a descriptive, investigative and exploratory methodological approach, through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data were collected through interviews and a questionnaire to identify the company's history, production destination, production potential, market prospects, company characterization; characterization of productive units; process control in manufacturing; employed labor and environmental control (waste). The information obtained was tabulated and analyzed with the aid of Excel software (Microsoft office 2013). Through the data analyzed it was found that the production process occurs following the production steps: reception, pasteurization, manufacturing and packaging. The company receives fresh milk from 26 producers for the production of pasteurized milk, cheese, butter and yogurt. Milk production in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were: 342,068, 387,435 and 389,116 liters, respectively. In 2018, an average of 32,426 liters of milk per month was benefited. The production of pasteurized milk in 2018 was 292,134 liters, cheese 82,813 kg, yogurt 8,810 units and butter 1,155 kg. They are sold in local shops (supermarkets and bakeries) and delivered to municipal schools for school meals. It can be concluded that Laticínio Leite Mel has a fundamental role for the development of the municipality of Sena Madureira-AC, generating employment and income to the local community, fixing the farmers in the rural area, as it contributes significantly to the local social and economic development.

Reflections on the Business History Tradition: Where has it Come from and Where is it Going to?

The question of what constitutes the discipline of business history has been the focus of ongoing debate for several decades. The output of business history researchers is diverse ranging from company histories to the application of theoretical frameworks used to interpret the many facets of business development. This article, in introducing this special edition of the Australian Economic History Review, provides an overview of the development of the business history discipline and the contribution it has made to understanding the operation of business enterprises and the markets in which they operate.

Abstracts of the Shashi Group Sponsored AAS Panels from 2011 to 2016

The Japanese Company Histories Interest Group (Shashi Group) consecutively organized and sponsored workshop and panels at annual conferences of the Association of Asian Studies (AAS) from 2011 to 2016. One of the primary purposes of this journal was publishing papers presented at the panels. Unfortunately, a variety of circumstances prevented the publication of many of these papers. Therefore, we have compiled the abstracts of panels and papers and any relevant information about subsequent publication here for the record.

Shashi Related to the Japanese Company Histories Interest Group Panel at AAS 2016

-

Welcome to the World of the Japanese Company Histories

n/a

Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Vol. 3, Problemas económicos

In Latin America, the bicentennial of independence and the influence of the new political history have sparked interest in the process of state formation, political communities, ideas, and the role of the state in society and the economy. In light of this historiographical turn, Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010, a four-volume series coordinated by Iván Jaksić, examines the history of the country through the lens of the state and political processes. Previously published volumes addressed political practices (volume 1) and the state and society (volume 2). The volume under review, edited by Jaksić, Andrés Estefane, and Claudio Robles, focuses on the relationship between the state and the national economy, including issues such as industrialization, taxation, and foreign missions. The volume is not, the editors warn us, a comprehensive economic history of the country but an interdisciplinary discussion of some key elements of Chile's political economy.In their introduction, the editors proposed a common framework and set of theses that tie the essays together: the national state has played a critical role in the economy and the solution of economic problems in areas such as agriculture, mining, and income distribution; foreign capital and powerful economic groups have played an influential role in the country, especially in the mining sector but also in the design of economic policy; and power relations and political conflicts have shaped and transformed economic policies. Building on the editors' main arguments, each of the volume's 11 essays offers a synthesis and long-term historical perspective on an economic sector (for example, mining, agriculture, or industry) or an economic problem (such as taxation or inequality).In the first chapter, Alejandra Irigoin revisits the economic history of independence from Spain. Placing the history of Chile in a global framework and emphasizing both breaks and continuities, she offers a detailed analysis of taxes, fiscal policies, trade, and institutions during the late colonial and early national periods. The next four chapters summarize the traditional sectors of the national economy—mining, agriculture, and industry—as well as foreign trade. William Sater offers a concise view of the development of the mining sector, from the rise of small-scale copper mines in the nineteenth century to the nitrate boom and the large-scale copper industry. Cristóbal Kay and Claudio Robles return to the debate over the modernization of Chilean agriculture, the transition to capitalism, and the process of agrarian reform. Especially noteworthy is the authors' effort to go beyond a traditional economic and political analysis and to incorporate the social, labor, and gender aspects of the countryside's transformation. In chapter 4, Luis Ortega Martínez analyzes the difficult and slow path to industrialization from 1870 to 1970. Focusing on industrial policies and the role of the state, he argues that the state commitment to industrialize was short-lived and only started in the 1950s. Ignacio Briones and Gonzalo Islas, two economists, discuss the evolution of foreign trade and trade policies, emphasizing the historical tension between protectionism and open-market policies.Chapters 6 through 8 focus on specific economic policies. Claudio Agostini and Gonzalo Islas look at taxation and, specifically, the relationship between income tax and economic inequality. In the next chapter, Gonzalo Durán also looks at economic inequality, but from the point of view of wages. Building on both quantitative and qualitative methods, Durán calls attention to the need to analyze wages and salaries in connection to economic growth, unionization rates, and political projects. In chapter 8, renowned Chilean economist Ricardo Ffrench-Davis reviews the history of macroeconomic policies and economic instability since the 1950s. The end of the book brings three distinctive topics. Guillermo Guajardo Soto provides an interesting overview of the history of public companies, demonstrating that they have always been present in the country's history. Manuel Gárate Chateau writes an original essay about foreign missions and their influence on the state and on economic policy design. Gárate Chateau also demonstrates how Chile not only welcomed foreign experts but, after 1980, exported ideas and became a neoliberal model for the rest of the world. José Edwards closes the volume with a brief history of economic thought from nineteenth-century liberalism to the Chicago Boys.The third volume of Historia política de Chile furthers our understanding of the state's changing role in the economy. The editors do an excellent job of connecting the different chapters, offering readers a solid, up-to-date, and well-researched overview of the main debates in the history of political economy. Continuing the proposal of Historia política de Chile's previous volumes, this third volume also questions the old paradigm of Chile's exceptionalism, placing the country into a larger transnational and comparative framework. However, the chapters could have addressed how gender, race, class, and national origin shaped economic policies. The question of gender remains mainly absent in economic history.

Perancangan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) dan Sistem Informasi Barang Masuk dan Keluar pada Ritel PT Krisna Makmur Abadi

PT Krisna Makmur Abadi has yet to have a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), especially in the process of incoming and outgoing goods, is expected to guide, assist companies in carrying out operational activities, and improve the effectiveness of employees, especially the warehouse. Source of the data obtained in the form of a document the company's history, systems and procedures for entry and exit of goods and documents related to Inventory. The method used to collect data that is used this research is to conduct interviews, observation and documentation. The method used in the data analysis is qualitative descriptive method. This research resulted in the design of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) as a reference standards in order to increase the effectiveness of employees of companies and applications Inventory Information System to facilitate the employees to manage Inventory in the warehouse.