Companies In Pakistan Research Articles

Big data analytics capabilities and innovation effect of dynamic capabilities, organizational culture and role of management accountants

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the impact of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) on organizational innovation performance through process-oriented dynamic capabilities (PODC), as a mediator, as well as the moderating roles of organizational culture (OC) and management accountants, in this artificial intelligence (AI) era. This paper also aims to provide information on the emerging trends and implications of the abovementioned relationships by focusing on these relationships and interactions.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study used the close-ended questionnaire approach based on the resource-based view and socio-materiality theories. This included sending questionnaires to top-level management, including Chief Financial Officer/Chief Executive Officers/Chief Information Officers (CFO/CEOs/CIOs), having an in-depth understanding of the concepts, practical applications and usage of big data as well as BDAC.181 valid questionnaire-based responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique and bootstrapping moderated mediation method.FindingsThis study provides empirical insights into how BDAC impact innovative performance through PODC as well as the moderating effects of OC and management accountants. This involves a shift in focus from almost standardized approaches to developing BDAC without contextual focus on approaches that are much more heterogeneously related to each organization and hence are more focused on the context of the pharmaceutical industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe main aim of key research questions in this study is to increase the contributions of BDAC toward improving innovation performance in the presence of the abovementioned variables and relationships that exist between them. The chosen research approach can be improved by carrying out interviews with the top management to obtain more relevant and detailed information for developing a better understanding of the abovementioned relationships.Practical implicationsThis study outlines how organizations that are developing BDAC approaches can focus on relevant factors and variables to help their initiatives and its role in organizational innovative performance. This will also help them develop sustainable competitive advantage in manufacturing concerns, specifically in the health industry, namely, the pharmaceutical industry.Originality/valueThis study investigated the effects and implications of big data on organizations in the AI era that aim to achieve innovation performance. At the same time, it provides an original understanding of the contextual importance of investing in BDAC development. It also considers the role of management accountants as a bridge between data scientists and business managers in a big data environment, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. The current study used first-time data from surveys involving CFOs, CEOs or CIOs of pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan and analyzed the proposed model using bootstrapping moderated mediation analysis.

DISTORTED MIRROR OF ADVERTISING IN A MUSLIM SOCIETY: A study of television commercials by global companies in Pakistan

Advertising of global business corporations is extensively investigated in various cultural settings for its modifying effect on host cultures, particularly promoting Western capitalist values. The same has raised concerns for Muslim societies where majority cultural values being derived from Islam are at loggerheads with Western values, a situation which may have ramifications for these societies. This study explored the very notion in Pakistan, and investigated the depiction of culturally consistent as well as inconsistent values in global companies’ television commercials running in the country. The content of prime time television ads by these companies from April 2017 to March 2018 (N=131) was analyzed for the use of advertising appeals, applying Hofstede’s dimensional model for national cultures and advertising appeals by Pollay (1983) with modifications to include regionally standardized appeals, in the perspective of distorted mirror theorizing by Pollay (1986). The descriptive and statistical analysis of content found majority value appeals used in these ads reflecting values contrary to the cultural tendencies of Pakistani society, including appeals for regional standardization. It also found significant association of major inconsistent appeals with commercials of products used by youth and women. Appeal family was found the most frequently used among culturally consistent appeals. Findings provided a unique way of extrapolating Pollay’s theorizing that mirror of advertising is distorted to the sellers’ interest. To cite this article (7 th APA style): Shahid, S. E. (2021). Distorted Mirror of Advertising in a Muslim Society: A Study of Television Commercials by Global Companies in Pakistan. Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication 11(2), 95-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/jcs.v11i2.2221

Femininisation in Chinese Danmei

Danmei, the Chinese version of Boys Love, denotes a literature genre featuring male-male romantic/homoerotic relationships produced for and consumed by women. The history of danmei can be traced to imperial China when male homosexuality involving feminine elements was embraced by elite culture. Currently, a prodigious amount of danmei narratives are characterised by femininisation of uke and even seme protagonists, embodied by characters’ epicene appearance, effeminate manners, transvestism and male pregnancy. Femininisation in danmei, however, is discrepant from fangirls’ act of nisu that depicts male idols as girls. The rationale for femininisation in danmei is partially attributed to female writers’ (un)intentional deviation from partner preferences of homosexual males, impinged on by the prevailing aesthetic trend of ‘soft masculinity’ and readers’ taste. More significantly, femininising male characters enables danmei creators to manipulate traditional gender roles and intensify the female gaze. Potentially, femininisation is the result of the increasing attention and readership of danmei. To cite this article (7th APA style): Shahid, S. E. (2021). Distorted Mirror of Advertising in a Muslim Society: A Study of Television Commercials by Global Companies in Pakistan. Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication 11(2), 95-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/jcs.v11i2.2023

The Effect of Privatization on the Performance of Employees A case study on Karachi Electric Supply Company

Karachi Electric Supply Company (K.E.S.C.) is one of the most recently privatized companies in Pakistan. Since its privatization in 2005, it has been in the phase of bringing about many changes; re-branding and revitalizing with the introduction of new concepts such as integrated business centers (IBCs), which are one window solution for customers. K.E.S.C. has come up with new business strategies and a customer-oriented outlook with greater emphasis on employee performance. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of privatization on the employee performance of Karachi Electric Supply Company (K.E.S.C) and find out the changes in the overall employee performance. For this purpose, research was conducted from the employees of K.E.S.C. The variables identified through the literature review were commitment, organizational change, communication, training and development, financial benefits, and job security. The research aimed at finding out what changes have been taken place in these factors after privatization and what were the impacts of those changes on the overall performance of the employees. In order to investigate the variables, a detailed study was carried out. Both; employees and the employers’ perspectives regarding the performance changes were investigated. For this purpose, employees belonging to the middle-level management of K.E.S.C. working at IBC’s since the pre-privatization era was chosen, as the major change was implemented in these units of K.E.S.C. primarily. Apart from surveys, 3 interviews of management working at integrated business units of K.E.S.C. were also conducted as they have direct interaction with the employees and played important role in managing and implementing change. The results of the study revealed that change in the employees’ performance was viewed by employees as positive and significant and supplement this point with extensive training and development programs, new performance management system, organizational restructuring, amplified remuneration package, enhanced communication, and betterment of the working environment. Keeping in view the perspective of the management and the employees on the change after privatization, the research study concludes that though K.E.S.C’s management carried out the change program in a proper and organized manner, by considering several critical factors for its successful implementation, there were still a few gaps observed with respect to job security and communication that in the end lead to employees’ dissatisfaction and reservations with the change process. These gaps are highlighted in the recommendations and this study believes that if K.E.S.C’s management includes them in their future plans, then it can bring more productivity and efficiency in the performance of the employees.

Make or Buy Decision Criteria in Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry; a case of Albert Pharmaceutical Industry

The goal of this research is to look into how Pakistan Pharmaceutical industries took make o buy decision. The “Make or buy” decision is an important choice in an organization. This decision can affect costs, competencies, and capability in the organization. The data is collected from specialists of Albert manufacturing company in Pakistan. The questionnaire has been distributed to 7 respondents in decision-making people of the Albert Pharmaceutical industry. The response told that the Core part which is medicines is made. Albert Pharmaceutical Industry mostly follows Making Criteria for core activities because it is a government requirement that all documents related to the manufacture and testing of medicines be submitted to Pakistan's Drug Regulatory Authority (DRAP). Because these are life-saving drugs, the government must take all precautionary measures. In this study, we check that making criteria is beneficial for the pharmaceutical industry we see the relationship of Resource-Based View, cost reduction, Environment Uncertainty, and Financial benefits with making Decision Criteria. The results of our study show that Resource-Based View, cost reduction, and financial benefits have a highly significant relationship with Making Decision Criteria. Whereas environmental uncertainty has not any relationship with making decision criteria. We also implement the regression analysis to see which factor impacts the most making decision Criteria the result of the analysis shows that Resource-Based View. Also, participant specifies that they prefer manufacturing because they have most of the requisite resources and machinery along with human resources, organizational resources, and financial resources.

Predicting Risk through Artificial Intelligence Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case of Pakistani Nonfinancial Firms

AI (artificial intelligence) is a significant technological advancement that has everyone buzzing about its incredible potential. The current research study evaluates the influence of supervised artificial intelligence techniques, i.e., machine learning techniques on the nonfinancial firms of Pakistan and focuses on the practical application of AI techniques for the accurate prediction of corporate risks which in turn will lead to the automation of corporate risk management. So, in this study, we used financial ratios for accurate risk assessment and for the automation of corporate risk management by developing machine learning algorithms using techniques, namely, random forest, decision tree, naïve Bayes, and KNN. A secondary data collection technique will be used. For this purpose, we collected annual data of nonfinancial companies in Pakistan for the period ranging from 2006 to 2020, and the data are analyzed and tested through Python software. Our results prove that AI techniques can accurately predict risk with minimum error values, and among all the techniques used, the random forest technique outperforms as compared to the rest of the techniques.

ПАКИСТАНО-ИТАЛЬЯНСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ: ГОРИЗОНТЫ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article deals with the political, economic, military and humanitarian cooperation between Pakistan and Italy. The Italian Republic is regarded as a long-term trade and economic partner of Pakistan. It is noted, that Italy is among the top ten countries to which Pakistan exports its goods. Examples of effective investment activity of Italian companies in Pakistan are given. Special attention is paid to the role of labor migrants from Pakistan, their contribution to the Pakistani economy. Military cooperation is highlighted as a traditional area of cooperation between Pakistan and Italy. A parallel is drawn to the development of military cooperation between countries with the interests of the military elite of Pakistan. Interaction in the field of culture is presented on the example of joint projects of these two countries universities, on the work of joint archaeological expeditions, and the annual literary festival in Karachi. It is emphasized, that there are no negative aspects in the humanitarian sphere of interaction between the two states, as, for example, it took place in Pakistani-French intercultural relations. Finally, it is concluded, that this approach to the development of bilateral relations between Pakistan and Italy has stood the test of time, it is economically justified and does not contradict their foreign policy interests in relation to third countries.

Practical application of six SIGMA methodology to reduce defects in a Pakistani manufacturing company

All over the world six sigma is being adopted as a quality improvement approach towards zero defects. Unfortunately, the adoption of six sigma methodology in manufacturing companies is very rare in developing countries due to various challenges. This study demonstrates the practical use of the six sigma Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) cycle by conducting a case study at a manufacturing company in Pakistan. The potential problem was the external leakage defect in the refrigerator during its production stage. The objective of this study was to improve the process by adopting six sigma DMAIC approach to identify and eliminate the root causes that produce defects in the final product. Project charter, Pie chart, Bar chart of faults, Suppliers Input Process Output (SIPOC), Voice of Customer (VOC) and flow process map were used to define the problem, its scope and process routing. Pareto chart was used to identify sub defects and sigma level was calculated for the existing process. Feed rate, capillary action of filler material, cleanliness, visual inspection and unsuitable heat input were the major causes of external leakage. Cause and effect matrix was used to rank the identified causes. Further, design of experiment (DoE) was performed to improve the process by conducting different alterations in the parameters. In order to control the process, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) sheet was prepared to sustain the process improvements. The FMEA control plan needed to be revised at specific time intervals to attain continuous process improvement. This six sigma DMAIC cycle produced a 30% overall reduction of external leakage defect and service call rate (SCR) was improved with lower complaints from customers.

Determination the Role and Problems of Inventory Management and Supply chain Profitability: A case study of Cement companies in Sindh, Pakistan

Cement companies are private constrained are considered as one of the Pakistan’s biggest revenue produced. Lucky is one of the biggest cement company in Pakistan. In arrange to improve its client fulfillment it offers a wide extend of items in terms of Cement, and cement based items. Lucky Cement has significant intrigued towards the Green Supply Chain Administration. Nevertheless, it is one of the changeableness assignments to execute the green supply chain administration over the conventional supply chain but it gets to be the need of the advanced time and its usage is advantageous through each angle of trade. The reason of this inquire about is to examine and analyze the challenges for Green Supply Chain Administration in Lucky Cement private limited constrained and to supply proposals in this respect. The investigate discoveries are based on SWOT investigation and to uncover equality, shortcomings, openings and dangers with regard to challenges confronted by Lucky cement in executing Green Supply Chain Administration. A few convincible proposals is been given in this respect to overcome the challenges confronted by Lucky cement in actualizing or to receive the Green Supply Chain Administration. This investigate is of subjective in nature and burn case think about technique is utilized for point-by-point examination of Lucky cement as it were. Through non-probability, based inspecting strategy essential in hand information based on organized interviews was collected from concerns. The discoveries of the investigate concludes that the Lucky cement require execute Green Supply Chain Administration in its fabricating and crude fabric acquirement prepare and has sufficient potential to actualize it in arrange to improve efficiency and to manage with the client and the administrative weight. The company can contribute straightforwardly on nearby agriculturists by giving mindfulness so that they can make strides the abdicate of eatable oil seed edit, the company can too collaborate with their providers in arrange to center on switch coordination’s of their cement from clients for reusing reason or by getting skill of Green Supply Chain Administration experts.

The Link Between Team Identification, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Innovative Work Behavior and Its Dimensions in the Context of Pakistan

This study examined the effects of team identification (TI) on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and innovative work behavior (IWB) and its dimension (idea exploration, idea generation, idea promotion, and idea implementation). In addition, this research also studied the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship between team identification and innovative work behavior and its dimension. Data ( n = 357) were collected from employees working in software companies of Pakistan by using a time lag research design. Results advocated that team identification was significantly associated with entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior and its dimensions. Likewise, entrepreneurial orientation mediates the association of team identification and innovative work behavior and its dimensions. Thus, this study presents distinctive insight into team identification in the IT sector, how team identification impact on innovative work behavior of employees through entrepreneurial orientation.

Abusive Supervision and Its Impact on Knowledge Hiding Behavior Among Sales Force.

The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between abusive supervision and employee’s knowledge hiding behavior (evasive hiding, playing dumb, rationalized hiding) among sales force of insurance companies in Pakistan. The paper also strives to theoretically discuss and then seek empirical evidence to the mediational paths of psychological contract breach that explain the focal relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding. To test the proposed hypotheses, the study draws cross-sectional data from sales force of insurance companies working in Pakistan. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and using convenient sampling technique. The final sample of 340 valid and complete responses analyzed using structured equation modeling (partial least square) approach. Results showed that abusive supervision is positively related to employee’s knowledge hiding behaviors. Also, mediating variable psychological contract breach partially mediates the abusive supervision-knowledge hiding behavior linkage. Current study has tested the positive relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding behaviors unlike most of the previous investigations that have focused on knowledge sharing behavior. The study also empirically investigated the mediational route of psychological contract breach, that explains the blame attributed by the beleaguered employee that led to covert retaliatory behavior, such as knowledge hiding. This paper contributes to knowledge hiding literature which is an important part of knowledge management from the perspective of abusive supervision based on both reactance theory and SET theory.

The learning effect on organizational performance during a crisis: a serial mediation analysis with knowledge creation, storage and sharing

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the serially mediating effect of knowledge management (KM) practices (namely, knowledge creation, storage and sharing) on the organizational learning (OL) and organizational performance (OP) relationships during a crisis.Design/methodology/approachBased on theories-of-action, knowledge-based and resource-based theories, this study proposed a sequential mediation model where OL underlying mechanisms through which KM practices have facilitated OP during the crisis. The sample dataset contains 440 responses collected from the managers of the software development companies in Pakistan. The authors used Hayes Process macro with SPSS to test the study hypotheses.FindingsThe results of the study reveal that knowledge creation, storage and sharing serially mediate the relationships between OL and OP. These findings strengthen the argument suggesting that OL plays the key role in KM that helps software companies to mend their performance in times of crisis.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the KM literature in two ways: (1) grounded on the study's proposed framework, organizations can improve and manage their businesses in times of crisis and (2) learn how to generate new knowledge in response to business crises.

Linking ethical leadership to followers' innovative work behavior in Pakistan: the vital roles of psychological safety and proactive personality

PurposeThis study examines the link between ethical leadership and innovative work behavior. Also, drawing on the substitute for leadership theory, this study investigates the role of a follower's proactive personality in the relationship between ethical leadership and innovative work behavior (IWB). Similarly, this study further explores the role of psychological safety in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected from software development companies based in Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 240 employees and their immediate supervisors were asked to participate in this study. Processes Macro and Amos were used to assess study hypotheses.FindingsUsing data from software companies in Pakistan, this study found that ethical leadership can be effective to enhance IWB in followers whose proactive personality is low, while this effect is limited in high proactive individuals. Furthermore, psychological safety mediates the main effect of ethical leadership on IWB as well as the interactive effect between ethical leadership and follower's proactive personality on IWB.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to investigate the moderating role of employees' proactive personality in the relationship between ethical leadership and followers' IWB. Secondly, draws on the substitute for leadership perspective, this study explains that how the role of ethical leadership can be less effective for high proactive individuals or how individual characteristics can substitute leadership behavior. Thirdly, this study deepens our understanding of the mechanisms linking ethical leadership to IWB by exploring the role of psychological safety as a mediator. Finally, our research is based on data collected from Pakistan might also add some new insights to the existing west-dominated literature.

Impact of Dividend Policy on Shareholders’ Wealth: An Empirical Analysis of Listed Insurance Companies in Pakistan

This study aims to investigate the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth using secondary data of 17 listed insurance companies in Pakistan employing non-probability convenience sampling for 2012-2015. Shareholders’ wealth is used as dependent variable measured by earning per share whereas dividend policy as independent variable measured by three ratios namely dividend per share, Retention ratio and dividend payout ratio. Analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, regression analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that all the independent variables impact dependent variable positively with dividend per share and retention ratio significant at 5%. Moreover study reveals that the theory of dividend irrelevancy failed in the case of insurance industry of Pakistan.

Ownership Structure and Its Impact on Dividend Policy: A Case of Non–Financial Companies in Pakistan

This article focus on one of important corporate decision that can have a great impact on the sentiments of the investor’s i.e. corporate dividend policy. This study investigates the determinants of the corporate dividend policy in the context of agency relation. The analysis of the study has based on the random sample of eighty firms from the listed companies in Pakistan, for the period of eight years ranging from 2003 to 2012. Stepwise multiple regressions have used to investigate for the relationship of ownership variables with the dividend payouts. The empirical results suggested that there has a negative relationship between the dividend payouts and managerial share ownership and thus these are alternative tools that can be used to minimize the agency problem. And also where there has positive relationship between the institutional suggested that the higher has their shareholdings the higher will be the firm dividend payouts that will leads to less availability of the cash flows with the opportunities managers to expropriate the shareholders wealth.

What Stimulates Sports Consumer? Desiging Sustainable Marketing Strategies

The global sports industry has rapidly expanded its scope, and its domain has extended across the world. World sports events including the Olympics, FIFA, Wimbledon Tennis, Tour de France Cycling and many other events have a far reach, a large audience as well as a wide range of participation. With its massive impact, the industry has become inexplorable today and the higher interest of consumers in sports persuades a need to understand the unique behaviour of sports consumers. The current research was conducted to identify the marketing factors that influence sports consumer behaviour. This study was focused on the population of young adults in Dera Ismail Khan, a division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A questionnaire encircling marketing factors was distributed among 220 respondents. The study was followed by a quantitative method and the participants' responses were analyzed through statistical inferences. The analyzed data indicated that six (06) marketing factors, such as product quality, price, product accessibility & reach, brand image, and sustainable manufacturing have a significant influence on sports consumer behaviour. These findings suggest that sports goods manufacturing companies in Pakistan should give due attention to consumer demands and devise relevant marketing strategies to grow their businesses and gain higher market shares.

Role of Capital Budgeting Techniques for Investment Decision Making: An Empirical Study of Public and Private Sector Companies in Pakistan

Purpose: Regardless matter whether it is a commercial or public enterprise, every business would have a capital budgeting procedure in residence. The supply of Public goods is the major force on Public sector institutions, and one means to do this is complete the execution of huge progress schemes. With the current state of affairs in Pakistan, major cost and time overruns have occurred on Public sector setup ventures. One of the most likely reasons of cost overruns is a lack of or insufficient cost and benefit ventures, as well as general venture management since the documentation period through the stage after installation period. This study used capital budgeting decision-making methodologies to assess Pakistan's present technological ambitions. Design/Methodology/Approach: In Pakistan, one of the top corporations did a postal survey and a cross-sectional data analysis. Although empirical data suggests a shift toward genuine conceptions and discounted cash flow (DCF) approaches, corporations still fall short of the fundamental needs. Most methodologies are used, including inner proportion of return, net present value (NPV) and payback method (PBM).
 Findings: The majority of corporations calculate risk adjusted cash flow, but only a small fraction of firms/businesses use the most modern risk assessment tools.
 Implications/Originality/Value: In comparison to other industrialized nations, the utilization of the discounted cash flow (DCF) ratio is still quite low.

Impact of Perceived CSR on Brand Equity through Brand Admiration and Customer Advocacy Behaviour: Moderating Role of Brand Attitude and Customer Loyalty

Purpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand equity with respect to behaviors and emotions. The motive behind this study was to examine the sequential mediating role of emotion of brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior between perceived CSR and brand equity. Moderators of brand attitude and customer loyalty were also explored in this study.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research method has been adapted for this study. A questionnaire with 5-point likert scale was adopted from existing scholarly work to collect data from 364 customers of 5 food production companies placed in Pakistan. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS3 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique.
 Findings: Results show that brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior significantly mediate the relationship of perceived CSR and brand equity. Moreover, moderating role of brand attitude and customer loyalty was found positive and significant. This was the novelty of this research.
 Implications/Originality/Value: This research will be helpful for food production companies in Pakistan to formulate strong customer-brand relationships in order to strengthen their brand equity by effectively positioning their CSR practices into the minds of consumers.

THE IMPACT OF WORKLIFE BALANCE FACTORS ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION IN INSURANCE COMPANIES OF PAKISTAN

A cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the impact of different work life balance factors on turnover intention through job satisfaction in different insurance companies in Pakistan. There are total 12 insurance companies in Pakistan, out of which four companies namely, State Life Insurance Corporation, EFU Life Assurance, JLI (Jubliee Life Insurance) and AdamJee Life Insurance Corporation located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad were selected. 300 questionnaires were distributed among the four insurance companies, of which 230 were returned, 19 were discarded, and hence a total sample size of 211 questionnaires was obtained. After data collection, the data was entered in SPSS 17 and the reliability of scales was tested using Cronbach Alpha’s Coefficient Method. Correlation and regression analysis was performed for hypothesis testing. The results of the study showed that the primary factors that contribute to the work life balance are work place culture, social support, rewards and benefits, alternate working hours and recreation facilities. However, social support, alternate working hours and rewards and benefits had a significant positive relation with job satisfaction and negative relation with turnover intention. The finding of this study reported that the relationship between rewards and benefits and turnover intention were partially mediated by job satisfaction.

Building a Circular Economy Model for Managing Exploitation of Household Used Devices on the Example of Washing Machine Driven by DC Motor Along with Components

Abstract In the article, the authors describe, using the example of a selected class of technical means, their concept of replacing the “classical” linear management (exploitation) model with a circular economy (CE) model. An example of an object for which the authors plan to test the feasibility of the concept presented above is a household washing machine driven by a DC motor. The description of this object included in the article considers its complexity and multiplicity of assemblies, sub-assemblies, and elements. The DC electric motor driving the washing machine was considered the most important from the point of view of the created model, especially in terms of the possibility of maintenance and repair. For such an engine, the article presents the maintenance and disposal model as elements of the concept of building a ‘circular’ business model. The authors assumed that the formal basis for such a model would be the so-called circular model. The methodology and plan of the research carried out at Super Asia washing machine company in Pakistan were introduced, and the research results were shown. With the use of these results, an attempt was made to assess the requirements that the application of the CE business model places on manufacturers of a selected class of devices, both in their manufacture, repair, sharing and dematerialization. The concept of further research is described at the end of the article.